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WASHINGTON, April 6 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have discovered two genes in which variation affects intake of caffeine, the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, according to a report described Wednesday in the open-access journal PLoS Genetics.A team of investigators from the National Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill examined genetic variation across the entire genome of more than 47,000 individuals from the U.S.They found the genes -- CYP1A2, which has previously been implicated in the metabolism of caffeine, and AHR, involved in the regulation of CYP1A2, played roles in regulating intake of caffeine. Individuals with the highest-consumption genotype for either gene consumed 40 mg more caffeine than those with the lowest-consumption genotype, equivalent to the amount of one-third cup of caffeinated coffee, or one can of cola.Caffeine is implicated in numerous physiological and medical conditions; it affects sleep patterns, energy levels, mood, and mental and physical performance. The identification of genes that have an impact on daily consumption offers opportunities to better understand these conditions. Further exploration of the identified genetic variants may provide insight into the speed of caffeine metabolism, how long caffeine circulates in the blood, or how strong the physiological effects of consuming a given amount of caffeine are.

BEIJING, March 22 (Xinhuanet) -- NASA scientists are testing its next-generation Mars rover, which will land on Mars next year, under extreme conditions at space-simulation chamber in California, media reports said Tuesday.Scientists at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., say they've installed the Curiosity rover in a space-simulation chamber that can mimic the environment the probe will encounter on Mars.  After the chamber's large door was sealed last week, air was pumped out to near-vacuum pressure, liquid nitrogen in the walls dropped the temperature to minus 130 degrees Celsius, and a bank of powerful lamps simulated the intensity of sunshine on Mars.After the test period, the rover along with other portions of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory spacecraft including the cruise stage, descent stage and backshell -- part of protective covering -- will be shipped to the Kennedy Space Center for final preparation for the launch window from Nov. 25 to Dec. 18, 2011. Curiosity will study whether a selected area of Mars has offered environmental conditions favorable for microbial life and for preserving evidence about whether Martian life has existed.

BEIJING, March 27 (Xinhua) -- China's search giant Baidu has pledged to remove all unauthorized literary works from its free online literary database Wenku within three days.After receiving requests from copyright owners to remove their works, Baidu has sped up its process of checking for unauthorized items. The unauthorized works were uploaded by Internet users to Wenku without prior approval from the authors, a spokesman for the Chinese search engine giant said in a statement.In the statement issued Saturday, Baidu apologized for what has "hurt the feelings of a certain number of writers" during Wenku's previous stage of operation, according to a report published Sunday by daily newspaper The Beijing News.Baidu said it respects copyright laws and will continue to cooperate with publishers and writers to establish a revenue-sharing model that will ensure that copyright owners receive a share of revenues from online versions of their works.Hailing Baidu's move to remove the unauthorized works, Wang Yefei, deputy head of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Copyrights hopes that Baidu and the publishers should work together to find win-win methods of mutual cooperation, according to the newspaper.However, some writers involved in the copyright row are dissatisfied with remedies Baidu has so far taken.Shen Haobo, CEO of Beijing Motie Book Co. Ltd, one of the six negotiators representing writers in Thursday's negotiations, told the Beijing Youth Daily that Baidu apologized only because of public pressure, but it did not mean to alter its current operation model for Wenku."Without changes in the operation model, the unauthorized works, even if removed now, could be uploaded again sometime later. Besides, it's unacceptable that Baidu reiterated that it had not infringed on our copyright," Shen was quoted as saying.Popular writer and blogger Han Han posted an open letter he wrote to Baidu's CEO Li Yanhong in his blog, indicating that he might take further actions to uphold his rights if Baidu's stance remains unchanged.Baidu's online literary database Wenku is an open platform for online resource sharing. It has been in operation since 2009.More than 40 Chinese writers posted an open letter online on March 15, accusing Baidu of stealing their works and infringing on their copyrights. Baidu's Wenku database was blamed for allowing literary works to become available online without the authors' prior approval.Baidu was asked to make a public apology, compensate for the writers' losses and halt any cases of copyright infringement.

BEIJING, Jan. 24 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao called on the public to give suggestions on the government work during his visit to central China's Henan Province on Friday and Saturday.Wen visited urban communities and villages in Henan to hear citizens' voices, to prepare for the Report on the Work of the Government, which he will deliver at the National People's Congress in March.He made his first stop at a renovated shanty-town in the city of Hebi, an industrial city reliant on coal mining.Wen visited the family of Song Helian, a factory worker who has just moved from a 50-square-meter room to a three-bedroom apartment.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R, front), who is also a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, attends a symposium in Hebi, central China's Henan Province, Jan. 21, 2011. Wen Jiabao visited urban communities and villages in Henan on Jan. 21 and 22 to hear citizens' voices, to prepare for the Report on the Work of the Government, which he will deliver at the National People's Congress in March. He told local cadres the renovation of shantytowns has a direct bearing on people's livelihoods and must be carried out successfully.During his meeting with residents of a community, Wen told them, "The job of the government is to serve the people and to secure a better life for the people. You are in the best position to criticize the government's work report and the next five-year plan."The residents and Wen talked about recent price rises, medical insurance and employment for laid-off workers among other things.During a visit to a village, Wen met with villagers and stressed the importance of agricultural technology.Wen also called for greater efforts to improve rural health facilities.

BEIJING, Feb. 8 (Xinhua) -- China would continue expanding its radio and television networks coverage in the country's rural areas in the 2011-2015 period, according to the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (SARFT).In the five-year period, efforts would focus on ensuring access to radio and TV services in those villages with less than 20 households, the SARFT said in a statement.It noted that China's other villages which had more than 20 households were already covered by the radio and TV networks, thanks to government's continuous efforts in this regard.China's central and local governments poured over 15.7 billion yuan (2.38 billion U.S. dollars) into the upgrading of the radio and TV networks in the country's rural areas in 2006-2010.Official figures indicated that 96.31 percent and 97.23 percent of China's population had access to radio and TV services respectively in 2009. The ratio was 86.02 percent and 87.68 percent respectively in 1997.