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In the nation’s capital, when it comes to immigration, much of the focus is often on the southern border and undocumented migrants. This month, though, it’s immigrants that have come to the U.S. legally who are about to face new challenges, as they try to become permanent residents or U.S. citizens.Public assistance, like Section 8 housing vouchers or food stamps, could play a big role in the fight over immigration.It is called the “public charge” rule and it is not new; it’s been on the books since the late 1800s. What is new, however, is what defines a public charge.Back in 1882, when immigrants arrived in the U.S., they had to prove they had cash and enough money to get where they were going, once they landed.Fast forward to 1996: that’s when the government decided other factors should be included as part of a green card application – like a person’s finances, health, age, education – and whether a sponsor, such as a family member who is a citizen or already has a green card, could financially vouch for you.Now, the rule will change again. Immigration officials will be able to deny a green card if they think some will “likely” end up needing public assistance, like welfare, food stamps or Medicaid.If that person needed such help in the past, it could count against them. That is placing greater scrutiny on the 400,000 people each year, who apply for to become permanent residents in the U.S.The Trump Administration argues the change is needed so that public assistance is safe-guarded for U.S citizens and residents who need it.“The benefit to taxpayers is a long-term benefit of seeking to ensure that our immigration system is bringing people to join us as American citizens, as legal permanent residents first, who can stand on their own two feet, who will not be reliant on the welfare system,” said Ken Cuccinelli, acting director of the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, in making the announcement in August. Yet, some who work with the immigration system disagree. Aaron Hall is an immigration attorney in Denver.“Every change that’s happened over the last two years has been aimed at making the immigration process more burdensome, more difficult,” Hall said. Hall added that not only is the definition of a “public charge” changing, so is the green card application itself.“For the first time ever, they’re asking applicants to provide a credit score,” he said. “People who have not had immigration status prior or who have spent time living in a foreign country are not going to have a credit score. So, they have negative factor against them, even before they get started with their application.”The revised “public charge” rule is set to take effect on Oct. 15, but it is already being challenged by multiple states in court. A could injunction could delay it as the lawsuits make their way through the courts, a process that could potentially take years. 2922

Kroger is requesting customers no longer openly carry firearms into its stores, even in states where open carry is legal, the company announced Tuesday evening.The announcement comes just hours after Walmart made a similar announcement. Walmart also said it would end the sales of some firearms and ammunition. Kroger stopped selling guns last year.Kroger, like Walmart, also said it would add its voice to the growing number of corporations calling on elected officials to pass gun reform laws, such as requiring stronger background checks."Kroger has demonstrated with our actions that we recognize the growing chorus of Americans who are no longer comfortable with the status quo and who are advocating for concrete and common sense gun reforms," the company said in a statement.As mass shootings have grown in frequency, death toll and prominence in recent years, many big companies have faced pressure to address their role in the crisis.After a shooter in Parkland, Florida, killed 17 people last year, Dick's Sporting Goods announced it would stop selling assault-style rifles. At the same time, Walmart raised the age for gun purchases from 18 to 21. Kroger followed suit, ending all sales of guns and ammunition in its 45 Fred Meyer stores in the Pacific Northwest last March, citing declining consumer demand for firearms. The grocer had earlier stopped selling guns to people under 21 and pulled sales of magazines featuring "assault rifles."Over the last month, Walmart in particular has faced pressure to stop selling guns after 22 people were shot and killed by a white supremacist inside a Walmart store in El Paso, Texas.In its statement, Kroger said it would be "respectfully asking" that customers no longer openly carry guns in its stores, except for authorized law enforcement officers. It is unclear whether or how the grocer plans to enforce this request.Walmart said it will take a "non confrontational" approach to enforcing the new policy by putting up signs announcing the request outside of stores.Ed Scruggs, president of gun safety advocacy group Texas Gun Sense, said a number of retailers in the state (where open carry is legal) request that customers not openly carry in their stores by posting large signs stating the policy in English and Spanish outside their stores. Store workers can ask customers who do not abide by the signs to return the guns to their cars or leave the store, Scruggs said. 2444

In a town on the Puget Sound of Washington, Mario Rivera makes his way down to the secluded beach in his backyard. "We have to walk a little bit to get to it," he says.Rivera walks along the beach to an adult male gray whale decomposing on his property."40 feet long… we named it Gunther," Rivera says, pointing to the rotting whale.Gunther is one of 30 gray whales that have washed up dead on the shores of Washington so far this year. If you include Alaska, Oregon and California, that number jumps to 81 and counting.The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is calling the phenomenon an unusual mortality event, and there's simply not enough storage space for these massive decomposing animals."This whale got stranded about three or four miles down there," Rivera explains.Homeowners in the area weren't too happy about where Gunther landed naturally, so the Marine Mammal Stranding Network had to find somewhere else to designate as his final resting place."My wife and I just looked at each other and said 'Hey, let's take it to our property,'" Rivera says.With permission from their one neighbor, Rivera and his wife were the first to volunteer their property as a place for the whale to decompose.They were the start of a movement as NOAA says 15 more have volunteered since. It's an unexpected response considering the scent of a decomposing whale is far from pleasant."It smells like a rotting whale," Rivera explains.He says the stench comes and goes with the hot temps and wind, but he's been covering it in lime to help, and he says the pungent smell will likely go away after a month. What's more important, is that Gunther has given Rivera and scientists an opportunity to study why so many whales may be dying."When we opened him up, we found nothing but eel grass. And eel grass isn't part of their diet. This whale was what we call desperation feeding," Rivera says.John Calambokidis has been studying whales along the West Coast for 35 years. He's a research biologist with Cascadia Research. Calambokidis says the malnourished state of Gunther was very similar to what they've been seeing with other dying whales."Most of these whales have shown up very thin and emaciated--very little oil or fat in their blubber layer, which suggests they didn't get enough to feed last year," Calambokidis says.Gray whales spend the summers feeding in the Arctic and then migrate south near Mexico for the winter. All the whale strandings show some aren't making it through their normal seasonal fasting as they migrate back north along the West Coast in the spring. Calambokidis says it still isn't 100 percent clear why so many whales are dying, but he thinks its at least due in part to food supply not being able to meet the demand of the West Coast's growing whale population."Most recent estimate was 27,000 gray whales in this population," Calambokidis says.Research biologists have seen this trend once before back in 1999 and 2000. The theories were the same, and gray whales have made a comeback in the following decades. But now, scientists are questioning whether warming waters is also playing a role."We're not yet alarmed about this in the sense that we've seen something like this before and they've recovered from it. But we really do want to understand what's going on," Calambokidis says. "Particularly since there have been such dramatic changes in the arctic ecosystem. Making sure there isn't also a climate change element to this that could suggest a longer-term pattern we need to be more concerned about."According to Calambokidis, waters are warmer, and ice cover has dramatically been reduced, changing the dynamics of the ecosystem and how whales reach their prey.Part of their job as research biologists is to learn if there's more to the story. Calambokidis says they study each carcass searching the tissues for disease or contaminants. But for now, the main issue is dealing with the abundance of dead whales. And Rivera is happy he's been a part of the solution."This one couple volunteering this has prompted NOAA to think well maybe there are other people that would be interested in this, and [they can] kind of explore this as a new direction," Calambokidis says.*********************If you'd like to reach out to the journalist of this story, email elizabeth.ruiz@scripps.com 4342

Inside a converted warehouse here, one of the largest migrant processing facilities in the country, rows of undocumented migrants filled chain-link cells as of last week.The facility, designed to hold 1,500, was crammed with 2,200 migrants detained at the border. That's nearly double the number who were there last summer.The region's central processing facility, which was built in the wake of the unaccompanied crisis five years ago, is better equipped to care for families and children than most Border Patrol stations, but its limits are being tested.Despite the near-constant attention President Donald Trump and his administration have placed on the border, illegal immigration is on the rise, leading to serious overcrowding in detention facilities like this one."We are way over capacity," said a Border Patrol official while touring the facility in McAllen with CBP Deputy Commissioner Robert Perez.Customs and Border Protection facilities in the area are overflowing with migrants who can't be processed and transferred fast enough to make room for all the new people arrested for crossing the border illegally or seeking asylum at the ports.This backlog has led CBP to begin releasing some migrants with notices to appear in court. According to a CBP official, 50 people were released on March 19, with another 200 expected to be released on March 20. The releases are a "temporary measure" being implemented "to mitigate risks to both officer safety and vulnerable populations," said the official.Immigration and Customs Enforcement has also released families along the southern border due to capacity issues and the inability to hold families longer than 20 days.Both the ICE and new CBP policies are, in effect, "catch and release" policies that the Trump administration has criticized.Separately, DHS has begun returning some asylum seekers who arrive in California to Mexico for the duration of their immigration proceedings and has indicated it plans to expand the practice across the southern border. This policy is being challenged in court.A system overwhelmed againWhile illegal border crossings are on the rise, they have not reached the record highs from the early to mid-2000s, when apprehensions often hit more than 100,000 a month along the southern border.In February, the most recent month available, 66,450 people were apprehended on the southern border.But it's the changing demographics that US officials and agencies are struggling with. Fifteen years ago, the typical migrant apprehended at the southern border was a single male from Mexico who was then quickly returned to Mexico. Today, families and children make up the majority of apprehensions. They are predominantly from the Northern Triangle countries of Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador.Today's situation is reminiscent of the wave of unaccompanied minors apprehended at the border in the summer of 2014. Back then, Border Patrol apprehended 10,620 unaccompanied minors in one month. This February, 6,825 unaccompanied children were apprehended, along with a record 36,174 family members.In the first five months of this fiscal year, there were 163,087 apprehensions of unaccompanied minors and families -- already more than in all of 2018, which was 157,248 for the entire year."It overwhelms the resources that I have," said Rio Grande Valley Chief Patrol Agent Rodolfo Karisch about the increase in families and children. "Out of every shift, I'm having to take 20% of my workforce and dedicate them to processing, dedicate them to hospital watch and transportation, so it is very taxing on our resources."Karisch said that as the summer months approach and temperatures rise, "rescue season" begins."I don't get extra personnel, given to me for the humanitarian mission, nor do I get extra personnel for the actual rescue operations, so all of those things are very taxing," said Karisch.The problem is particularly acute in the Rio Grande Valley in Texas, already the busiest region for illegal border crossings in the country. Thirty-eight percent of all border apprehensions and 52% of marijuana seizures occur in this part of southern Texas, according to Karisch.The converted warehouseThe building in McAllen, a nondescript, beige facade, opens into warehouse space with large fenced-in cells used to divide migrants into different demographic groups- single adults, families, and unaccompanied children.Inside them, people lay next to each other under crinkling mylar blankets, others stand along the wire fence. The cement floor is lined with green gym mats. Two children pushed empty trash cans around, seemingly with nothing else to play with.One area held what appeared to be hundreds of children and parents, eating apples, potato chips and other snacks, and drinking from bottles of water and milk cartons.What to call these holding pens has become a contentious point of debate. While the CBP and Department of Homeland Security officials refer to them as "pods," Democratic lawmakers who criticize the Trump administration's have described them as cages. In a recent testimony before the House Homeland Security Committee, DHS Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen said her department does not use cages to house migrant children when questioned by House Homeland Security Chairman Rep. Bennie Thompson, D-Mississippi.CBP Deputy Commissioner Robert Perez says that calling them cages is a "mischaracterization of what the processing center actually is. It is a center that is there and meant for and indented to, in the most safest means possible, to take these most vulnerable populations and afford us as the front line law enforcement agency the best ability to deliver the care and processing that we are responsible to do for those very vulnerable populations.""That really struck me, the care with which our agents are taking care of this population," said Perez. "The other thing that struck me was, how saturated we are. A facility, very well-equipped, very well-resourced, nevertheless overwhelmed by the virtue of just the sheer numbers of people that we are seeing."The group, including CBP officials and two journalists, entered one of the cells, labeled "red pod C." There, an agent stood guard on top of a painted red structure, reminiscent of a lifeguard tower, and stood above to watch what was happening inside."We do have fights from time to time, which is why we have to have an open facility," said another Border Patrol official as we walked through the center.There are also laundry facilities and showers in the building -- not available at all of the stations in the region or across the border. CBP also purchases new clothing, which are given to migrants while their personal garments are being washed.A group of border agents assigned to handle unaccompanied minor cases worked feverishly at a long row of desks. Another row of desks, although empty when CNN was there, are meant for consular officers that can help US officials determine if the documents brought by migrants, primarily from Central American countries, are legitimate."This needs to be a whole of government, regional problem, not just CBP and DHS," said one of the officials on the tour.Length of stayThe goal is to move people out of the processing center and other Border Patrol facilities within 72 hours, but that doesn't always happen."Some of these folks have been sitting here for days, not hours," said a senior Border Patrol official on the walkthrough.The average length of stay in the facility is currently 60 hours, but that drops to 32 hours for families, according to the official.The McAllen center was designed to temporarily house migrants so they can be processed and transferred to other agencies. Families and adults are generally released to Immigration and Customs Enforcement custody, while unaccompanied children are transferred to the Department of Health and Human Services.Although agents want to move people out the center as quickly as possible, the short turnaround presents another problem -- how to verify familial relationships.For example, even if a document is determined to be legitimate, agents have to determine whether it's fraudulent. Additionally, only children older than 14 are fingerprinted, leaving a gap in the biometric data that can be gathered.After a couple hours touring the facility and border in McAllen, Perez noted that it's not just the Border Patrol facilities, but the entire US immigration system that is backlogged. "The system is overwhelmed," he said.The border and the portsLater that day, about 10 miles away from the McAllen processing center, agents lined up a group of about a migrants just apprehended near the Anzalduas International Bridge along the border with Mexico. Agents asked all the migrants for their information and documents. Among those apprehended were Xiomara and her adolescent son. She said they fled extortion and death threats in her home country of Guatemala."They give you days to give them the money, and if not, they'll kill you," she said in Spanish.At the time Xiomara and her son were encountered, Border Patrol had apprehended 600 people for the day. By the end of the day, 1,420 people had been taken into custody -- making it the second-busiest day in the sector since 2014.Several miles to the east, the Hidalgo Port of Entry was also overwhelmed with asylum-seekers. On Friday, there were 77 migrants in the 35-person capacity facility."How do we handle this many people?" asked the CBP official giving a tour of the port.The port has converted its offices into holding facilities for families and uses its original holding cells for bathrooms. Inside the port, there was a closet filled with Pedialyte, Nestle formula, children's clothing and other goods.At night, officers put down mats and provide blankets so migrants have somewhere to sleep.Migrants are sent to various processing facilities in the area depending on which facility has availability. However, agents aim to send all unaccompanied minors to the central processing center in McAllen."Especially right now" the region's facilities are overcapacity, said Chief Karisch, adding the Border Patrol stations and the processing center in McAllen are "exactly what they are --processing, short-term holding facilities," he said. 10299

KANSAS CITY, Mo. -- The Kansas City, Missouri, City Council on Thursday unanimously approved a resolution that may eliminate public bus fares, positioning the city to become 186