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WASHINGTON, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- Breastfeeding protects against childhood obesity, but less than 4 percent of U.S. hospitals provide the full range of support mothers need for breastfeeding, according to a report issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Tuesday.Improving rates of breastfeeding by providing better hospital support to mothers and babies is an important strategy to improve children's health, including a reduced risk of childhood obesity, the monthly Vital Signs report said."Hospitals play a vital role in supporting a mother to be able to breastfeed," it said."Those first few hours and days that a mom and her baby spend learning to breastfeed are critical. Hospitals need to better support breastfeeding, as this is one of the most important things a mother can do for her newborn. Breastfeeding helps babies grow up healthy and reduces health care costs," it added.The report found only 14 percent of hospitals have a written and model breastfeeding policy.It also found in nearly 80 percent of hospitals, healthy breastfeeding infants are given formula when it is not medically necessary, a practice that makes it much harder for mothers and babies to learn how to breastfeed and continue breastfeeding at home.Additionally, only one-third of hospitals practise rooming in, which helps mothers and babies learn to breastfeed by allowing frequent chances to breastfeed.Finally, the report found in nearly 75 percent of hospitals, mothers and babies don't get the support they need when they leave hospitals, including a follow-up visit, a phone call from hospital staff and referrals to lactation consultants, and other important support systems in their communities.

WASHINGTON, June 6 (Xinhua) -- Women who have higher levels of the appetite-controlling hormone leptin have fewer symptoms of depression, and this apparent inverse relationship is not related to body mass index (BMI), a new study finds. The results were presented Monday at The Endocrine Society's 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston, the United States."Animal data suggest that leptin may reduce anxiety and improve depression. Our study in women suggests that leptin may indeed have antidepressant qualities," said the study's lead author, Elizabeth Lawson, of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston.Leptin, the product of fat cells, signals satiety, or fullness. It is low in thin women and high in obese women, according to Lawson. She also said there is an increased prevalence of anxiety and depression in certain conditions in which leptin levels are typically low. These include the eating disorder anorexia nervosa, in which there is abnormally low weight and body fat, and functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, in which women have stopped menstruating despite having normal weight."It is unknown whether low leptin levels contribute to the development of mood disorders in these women," Lawson said.She and her co-workers studied the relationship between leptin levels and symptoms of anxiety and depression in 64 women. Fifteen of the women had anorexia nervosa, 12 were normal weight with hypothalamic amenorrhea, 20 were normal weight and in good health, and 17 were overweight or obese but still healthy.All subjects were asked questions to assess symptoms of depression and anxiety, with high scores indicating more symptoms. Besides measuring leptin levels in the blood, the researchers assessed the women's BMI, a measure of weight for height.The relationship between leptin and depression symptoms was independent of BMI. This finding indicates that leptin may mediate symptoms of depression and that this effect is not a function of low weight, Lawson said."Further research administering leptin to humans will be important in understanding whether this hormone has a potential role in the treatment of depression," she said.

SAN FRANCISCO, June 1 (Xinhua) -- Microsoft on Wednesday gave a preview of its next-generation operating system code-named "Windows 8."The software giant introduced the successor to Windows 7 at the ninth edition of The Wall Street Journal's Digital: All Things Digital in Rancho Palos Verdes, California, some 48 km south of Los Angeles.With an interface quite different from legacy Windows, Windows 8 looks more like Windows Phone 7 and features an app management from Windows mobile operating system. It is the first major attempt by Microsoft to expand a mobile operating system to desktop status, and is expected to be touch-friendly and work seamlessly on desktops, laptops and tablet computers.For legacy Windows users, they need to swipe up from the bottom of the screen to get to the Windows 7-based view. Microsoft said the new system will be compatible with all Windows 7 logo PCs, software and peripherals.During the demonstration, Steven Sinofsky, Microsoft's head of Windows, also said the importance of not abandoning the established technologies from the traditional PC. "The mouse and the keyboard aren't evil. They're just tools. There are a number of applications that require the greater precision offered by the mouse." said Sinofsky.Sinofsky did not say when Windows 8 would be available.Although there are some tablets running Microsoft's current Windows 7 operating system, the software giant has been criticized for failing to adequately respond to the fast growth of tablet computers, like Apple's iPad.

BEIJING, Aug. 22 (Xinhuanet) -- Researchers have discovered how a human egg captures an incoming sperm for fertilization, paving the way to help couples suffering from infertility, according to media reports on Monday.An international team of researchers found that a sugar chain known as the sialyl-lewis-x sequence (SLeX) makes the outer coat of the egg “sticky,” which has proven to be helpful in binding the egg and the sperm.As a result, this observation has filled in a huge gap in the understanding of fertility and provides hope for ultimately helping couples who currently cannot conceive.Scientists and doctors know that a sperm identifies an egg when proteins on the head of the sperm match and bind to a series of specific sugars in the egg’s outer coating. With a successful match of proteins, the outside surfaces of the sperm and egg then bind together before merging, which is then followed by delivery of sperm’s DNA into egg.To identify this molecules, the researchers used ultra-sensitive mass-spectrometric imaging technology to observe and identify which molecules are most likely to be key in the binding process.They experimented with a range of synthesised sugars in the laboratory and found that it is SLeX that specifically binds sperm to an egg.According to the World Health Organisation, infertility affects about 15 percent of reproductive-aged couples around the world and almost one in every seven couples in Britain has problems conceiving a child for various reasons.

LOS ANGELES, June 5 (Xinhua) -- A latest study has found no evidence that screening for ovarian cancer may reduce the risk of dying from the disease, it was reported on Sunday.Screening, however, does increase the likelihood of unnecessary invasive procedures, according to researchers at the University of Utah.The researchers presented their findings at an on-going meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago, The Los Angeles Times said.Researchers studied 78,216 women, ages 55 to 74, who participated in the National Cancer Institute's Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Half of the women received the usual care from their OB-gyns, and half received a CA 125 screening every year for six years and an ultrasound every year for four years. They were then followed for a maximum of 12 years.The researchers observed 212 ovarian cancers in the screened group and 176 in the normal care group. There were 118 ovarian cancer deaths in the screened group and 100 in the normal care group. The differences were not statistically significant. Overall, there were 2,924 deaths from all causes in the screened group and 2,914 in the normal care group.But the researchers also observed that 3,285 women had false- positive diagnoses from the screening. Among those, 1,080 underwent surgery that included an oophorectomy (surgical removal of one or both ovaries). Fifteen percent of those who had surgery developed major complications as a result. Overall, 1,771 women in the screened group (7.7 percent) had an oophorectomy, compared with 1,304 in the normal care group (5.8 percent)."We conclude that annual screening for ovarian cancer ... does not reduce disease-specific mortality in women at average risk for ovarian cancer but does increase invasive medical procedures and associated harms," the researchers said in the study.New data presented at the meeting also showed that the widely used cancer drug Avastin can improve treatment of ovarian cancer, The Times said.About 21,880 American women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer each year and about 13,850 die from it, according to the American Cancer Society. Because it produces few symptoms, the disease is typically not diagnosed until it has become advanced and spread throughout the body. As a result, five-year survival is only about 30 percent, and the disease is one of the five most deadly cancers among women. Being able to detect the cancer at an earlier stage when it might be more curable could thus, theoretically, improve the survival rate.The tests most commonly used to detect ovarian cancer include a transvaginal ultrasound to look for tumor masses and a blood test that screens for increased levels of a tumor marker called CA 125.