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Could the no-calorie sweetener you rely on to replace sugar in your diet actually cause weight gain instead of the weight loss you were expecting?The answer may be yes, according to a new study."Artificial sweeteners are not risk-free," said Brian Hoffmann, assistant professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Marquette University, and a lead author of the study. "They are a very controversial topic when it comes to health and nutrition ... but they're so prevalent in society that I think we owe it to ourselves to try and figure out what's actually going on."Hoffmann presented his new research Sunday at the annual?Experimental Biology meeting in San Diego. Relying on rats and human cell cultures, his team identified a number of pathways linking artificial sweeteners with metabolic changes at the genetic level that could lead to diabetes and obesity. Specifically, the researchers found that three weeks of exposure to aspartame and acesulfame potassium -- two artificial sweeteners frequently combined in products such as Equal -- altered the expression of certain genes responsible for lipid metabolism in the cells of both rats and humans."Aspartame had some significant changes, and one of those was an increase in lipids in the bloodstream and a decrease in a biomolecule that is involved in clearing (lipids) from the bloodstream. And we saw the exact same thing with the acesulfame potassium," Hoffmann said."We then took those particular sweeteners and put them on endothelial cells -- the cells that line the blood vessels and would be exposed to them in the body -- and we detected a marked dysfunction, suggesting why sweeteners and diet soda have been linked to potential cardiovascular problems," he added.What was perhaps most surprising, according to Hoffmann, was that these metabolic changes did not occur in the presence of natural sugars such as glucose and fructose. This suggests that artificial sweeteners could contribute to metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity by an entirely different mechanism than natural sugars, he said.Artificial sweeteners appear to contribute to metabolic disorders by altering the activity of certain genes responsible for the breakdown of macromolecules such as fats and proteins, Hoffmann said. This is different from normal sugars, which contribute to cardiovascular disease through insulin resistance and by damaging the cells lining the body's blood vessels."People are generally consuming non-nutritive sweeteners believing they are a 'healthy choice,' but this may not be true," said research scientist Meghan Azad of the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, who was not involved in the new study."This is especially important given the widespread and increasing consumption of artificial sweeteners in the general population and the increasing use of artificial sweeteners in our food supply," said Azad, who has authored a paper that reviewed a number of studies on the potential downside of artificial sweeteners on weight and health.According to Azad, over 40% of adult Americans consume no-cal sweeteners on a daily basis, and studies that measure the sweeteners in blood and urine show that many people who report not using artificial sweeteners are unknowingly consuming them.It's the latest assault in the ongoing debate over artificial sweeteners and their impact on health -- a debate that began when one of our most popular foods, sugar, turned sour in terms of health. 3527

Cottonwood, Arizona police have arrested a 32-year-old woman in what they call, "One of the worst cases of neglect some of the officers involved have ever seen."Sarah Easterday-Shortridge faces several charges in connection with the crime. On the morning of March 10, the Verde Valley Regional SWAT team served a search warrant at a home.Officers were made aware of the residence after a person received medical treatment from being pistol-whipped by a man staying at the home the night before. Police say officers found Easterday-Shortridge's three children, all under the age of five, living in "deplorable conditions." The abandoned home reportedly had feces, trash, debris, broken glass, and rotting food throughout. Officers described the residence as a "flop-house" for drug users.The children were transported to a medical center where they received treatment and hygiene. Police say the kids were suffering from lice, open sores, scabies, bumps, and were covered in feces. The Department of Child Safety was called to the scene and the children were removed from Easterday-Shortridge’s custody, police said. She has been charged with several felonies including child abuse, endangerment, neglect or abuse of a minor and possession of drug paraphernalia.   1326

Conservatives -- including House Speaker Paul Ryan -- are striking back after President Donald Trump announced last week he planned to raise tariffs on aluminum and steel coming into the US."We are extremely worried about the consequences of a trade war and are urging the White House to not advance with this plan," Ryan spokeswoman AshLee Strong said in a statement Monday morning. "The new tax reform law has boosted the economy and we certainly don't want to jeopardize those gains."Earlier Monday, Ryan's office blasted out a CNBC article that linked a drop in the markets to Trump's planned levies on steel and aluminum.  640

CONIFER, Colo. – The Jefferson County Sheriff’s Office is warning people about leaving their cars unlocked after several incidents, including one caught on video, in which bears have gotten into vehicles.The sheriff’s office posted video on Facebook that showed deputies using a rope to open a car door in Conifer on Monday. A black bear then exits the car and runs off.The deputy recording the scene then shows the interior of the car, which was torn to shreds. The bear also left behind a half-eaten banana.The sheriff’s office said no humans or bears were hurt.  583

COLUMBIA, S.C. — Rapper Kanye West used part of his first event since declaring himself a presidential candidate to rant against historical figure Harriet Tubman. West said the Underground Railroad conductor “never actually freed the slaves, she just had them work for other white people." West's comments drew shouts of opposition from some in the crowd gathered Sunday in North Charleston, South Carolina. His appearance was marked by a lengthy monologue touching on topics from abortion and religion to international trade and licensing deals. At one point he said he and wife Kim Kardashian had considered terminating their first pregnancy. Several sources report West became tearful during the speech Sunday, explaining how a message from God changed his mind and he got a call from Kardashian saying they were going to have the baby. North West was born in 2013. Whether West is actually seeking the nation’s highest office remains a question. Last week he met the requirements to appear on Oklahoma's presidential ballot. An Oklahoma elections spokeswoman says a West representative submitted paperwork and the ,000 filing fee Wednesday for the state's Nov. 3 ballot. A West adviser told New York Magazine that West was out, but TMZ reports his campaign filed with the Federal Election Commission. West has already missed the deadline to qualify for the ballot in several states. 1397