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While experts are encouraged by early vaccine data, many still say there is a way to go before life returns to normalcy."Operation Warp Speed," is a Trump administration effort to develop and deliver a safe and effective COVID-19 in the coming months. The administration's goal is to make initial doses available by January 2021.The vaccine will initially be rationed while drugmakers produce more doses. Healthcare workers, people in nursing homes, first responders and those with high-risk health conditions will likely be the first people eligible to receive the vaccine. According to Dr. Anthony Fauci, the director of the National Insitute for Allergies and Infectious Diseases, the rest of the general population won't be able to receive the vaccine until later in 2021.Pfizer and Moderna have both announced that their vaccines are on track for potential emergency authorization from the Food and Drug Administration. But there are several other candidates that could also get approval soon — and could potentially overtake the market.Both Pfizer's and Moderna's vaccine candidates require two shots, which need to be taken 28 days apart. But health experts believe that if a single-dose vaccine gets approval, it could quickly become the standard for worldwide vaccination."So, if you can get a vaccine out there that actually requires only one dose, it could quickly overtake the market," said Dr. Marcus Schabacker the President & CEO, of Emergency Care Research Institute.Health experts are also encouraged that there are several vaccine candidates in the final stages of testing — they believe that more potential vaccines reduce safety risks."We have a lot of people in the world. We need to vaccinate in different countries under different criteria, and you always run the risk that there's something in the Pfizer vaccine that someone's allergic to that isn't in the Madonna vaccine," said Dr. Jill Roberts, an associated professor as USF Health.One question that hasn't yet been answered is how the vaccines will stand up to the newly infected."So if you're turning positive today, we know you are exposed to somebody that had COVID, and we vaccinate you today — will that actually prevent you from developing severe disease?" Roberts said.Merck is another U.S. based pharmaceutical company that is working on a single-dose COVID-19 vaccine. That vaccine is currently in early testing overseas. 2422

When a vaccine is approved, who will get it? How will it get to them?Johns Hopkins has a plan to make front line workers and those most vulnerable first in line. Other experts say that may not be the best approach.“It may be better to immunize people who are at high risk of transmitting the virus both because of jobs, living situations and other circumstances,” said Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel while speaking with the head of the Journal of the American Medical Association. “And that I think we have to leave an open mind and look at some detailed modeling about what the best way is to reduce the premature mortality.”Emanuel says transmission between health care workers and patients is basically zero where he is. He says effective PPE use is the reason.The groups Johns Hopkins said should get a vaccine first could be as big as 90 million people.Emanuel says there won't be enough doses out of the gate to get all of any initial groups.“You don’t actually distribute it evenly among countries,” he said. “You concentrate on countries that at the moment when you have the vaccine have severe hot spots and where the vaccine is going to make the biggest difference in terms of reducing premature death.”Johns Hopkins experts say a vaccine's effectiveness is measured on preventing disease. That doesn't mean it prevents infection and transmission. We won’t know how effective it will be until after it’s in use.“A disease transmission strategy makes a lot of sense, but we need a lot more information before we can know who to prioritize,” said Dr. Eric Toner, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. “It’s quite possible we will go to a strategy like that.”The World Health Organization said younger people in their 20s, 30s and 40s are increasingly driving spread.The first vaccines will likely be two doses. Experts say that means double the syringes, needles, vials and other supplies, along with getting people to come back for a second dose. 1980

What happens when the pandemic and flu season collide? The situation has doctors concerned.“You could possibly have both and we don’t know how bad it will be if you have both,” said Dr. Richard Pan, a pediatrician and California state senator. “Many physicians and scientists are concerned because both of the viruses attack your lungs and heart.”California already had its first flu death this season and Pan is pleading with the public to get the flu shot this year.It's unknown how someone who had COVID-19 will react with the flu.“Even if they were asymptomatic, will the flu be a lot worse for somebody who already had COVID? Because of the damage COVID already did to the lungs and heart that perhaps the patient is not fully recovered from,” said Pan.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has ordered extra flu vaccines. They're widely available now and it's recommended you get one before the end of October.Normally, vaccine rates for the flu are around 40%. Pan says it should be double that.“If you have someone who is not vaccinated, then they're going to be much more likely to transmit that flu virus to the person that had COVID,” said Pan.Pan also says it's going to be difficult to figure out if you have the flu or COVID-19 or both, without testing.Make sure you isolate if you have any symptoms. You can spread both the flu and COVID-19 before you develop symptoms.It takes two weeks after the flu vaccine to develop antibodies.Some hope the U.S. flu season will be milder because of mask wearing, hand washing, and social distancing. Other counties have seen that. 1601

While congressional leaders continue to search for viable solutions to address America's gun violence, not even some of the more limited proposals are likely to make it to the Senate floor this week, and other issues are starting to crowd Capitol Hill's agenda.It's been more than two weeks since a gunman killed 17 people at a high school in Parkland, Florida, but mixed messages from the White House and reluctance in Congress to tackle anything more than narrow changes has led to a legislative paralysis in Washington.At the forefront of the uncertainty on guns is President Donald Trump. Congressional leaders, as well as rank-and-file members, had been waiting for Trump to take the lead on the issue or at least clearly spell out his priorities, but after a week's worth of confusing and seemingly conflicted statements, the President's contributions have done little to move legislation forward.  917

What does defunding the police really mean?From Los Angeles to Minneapolis to New York City advocates are pushing for widespread police reform in the form of reduced police budgets. HOW MUCH WILL BE CUT?So far, American cities are taking a slow approach to the demands of advocates. Leaders in Minneapolis, the site of George Floyd's death, have called for the most significant changes with City Council agreeing to dismantle its police department. Los Angeles' Mayor is calling for 0 million budget cut. Minneapolis' City Council is exploring a 0 million cut. New York City's Comptroller has called on the Mayor to cut the NYPD by .1 billion over the next four years. Depending on the number, cuts to police departments could mean fewer officers and most likely fewer programs offered by police departments. WHERE DO ADVOCATES WANT THE MONEY TO GO?In short, leaders in the Black Lives Matter movement want the money currently allocated to police to be re-invested in communities instead. That could take the shape of city development in an often forgotten part of town or in mental health awareness campaigns. Homeless outreach and improved educational opportunities have also been mentioned. NPR recently profiled an effort in Eugene, Oregon, that dispatches social workers to certain emergency calls instead of officers. Advocates support measures like that as well. WILL CRIME INCREASE?You can't have a discussion on defunding police without exploring the possibility that crime could increase. But there is evidence that crime can actually go down with fewer police officers. A 2017 study found that when NYPD reduced its proactive policing polices in 2015 and 20`14, the number of criminal complaints filed actually decreased in New York City. The Fraternal Order of Police though disagrees. Sgt. Robert Pride, who met with President Trump at the White House this week, said he believes more officers would want to leave law enforcement if major programs were defunded. "That's not a profession I want to be apart of," Pride said. WILL THIS ACTUALLY HAPPEN?Police reform has been talked about before but never on this scale. It will also depend on whether the political pressure on city councils and mayors across the country continue. The "defund" movement is likely in its very early stages. 2316