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WASHINGTON, Oct. 13 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have corrected sickle cell disease in adult laboratory mice that had been bred to have the inherited blood disorder by activating production of a special blood component, according to a study published online Thursday in the journal Science.Sickle cell disease results from an abnormality in hemoglobin, the protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. People living with sickle cell disease have two copies of an altered gene that produces sickle hemoglobin instead of normal adult hemoglobin. Sickle hemoglobin changes shape after releasing its oxygen, causing the red blood cell to become stiff, misshapen and sticky, and slowing blood flow to tissues. This process damages organs and causes pain.The study tested a new approach to increasing the production of a third form of hemoglobin -- fetal hemoglobin. Production of fetal hemoglobin predominates before birth, but turns off thereafter as adult hemoglobin production takes over. People with sickle cell disease are unable to make normal adult hemoglobin, and instead make sickle hemoglobin starting in infancy.An elevated level of fetal hemoglobin within the red blood cell reduces the tendency of sickle hemoglobin to change the shape of red blood cells. Considerable research has shown that the drug hydroxyurea increases production of fetal hemoglobin and reduces the number of pain crises and other complications of sickle cell disease in adults and children. However, not all patients respond well to hydroxyurea, and adverse side effects are a concern.The current study explores a more targeted approach to increasing fetal hemoglobin production. It builds upon earlier studies that discovered a protein called BCL11A normally suppresses the production of fetal hemoglobin soon after birth. The researchers viewed the BCL11A protein as a target for therapy and decided to see what would happen if they blocked production of the protein.The paper details how the research team silenced the mouse gene that produces the BCL11A protein in mice with sickle cell disease. Silencing the gene turned off production of the BCL11A protein and allowed the adult mice to continue to produce fetal hemoglobin. It appears to have eliminated disease symptoms without affecting other aspects of blood production."This discovery provides an important new target for future therapies in people with sickle cell disease," said Susan Shurin, acting director of the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, which co-funded the study. "More work is needed before it will be possible to test such therapies in people, but this study demonstrates that the approach works in principle."Approximately 100,000 Americans live with sickle cell disease. It is most prevalent in people of African, Hispanic, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern descent. There is no widely available cure for sickle cell disease. Bone marrow transplants have cured some patients, but the treatment is not without risk and most patients do not have relatives who can donate compatible and healthy bone marrow to them.

SHIJIAZHUANG, Oct. 16 (Xinhua) -- Chickens began being domesticated in China about 8,000 years ago, far earlier than in the rest of the world,according to a recent study on fossils uncovered in north China's Hebei Province.Archaeologists said they had unearthed 116 fossil specimens from 23 types of animals, including pig, dog, chicken, tortoise, fish, and clam, at the Cishan Site, a Neolithic village relic in the city of Wu'an.Several bone fragments were identified to be from domesticated chickens, said Qiao Dengyun, head of the Handan Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology."The chicken bones found at Cishan are slightly larger than wild jungle fowls, but smaller than that of a modern domesticated chicken," said Qiao.Qiao said the bone fossils date back to 6,000 BC, earlier than the oldest domesticated chicken previously discovered in India that dated back 4,000 years."Most of the bones were from cocks, indicating that ancient residents used the practice of killing cocks for their meat and raising hens for their eggs," said Qiao.The Cishan Site, which dates back 10,000 years, was first discovered in the 1970s. At the site, experts have found remnants of China's oldest cultivated millet as well as walnut shells, a discovery that challenged the popular belief that walnuts had been brought to China from what is now Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Central Asia.

BEIJING, Nov. 25 (Xinhua) -- The Ministry of Commerce (MOC) said Friday that it will start an investigation into the U.S. government's policy support and subsidies for its renewable energy sector over trade barrier concerns.The MOC will look into six renewable energy programs concerning wind, solar and hydroelectric energy in the states of Washington, Massachusetts, Ohio, New Jersey and California, the MOC said in a statement posted on its website.The investigation was applied for by the China Chamber of Commerce for Imports and Exports of Machinery and Electronic Products, as well as the new energy chamber of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce."The applicants argued that the U.S. government's policy support and subsidies for its renewable energy industry constitute a trade barrier, as they violate the rules of the World Trade Organization and have hindered and restricted the development of China's renewable energy sector," the statement said.The applicants requested the elimination of any negative influence from the U.S. government's policy support and subsidies in order to maintain a fair trade environment, according to the statement.The investigation will end before May 25, 2012, although it may be extended to August 25, 2012 under special circumstances, according to the statement.

BEIJING Jan. 10 (Xinhuanet) -- Scientists have found a plant in Brazil using leaves to capture the tiny worms in the soil, according to Monday's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the U.S.The plant, named Philcoxia, was found in the tropical grassland of Brazil, where the biodiversity is well conserved.As the scientists searching for the answer of why the plant grows the leaves underground, they found the 1.5 millimeters-wide leaves can trap the worms and produce a digestive enzyme to help its roots to absorb the nutrition.Although it is not the first meat-eating plant to be discovered, the finding has still "broaden up our perception about plants," according to researcher Rafael Silva Oliveira, a plant ecologist at the State University of Campinas in Brazil.It suggests that carnivorous plants "may have evolved independently more times in plants than previously thought," he added

BEIJING, Nov. 5 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao's speech at the sixth Group of Twenty (G-20) Summit has drawn positive comments from the international community, which praised the address for proposals for efforts to maintain world economic growth and financial stability.In the speech delivered at the Nov. 3-4 summit in Cannes, France, Hu put forward a package of proposals urging the world's major economies to work together to promote growth and financial stability."It is imperative that we stand on a higher plane, transcend differences on specific issues, move beyond short-term considerations, and jointly seek ways to overcome the crisis and sustain development," Hu told the summit.Chinese President Hu Jintao gives a speech at the Group of Twenty (G20) summit in Cannes, France, Nov. 4, 2011."At this critical moment, the G-20 must work to address the key problems, boost market confidence, defuse risks and meet challenges and promote global economic growth and financial stability," Hu said.Reporting developments at the G-20 summit, the Reuters news agency quoted Hu as saying in the speech: "As the premier forum for international economic cooperation, the G20 must continue to demonstrate the spirit of standing together in times of adversity and pursuing win-win cooperation. At this critical moment, the G20 must work to address the key problems, boost market confidence, defuse risks and meet challenges, and promote global economic growth and financial stability."Reuters also said Hu hopes to send a clear message of ensuring economic development and boosting stablity to the international community.The French newspaper Le Figaro reported that Hu expressed confidence that Europe could overcome its debt crisis.The website of Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil's daily newspaper, quoted Hu as saying that China has made contributions to world economic growth, and that an imperative task for the G-20 summit was to maintain economic growth.At the summit, Hu said that a priority for world leaders is to maintain robust economic growth, and called attention to the maintenance of domestic growth in China, which would benefit the world economy, the newspaper reported.The newspaper also cited Hu as calling for advancing reform of the international monetary system in a steady manner, expanding the use of the Special Drawing Rights of the IMF, reforming the SDR currency basket, and building an international reserve currency system with stable value, rule-based issuance and manageable supply.O Globo newspaper of Brazil reported that in the speech, Hu demanded that Western countries stop exerting pressures on emerging economic powers to compel them to appreciate their currencies.The newspaper quoted Hu as saying: "To keep asking emerging markets to revalue their currencies and reduce exports will not lead to balanced growth. On the contrary, it would only plunge the global economy into a 'balanced recession' and make sustainable growth impossible."In a related development, Robert Zoellick, president of the World Bank, issued a statement on the G-20 summit on Friday, saying: "The G-20 today presented an agenda to restore confidence in the global economy through its commitment to reinvigorate growth, create jobs, ensure financial stability, and make globalization more sustainable and inclusive."The global economy is still very much at risk from faltering economies in developing countries, and the Eurozone deal has bought some time, and the challenge is how to use the time, Zoellick said."I believe it would be very useful if the G20 leaders can send a strong signal on follow-through after the Eurozone announcement so as to sustain and build confidence," Zoellick noted.