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WASHINGTON (AP) — Behind America's late leap into orbit and triumphant small step on the moon was the agile mind and guts-of-steel of Chris Kraft, making split-second decisions that propelled the nation to once unimaginable heights.Kraft, the creator and longtime leader of NASA's Mission Control, died Monday in Houston, just two days after the 50th anniversary of what was his and NASA's crowning achievement: Apollo 11's moon landing. He was 95.Christopher Columbus Kraft Jr. never flew in space, but "held the success or failure of American human spaceflight in his hands," Neil Armstrong, the first man-on-the-moon, told The Associated Press in 2011.Kraft founded Mission Control and created the job of flight director — later comparing it to an orchestra conductor — and established how flights would be run as the space race between the U.S. and Soviets heated up. The legendary engineer served as flight director for all of the one-man Mercury flights and seven of the two-man Gemini flights, helped design the Apollo missions that took 12 Americans to the moon from 1969 to 1972 and later served as director of the Johnson Space Center until 1982, overseeing the beginning of the era of the space shuttle.Armstrong once called him "the man who was the 'Control' in Mission Control.""From the moment the mission starts until the moment the crew is safe on board a recovery ship, I'm in charge," Kraft wrote in his 2002 book "Flight: My Life in Mission Control.""No one can overrule me. ... They can fire me after it's over. But while the mission is under way, I'm Flight. And Flight is God."NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine Monday called Kraft "a national treasure," saying "We stand on his shoulders as we reach deeper into the solar system, and he will always be with us on those journeys."Kraft became known as "the father of Mission Control" and in 2011 NASA returned the favor by naming the Houston building that houses the nerve center after Kraft."It's where the heart of the mission is," Kraft said in an April 2010 AP interview. "It's where decisions are made every day, small and large ... We realized that the people that had the moxie, that had the knowledge, were there and could make the decisions."That's what Chris Kraft's Mission Control was about: smart people with knowledge discussing options quickly and the flight director making a quick, informed decision, said former Smithsonian Institution space historian Roger Launius. It's the place that held its collective breath as Neil Armstrong was guiding the Eagle lunar lander on the moon while fuel was running out. And it's the place that improvised a last-minute rescue of Apollo 13 — a dramatic scenario that later made the unsung engineers heroes in a popular movie.Soon it became more than NASA's Mission Control. Hurricane forecasting centers, city crisis centers, even the Russian space center are all modeled after the Mission Control that Kraft created, Launius said.Leading up to the first launch to put an American, John Glenn, in orbit, a reporter asked Kraft about the odds of success and he replied: "If I thought about the odds at all, we'd never go to the pad.""It was a wonderful life. I can't think of anything that an aeronautical engineer would get more out of, than what we were asked to do in the space program, in the '60s," Kraft said on NASA's website marking the 50th anniversary of the agency in 2008.In the early days of Mercury at Florida's Cape Canaveral, before Mission Control moved to Houston in 1965, there were no computer displays, "all you had was grease pencils," Kraft recalled. The average age of the flight control team was 26; Kraft was 38."We didn't know a damn thing about putting a man into space," Kraft wrote in his autobiography. "We had no idea how much it should or would cost. And at best, we were engineers trained to do, not business experts trained to manage."NASA trailed the Soviet space program and suffered through many failed launches in the early days, before the manned flights began in 1961. Kraft later recalled thinking President John F. Kennedy "had lost his mind" when in May 1961 he set as a goal a manned trip to the moon "before this decade is out.""We had a total of 15 minutes of manned spaceflight experience, we hadn't flown Mercury in orbit yet, and here's a guy telling me we're going to fly to the moon. ... Doing it was one thing, but doing it in this decade was to me too risky," Kraft told AP in 1989."Frankly it scared the hell out of me," he said at a 2009 lecture at the Smithsonian.One of the most dramatic moments came during Scott Carpenter's May 1962 mission as the second American to orbit the earth. Carpenter landed 288 miles off target because of low fuel and other problems. He was eventually found safely floating in his life raft. Kraft blamed Carpenter for making poor decisions. Tom Wolfe's book "The Right Stuff" said Kraft angrily vowed that Carpenter "will never fly for me again!" But Carpenter said he did the best he could when the machinery malfunctioned.After the two-man Gemini flights, Kraft moved up NASA management to be in charge of manned spaceflight and was stunned by the Apollo 1 training fire that killed three astronauts.Gene Kranz, who later would become NASA's flight director for the Apollo mission that took man to the moon, said Kraft did not at first impress him as a leader. But Kranz eventually saw Kraft as similar to a judo instructor, allowing his student to grow in skills, then stepping aside."Chris Kraft had pioneered Mission Control and fought the battles in Mercury and Gemini, serving as the role model of the flight director. He proved the need for real-time leadership," Kranz wrote in his book, "Failure Is Not An Option: Mission Control from Mercury to Apollo 13 and Beyond."NASA eventually beat Kennedy's deadline, landing the first men on the moon in July 1969. Kranz watched from Mission Control as his underlings controlled Apollo 11, but then for the near-disaster in flight on Apollo 13, he stepped in for the key decisions. He later became head of NASA's Johnson Space Center.Born in 1924, Kraft grew up in Phoebus, Va., now part of Hampton, about 75 miles southeast of Richmond. In his autobiography, Kraft said with the name Christopher Columbus Kraft Jr., "some of my life's direction was settled from the start."After graduating from Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1944, Kraft took a job with aircraft manufacturer Chance Vought to build warplanes, but he quickly realized it wasn't for him. He returned to Virginia where he accepted a job with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, not far from Phoebus.Kraft's first job was to figure out what happens to airplanes as they approach the speed of sound.After his retirement, Kraft served as an aerospace consultant and was chairman of a panel in the mid-1990s looking for a cheaper way to manage the shuttle program. Kraft's panel recommended a contractor take over the day-to-day operations of the shuttle.Later, as the space shuttle program was being phased out after 30 years, Kraft blasted as foolish the decision to retire the shuttles, which he called "the safest machines ever built." He said President Barack Obama's plan to head toward an asteroid and Mars instead of the moon was "all hocus-pocus."Kraft said he considered himself fortunate to be part of the team that sent Americans to space and called it a sad day when the shuttles stopped flying."The people of Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo are blossoms on the moon. Their spirits will live there forever," he wrote. "I was part of that crowd, then part of the leadership that opened space travel to human beings. We threw a narrow flash of light across our nation's history. I was there at the best of times."Kraft and his wife, Betty Anne, were married in 1950. They had a son, Gordon, and a daughter, Kristi-Anne. 7877

VISTA, Calif. (KGTV) - With dozens of recipes up her sleeve, a Vista grandmother is on a mission to connect generations. "I found out very easily the way to anybody's heart is through baking!" said Terry Chamberlin. Chamberlin says she's lucky to be a grandmother to four."But then my son had an opportunity to move out of state, he took with him, against my will, three of my grandchildren!"She was scared to lose connection with her grandchildren, so she got creative.Chamberlin would send a box of homemade cookies with sides of frosting and sprinkles. Over Skype, she would decorate the cookies with her grandkids."It's so hard at Christmas time or their birthday to buy them a gift if you don't know them very well. So by staying connected by Skype, you get to see what they like and what shirts they're wearing and what their favorite color is," said Chamberlin.When friends started hearing about this, they wanted to do something similar with their loved ones.Chamberlin decided to start a business, called Gramma in a Box.For , you receive a themed box with three projects. Customers can get a monthly subscription or choose a plan that works best for them. The cookies come baked, and few household items are needed."The time you get to spend with your children or your grandchildren, or standing back and watching them be creative, that's worth more than a month to me."So far, she has about a hundred customers. For her, success means connecting loved ones. "I think kids do need a connection with their grandparents," said Chamberlin. You can learn more about Gramma in a Box here. 1609

VISTA, Calif. (KGTV) -- The San Diego District Attorney is expected to decide later this week whether there should be a new trial in the case of Kellen Winslow Junior.Tuesday morning, the judge declared a mistrial after the jury said it was deadlocked on eight remaining counts. The counts include kidnapping, forcible rape and forcible oral copulation involving a hitchhiker last year in Encinitas and forcible rape and rape of an unconscious person for an alleged attack on a teenager at a party in Scripps Ranch back in 2003 when she was 17 and Winslow was 19. The other counts the jury deadlocked on are willful cruelty to an elder and battery against an elder. The prosecutor said the jurors were leaning toward conviction. "On each one of the counts, there were a majority of jurors who voted in favor of guilt. They voted 10-2 in favor of guilt on forcible sodomy of Jane Doe 2. They voted 10-2 in favor of guilt for the forcible rape of Jane Doe 4. They voted 10-2 in favor of guilt on the counts of elder abuse and elder battery regarding Jane Doe 5 and then they voted 8-4 in favor of guilt on the rape of an unconscious person for Jane Doe 4 and they voted 7-5 in favor of guilt on the kidnap for rape, forcible oral copulation and and forcible rape of Jane Doe 1," said Prosecutor Dan Owens. Defense attorneys said the deadlocked jury shows there were credibility issues among the accusers. RELATED: Winslow II found guilty of rape, lewd conduct, indecent exposure"Credibility is the issue in this case. There was no corroborating evidence whatsoever, it's just people's word," said defense attorney Brian Watkins. The case involved 12 counts and the testimony of 5 women."We were always concerned about trying the cases together. Our position was always that these cases would not be able to stand alone. We fought to keep the cases separate. We lost that battle. We took on all these cases at once and we still prevailed to the point that we did not get convicted of everything and we have more litigation to do," said Watkins. Monday afternoon, the jury convicted Winslow of raping a 58-year-old homeless woman in Encinitas last year. Jurors also found the former NFL tight end guilty of indecent exposure and lewd conduct involving two other women. He was acquitted of a second count of lewd conduct involving one of those women. Watkins said they'll appeal the three convictions. "We won't be satisfied until he's exonerated and he's back home with his family," said Watkins. RELATED: Jurors request clarifications from judge as Winslow deliberations continueWinslow is facing 9 years in prison on the convictions, but if he had been convicted of raping more than one woman he could've been sentenced to life in prison. "Right now, he's facing eight years in state prison, life time sex offender registration for the forcible rape of Jane Doe 2. He'd be facing an additional 6 months for each 1 of the misdemeanor counts of indecent exposure and lewd acts committed against Jane Does 3 and 5, for a total of potentially 9 years in prison," said Owens. Sentencing is on hold until a decision is made about a new trial. Winslow's father, Kellen Winslow Senior, a Chargers Hall of Famer attended every day of the trial, but declined to talk to the media. A hearing is scheduled for 10 a.m. Friday on setting a new trial. "Ten jurors did feel very strongly that he had committed forcible sexual offenses against more than one victim, that would lead to a lifetime prison term and that will be another factor we will consider very strongly in determining how to proceed with the case," said Owens. 3618

WASHINGTON (AP) — A new study finds climate change is making stronger El Ninos, which change weather worldwide and heat up an already warming planet.Scientists looked at 33 El Ninos since 1901. This natural weather phenomenon is the warming of equatorial Pacific that triggers weather extremes across the globe.Since the 1970s, scientists have found El Ninos are forming farther to the west in warmer waters.Researchers led by the University of Hawaii say this leads to some stronger El Ninos.This is important because El Nino —especially strong ones — can trigger drought in some places, like Australia and India. And it can cause flooding in other areas like California.The study is in Monday's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 753

VISTA, Calif. (KGTV) -- California could become the first state in the nation to use recycled plastic as part of its roads and freeways.The state Senate unanimously passed SB 1238, which directs Caltrans to study the use of plastics in asphalt for construction, or repair of a state highway or road."There's no other state in the nation that has more paved roads in California," said Sen. Ben Hueso, who wrote the bill. "So, imagine if California developed the use for a product that it's abundant in … This would be a game changer. This would be a great way to reuse plastic.”That's especially important now, as China has stopped buying recycled materials from the U.S. Prior to 2018, California sent 2/3 of its recyclable materials to China, which has since banned all plastic trash imports.Now, instead of going into the landfill, it could go into California’s roads."It would help create jobs in our state. It would help a local contractor that we have in our county, it would help improve the sturdiness of our roads and reduce the maintenance of our roads," said Hueso.Hueso said he got the idea from a group of students at Bonita Vista High School in Chula Vista. He met with their Progressive Club and Green Club, challenging them to find solutions.The students introduced Hueso to MacReber Southern California, a Vista company that takes plastic and prepares it to be used in asphalt."It makes too much sense not to do," said MacReber CEO Rebeca Sparks. "With this technology, we can truly offset our footprint, and not only offset it but be do more than that to be plastic positive."MacReber takes plastic out of the recycling and landfill chain, and then processes it. The company then sells the plastic to asphalt companies. They use the plastic mix instead of oil when making asphalt.MacReber said in addition to being more environmentally friendly, it also creates a stronger, sturdier road."It's going to look feel and move the same as a traditional asphalt," said MacReber President Chris Sparks. "But our product lends to a stronger, longer lasting asphalt road."Hueso said finding a use like this for all of the plastic waste produced in California is vital to the environment, especially now that China has stopped buying the state's plastic waste.The bill still has to get approval from the state Assembly, and then it would need the governor’s signature to become law.After that, Caltrans would be responsible for studying and implementing the idea. 2478