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WASHINGTON, April 3 (Xinhua) -- Scientists have confirmed that metabolic syndrome, a constellation of conditions that increases the risk of heart disease and diabetes, may also increase the risk of the two most common types of liver cancer, according to data presented at the American Association for Cancer Research's 102nd Annual Meeting 2011, held in Orlando, Florida on April 2-6.Katherine McGlynn, a senior investigator at the National Cancer Institute, said approximately one-third of the U.S. population has metabolic syndrome, which is defined as the co-occurrence of at least three of the following five conditions: raised blood pressure, elevated waist circumference, low HDL or "good" cholesterol, raised triglyceride levels and raised fasting plasma glucose levels.According to McGlynn, persons with these conditions may be at increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.For the current study, researchers identified 3,649 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 743 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. They compared the medical history of these patients with the medical histories of 195,953 cancer-free adults.Statistical analyses showed that the persons with liver cancer were significantly more likely than cancer-free persons to have a prior history of metabolic syndrome: 37.1 percent of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had pre-existing metabolic syndrome, as did 29.7 percent of patients with intrahepatic carcinoma; only 17.1 percent of the cancer-free adults had metabolic syndrome.Liver cancer incidence has been rising since the 1980s in the United States. The factors related to the increase are not well understood. "A lot of attention has focused on viral risk factors, but a significant part of the increase may be due to metabolic syndrome, as well as to diabetes and obesity," said McGlynn."The prognosis for liver cancer is only marginally better than the prognosis for pancreatic cancer, with a five-year survival of approximately 10 percent," she said. "Prognosis is more favorable, however, when liver cancers are diagnosed at early stages when they are small and localized to the liver."

LOS ANGELES, May 14 (Xinhua) -- Thousands of visitors, many of them children, went to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California for the annual open house Saturday to experience the excitement in explorations.To many visitors, the open house is a rare opportunity to see the federally funded research and development center and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) field center, which is close to the public. JPL is managed by California Institute of Technology.The event, themed "The Excitement in Explorations," provides visitors with the chance to share in the wonders of space through high-definition and 3-D videos, live demonstrations, interactions with scientists and engineers, and a first look at JPL's new Earth Science Center.The Earth Science Center showcases the home planet and JPL's Earth science missions. Since it was the first time open to the public, it attracted many visitors who had to wait for over an hour to get admitted.Visitors first passed by two touchscreens located on opposite walls of the facility that control real-time views of "Eyes on the Earth," an interactive 3-D visualization website. Visitors also had the opportunity to watch a movie in the 3-D theater, which seats up to 40 people.Other Open House highlights include: A chance to see the most unique car in this world before it leaves Earth: The next rover bound for Mars, Mars Science Laboratory/Curiosity, in the "clean room" before it is shipped to Florida for a November 2011 launch.JPL further runs its own "reality TV show" via live-streaming webcam: http://www.ustream.tv/nasajpl.The life-size rover models in a "Mars" test bed is another attraction and a perennial crowd-pleaser. Named the Robo-Dome, it is where visitors could see a pair of 700-pound robots gliding in a high-tech arena under artificial stars.The Robo-Dome is used to simulate complex maneuvers that could be used for future space missions.The year 2011 is an exciting year for JPL's robotic explorers. In the past twelve months, two spacecraft made close encounters of comets. This summer, the Dawn spacecraft will arrive at the giant asteroid Vesta.In 2011, JPL will launch the Aquarius satellite studying Earth' s ocean, the Juno mission to Jupiter, the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory's twin spacecraft to Earth's moon, and JPL's next-generation rover - Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity.

NEW DELHI, March 5 (Xinhua) -- Doctors in India have claimed to have successfully performed a rare robotic heart surgery on a 23- year-old person at a hospital in the southern Indian city of Chennai, local media reported Saturday.Dr. R. Ravi Kumar, the Director of the Institute of Cardiovascular Disease at the Chettinad Health City, said the robotically assisted procedure involved replacing both the mitral and the aortal valve simultaneously.The surgery carried out on D. Vijayakanth, an auto driver from Vellore, was done by a three armed robot, took four hours and cost 225,000 rupees (4,500 U.S. dollars)."The best part about using a robot in cardiac surgery is that the patient's heart need not be opened and the surgery can be done using a small 4cm incision. This is not possible with normal surgeries without a robot," Dr Ravi Kumar was quoted by local daily The Times of India as saying.Robotic surgery, which is fairly new in the country, can be used for a gamut of medical procedures, said Dr Ravi Kumar."It requires a lot of precision and intense training because though the robotic hands do the surgery, it has to be controlled by a trained surgeon. One of the biggest disadvantages is the lack of sensory perception which is there when the surgeon actually does the surgery himself," he said.

WASHINGTON, April 25 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) have agreed to expand their joint efforts to overcome international development challenges such as food security, climate change, and energy and environmental management.NASA Administrator Charles Bolden and USAID Administrator Rajiv Shah signed a five-year memorandum of understanding on Monday, at NASA Headquarters. The agreement formalizes ongoing agency collaborations that use Earth science data to address developmental challenges, and to assist in disaster mitigation and humanitarian responses. The agreement also encourages NASA and USAID to apply geospatial technologies to solve development challenges affecting the United States and developing countries."Technologies for NASA missions have long improved life here on Earth. Together with USAID, we'll meet even more sustainable development challenges here on the ground, solving problems for the world community," Bolden said in a statement. "As we explore space, we'll also be exploring solutions to important health, nutritional and safety challenges in developing countries."The agencies will continue collaborations to stimulate innovative science and technology solutions to international development challenges by using Earth science data, research results, computer models, visualization applications and remote- sensing techniques.USAID is the lead federal development agency implementing U.S. development efforts through field-based programs and projects around the world. NASA has broad experience with Earth science research, development of Earth science information products, and technology applications."Through our partnership with NASA, we can apply the latest, cutting-edge technology to deliver meaningful results for people in developing countries in areas like health, food security and water," Shah said. "It's a prime example of our efforts to use the power of science and technology to tackle today's pressing development challenges."Since 2003, NASA and USAID have worked together building and expanding the SERVIR program, which allows people in developing regions to use Earth observations for addressing challenges in agriculture, biodiversity conservation, climate change, disaster response, weather forecasting, and energy and health issues.The agencies also collaborate on the LAUNCH program, which supports science and technology innovators in the nonprofit and private sectors. The program's goal is improving innovations to achieve greater impact on sustainability issues.