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BEIJING, Oct. 16 (Xinhua) -- When the 18 farmers in east China's Anhui Province, their bellies rumbling, stamped red fingerprints on the land-contracting agreement three decades ago, they never expected they might be making history."We had no other choice," said 70-year-old Yan Lixue. Prior to World Food Day this Saturday, he recalled the bitterness and successes from those past days.The elderly man used to be head of the production team at Xiaogang Village in Fengyang County.At that time, Fengyang was dubbed the "hometown of beggars", and was infamous for its poverty. It was the hometown of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor (1368-98) of the Ming Dynasty. Ironically, Zhu, started as an insurrectionary army leader, though he used to be a beggar, too. The local opera in Fengyang was said to be sung for begging, at the beginning.With stubble on his square chin, Yan said his only memory of those days was hunger."At that time, we ate from the 'big cooking pot'," he recalled. The "big cooking pot" referred to the public kitchen. Establishment of the Peoples' Commune was made official state policy in 1958. In the Commune, everything was shared and people were encouraged to eat in the commune's kitchen. Private cooking was then banned and replaced by communal dining.But the food from the "big cooking pot" was not enough. In Yan's memory, the days were horrible when there were fewer than 0.25 kilograms of grain per person."Sometimes people ate wild herbs or bark from the trees," he said.As a result, 67 people died of hunger during the Great Leap Forward from 1959 to 1961 when six out of over 30 households in Xiaogang disappeared. In Fengyang, 90,000 people, or one in four people, died."Sometimes you would see a person tumble and never stand up again," Yan said.The nightmare was shared by another villager, Guan Youjiang."I had four children. When they cried with hunger, my heart ached," he recalled. In his home there were only pots and beds.Yan went out to beg in 1976. At first he begged in nearby Huaiyuan County, and then roamed further to the richer Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.He then refused to lead the production team any more. "The young people mostly went out to beg and few were left to work on the field."In fact, they were not allowed to beg all year long. "We took turns going out. There had to be someone working for the village."Realizing that they could starve to death, Yan believed that they had nothing to lose, although "signing the land contracting agreement could mean severe penalties, like imprisonment or even execution," he said.

UNITED NATIONS, Oct. 7 (Xinhua) -- China on Thursday called on all states to make joint efforts to advance the international disarmament, arms control and non-proliferation process.Wang Qun, the Chinese ambassador for disarmament affairs, made the appeal in a speech delivered at the General Debate of the First Committee of the 65th Session of the UN General Assembly."We welcome the positive progress that has been made in the international arms control and disarmament field since the beginning of this year. To advance the international disarmament, arms control and non-proliferation process, joint and unremitting efforts are called for on the part of the entire international community," Wang said.He said that China welcomes the recent signing of a new bilateral nuclear disarmament treaty between the United States and the Russian Federation, and wishes to see the early ratification of the treaty."In the meantime, we hope that they, as countries with largest nuclear arsenals and special and primary responsibility for nuclear disarmament, will continue to make drastic and substantive reductions in their nuclear arsenals, so as to create the necessary conditions for the ultimate realization of complete and thorough nuclear disarmament," he said."When conditions are ripe, other nuclear-weapon states should also join the multilateral negotiations on nuclear disarmament," he added.On issues concerning nuclear non-proliferation, Wang urged the international community to work to safeguard the international nuclear non-proliferation regime and strengthen the safeguards function of the International Atomic Energy Agency."It is essential that all states strictly fulfill their non- proliferation obligations and strengthen their export control systems," he said. "Practices of utilizationism and double standards should be discarded."The ambassador stressed that China wishes to see peaceful solution to regional nuclear issues through dialogues and negotiations, and hopes that the six-party talks on the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula could be resumed and the dialogue between Iran and E3+3 -- the United States, Russia, Britain, China, France and Germany -- could be restarted at an early date.REVITALIZING DISARMAMENT TALKSWang highlighted the importance of revitalizing the work of the Conference on Disarmament (CD) so as to take forward multilateral disarmament negotiations."We are of the view that CD's position and role are irreplaceable," he said.In this regard, Wang stressed the three essential principles in advancing the work of CD -- enhance CD's authority and position; respect CD's rules of procedure, particularly its consensus rule; and treat the legitimate security concerns of each member state as equal and address them in an earnest manner."China, for its part, has all along been active and supportive of CD's work," he said."In the meantime, it is also imperative that CD reactivate its substantive work on such core issues as the prevention of an arms race in outer space, nuclear disarmament and security assurances for non-nuclear-weapon states," he added.SAFEGUARDING GLOBAL COMMON SPACEThe ambassador also called for the "active pursuit of a preventive diplomacy in safeguarding a global common space," including outer space and cyber space."Outer space is the common wealth of mankind, and the peaceful use and exploration of outer space is in the interest of the whole human-being," he said, urging the early conclusion of a new legal instrument on the prevention of weaponization in outer space.Cyber space constitutes a new dimension of multilateral arms control diplomacy, Wang said."States should exercise effective administration over cyber space and maintain its security, and avoid it from becoming a new battlefield and a tool of interfering in other countries' internal affairs," he said.China hopes that the international community will work on the basis of a first UN report on the issue of information security to "explore effective ways of combating cyber threats and preserving the sound international cyber order," Wang added.

TALLINN, Sept. 22 (Xinhua) -- Li Changchun, a senior official of the Communist Party of China (CPC), opened here on Wednesday the first Confucius Institute in the Baltic region.Li, a member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee's Political Bureau, said he hopes the facility, jointly launched by Estonia's prestigious Tallinn University and China's Guangxi University with the help of the Chinese Language Council ( also known as Hanban), would serve as a regional center for spreading Chinese culture and offer quality courses for Estonians who are interested in the Chinese language and eager to understand the Chinese culture.Tallinn University is the sole university in this Baltic country that boasts a Chinese major. It has enrolled Chinese- learning students in the past two decades.Rein Raud, rector of the university, reached an agreement with China's Hanban to set up a Confucius Institute on campus during a visit to Beijing in February. Guangxi University was chosen at the time to be its Chinese partner.The Confucius Institute at Tallinn University will offer the public three-month-long courses that teach both the Chinese language and the Chinese culture.The first set of those courses has been overbooked by Estonians, as more and more people in the country become interested in the language and culture of a booming China.Li, while talking with students majoring in Chinese at Tallinn University, encouraged them to study hard and learn more about the Chinese culture."I hope you can be ambassadors of cultural exchanges between China and Estonia, proponents of bilateral economic and trade cooperation and even Sinologists," he said.He added that cultural exchanges are meaningful projects which can "sow the seeds of friendship between China and Estonia" and play an important role in the overall bilateral relationship."The steady development of state-to-state relations is based on favorable public opinions toward each other, which can be nurtured through cultural exchanges," he said.Raud said the establishment of the Confucius Institute at the university was a landmark event in Chinese language learning and the spread of the Chinese culture in Estonia.He pledged to work closely with Guangxi University to build the Confucius Institute into a center for spreading the Chinese culture in the Baltic region.Earlier in the day, Li met with a senior Estonian parliament member on bilateral relations.He also paid a visit to the Port of Tallinn and was briefed on its latest development plans. The port has been trying to build itself into a regional maritime transportation center by seeking support from Chinese partners.Li arrived in Tallinn on Tuesday for a three-day official goodwill visit. Estonia is the first leg of his four-nation tour which will also take him to Montenegro, Ireland and Iran.

SHANGHAI, Oct. 24 (Xinhua) -- The number of visitors to the Shanghai World Expo 2010 topped 70 million Sunday, meeting organizers' expectations, according to an announcement on the official Expo website.Total visitor arrivals broke the 70 million mark as of 10:17 a.m. Sunday and by 1:30 p.m. some 572,900 visitors had entered the Expo Park on Sunday, the 177th day since the event started, bringing the total number of visitors to 70.28 million."The news is exciting and it's also encouraging for the organizers," said an official with the Bureau of the Shanghai World Expo Coordination.During the eight years since China successfully won the bid to host the 2010 Expo, Vicente Loscertales, Secretary-General of the International Exposition Bureau (BIE), has been asked again and again what's the value of the World Expo when people can get so much information about countries and trade from the Internet.The Shanghai Expo, the first such global event hosted by a developing country in the history of the World Expo, shows to the world that such an event is still relevant, as the huge number of visitors illustrate."You have achieved new records: a record number of participants, a record number of visitors, and you have built the largest site ever," said Loscertales on Oct. 1."I thought Canada was pretty amazing. Not to mention Italy and France, and you just have to go to Thailand!" "How far is it from Morocco to Monaco exactly?" ... this kind of conversation can be frequently heard at the Expo site.People wait in long queues outside the different pavilions, sometimes for 12 hours, to taste a little bit of the world.Mei Haixing, 59, a retired teacher in Shanghai, has so far visited the Expo 28 times.He has written a 400-page diary including pictures, souvenirs and signatures from the different pavilion curators."The Expo is like a huge museum of the different cultures of the world," he said.Sheng Banghe, sociologist with the Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, said what the Chinese are pursuing is no longer at the material level, but the spiritual."They are not satisfied with their current knowledge and entertainment," said Sheng.Many migrant workers have also visited the Expo.Liu Huafeng, a construction worker in Shanghai from central China's Henan Province said he only found out how wonderful urban life could be after visiting the Expo.Although there is still a long way to go to realize migrant workers like Liu's dream of having a better life in cities, the government has already started to think about the problems of urbanization and is trying to find solutions to them.The Shanghai Expo has enjoyed participants from 246 countries and international organizations. It also set a record for the maximum attendance on a single day on Oct. 16 with 1.03 million people visiting it then.Loscertales said the overwhelming success of Shanghai Expo 2010 will inspire future hosts of the event.Already some countries have showed willingness to host the 2020 World Expo, including Thailand.During the last week of the Expo from Oct. 25 to 31 daily visitor numbers will be limited to 400,000 to 500,000, said Huang Jianzhi, deputy director general of the Bureau of Shanghai World Expo Coordination on Oct. 16.Organizers promised to continue to improve their service to visitors until the last day, and make it a "successful, splendid and unforgettable" Expo.