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 Two 250,000-year-old teeth from two Neanderthal children revealed that both of them were exposed to lead twice during their short lifetimes, the first known case of lead exposure in Neanderthals.An international team of researchers studied the two teeth, as well as one from a modern human child who lived 5,000 years ago. All of them are from the same archaeological site in southeast France. The results of their analysis were published Wednesday in the journal Science Advances."Traditionally, people thought lead exposure occurred in populations only after industrialization, but these results show it happened prehistorically, before lead had been widely released into the environment," said Christine Austin, study co-author and assistant professor in the Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. "Our team plans to analyze more teeth from our ancestors and investigate how lead exposures may have affected their health and how that may relate to how our bodies respond to lead today."And as with tree rings, researchers used the teeth to determine key events in the children's lives. During childhood, new teeth layers are formed each day, capturing chemical signatures that can be traced."Teeth record environmental variation based on the climate, even where you're growing up," said Tanya Smith, lead author of the study and associate professor at Griffith University. "That's possible because when you're growing, your teeth you actually lock in a record of the chemistry of the water and the food that you're eating and drinking. Because teeth have these tiny timelines, we can relate the chemistry to the growth to calculate ancient climate records. We can't do that with any other element of the body."They were able to determine that one of the Neanderthal children was born in the spring and that both children were more likely to be sick during the colder winter seasons. They lived through more extreme seasons with a greater variation in temperature than the modern human child who was also studied.The intact teeth had growth rings, which the researchers used to measure barium, lead and oxygen. Lasers targeted tiny spots in the teeth to map their chemistry and reconstruct ancient climate records. This reconstruction was able to map a weekly scale of variation, showing when the summer and winter seasons happened and how long they lasted. The researchers related this back to the individual's growth."This study reports a major breakthrough in the reconstruction of ancient climates, a significant factor in human evolution, as temperature and precipitation cycles influenced the landscapes and food resources our ancestors relied on," Smith said.The growth rings also provided evidence of nursing."We were able to identify milk intake through breastfeeding in one individual based on a trace element called barium," Smith said. "We were able to time that to the season."That individual nursed for 2? years, which is similar to modern human children who lived in hunter-gatherer environments. "This is something we may share in common with Neanderthals," Smith said. Unfortunately, although the Neanderthal child survived infancy, it did not reach adulthood. The ages of the children were not included in the study.The researchers believe that the children were exposed to lead environmentally, either inhaling or ingesting it."That must have come from natural deposits in the area, whether they were going into an underground environment or they were eating contaminated food that was incorporated into their growing bones and teeth," Smith said.Smith believes that this research emphasizes the different levels of information that can be taken from teeth."We've now got the ability to integrate ancient climate data with health history, nursing history and illness," she said. "To be able to get all that information from a single sample 250,000 years ago is a unique opportunity."But this doesn't just apply to studying those who lived before us."Dietary patterns in our early life have far-reaching consequences for our health, and by understanding how breastfeeding evolved, we can help guide the current population on what is good breastfeeding practice," said Manish Arora, study co-author and vice chairman of the Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health at the Icahn School of Medicine. "Our research team is working on applying these techniques in contemporary populations to study how breastfeeding alters health trajectories including those of neurodevelopment, cardiac health and other high-priority health outcomes." 4648

(AP) — Track and field is having its #MeToo moment.Former teen running star Mary Cain's account this week of body-shaming and alleged psychological abuse at the recently disbanded Nike Oregon Project is prompting other top athletes to come forward.Amy Yoder Begley, a 10,000-meter runner, said Friday she was told she had the "biggest butt on the starting line." And Kara Goucher's husband said the Olympian endured "disgusting" comments from coaches.Nike says it's investigating, but the cascade of allegations that have followed Oregon Project director Alberto Salazar's four-year doping ban have some in the sport saying a day of reckoning was long overdue."It's depressing, but I'm also encouraged that this message is getting out," Dr. Kathryn Ackerman, medical director of the female athlete program at Boston Children's Hospital, said Saturday. "A lot of these athletes have been really shy to share their stories."Questions about Salazar's methods with his posse of top U.S. runners had swirled for years before the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency found him guilty last month of conducting experiments with supplements and testosterone that were bankrolled and supported by Nike.But Cain's plaintive story of harassment and abuse while she was part of Salazar's training group, which she joined as a 17-year-old phenomenon in 2013, has emboldened other former Nike Oregon Project athletes to share their stories.In a New York Times video essay, Cain, now 23, says: "I was emotionally and physically abused by a system designed by Alberto and endorsed by Nike."Cain said she was harangued to lose weight and publicly humiliated when she didn't hit targets, stopped having her period for three years, and lost so much bone density she broke five bones. She said it got to the point where she started cutting herself and having suicidal thoughts. She left the program in 2016.Salazar, who has denied any involvement in doping, issued a statement to The Oregonian newspaper on Friday saying: "I never encouraged her, or worse yet, shamed her, to maintain an unhealthy weight."Nike said in a statement these are "deeply troubling allegations which have not been raised by Mary or her parents before. Mary was seeking to rejoin the Oregon Project and Alberto's team as recently as April of this year and had not raised these concerns as part of that process."The sportswear giant added it will "take the allegations extremely seriously and will launch an immediate investigation to hear from former Oregon Project athletes."They're already talking.Four-time Olympian Shalane Flanagan, who retired from competitive running last month to become a coach with the Nike Bowerman Track Club, tweeted to Cain that "I had no idea it was this bad." Flanagan, the 2017 New York City Marathon champion, is a longtime Nike runner but was never part of the Oregon Project."I'm so sorry ... that I never reached out to you when I saw you struggling. I made excuses to myself as to why I should mind my own business. We let you down. I will never turn my head again," Flanagan tweeted.Yoder Begley, who now coaches the Atlanta Track Club, said she was kicked out of Salazar's group after placing sixth in the 10,000 meters at the 2011 national championships."I was told I was too fat and 'had the biggest butt on the starting line.' This brings those painful memories back," the 2008 Olympian said.Goucher, a former Oregon Project runner who helped provide evidence for USADA's case against Salazar, said on Twitter "the culture was unbearable."Her husband, Adam Goucher, who also ran for the group, tweeted that after she placed fifth in the 2011 Boston Marathon in a personal best of 2 hours, 24 minutes — one of the fastest times for an American woman that year, and six months after having a child — Salazar and a sports psychologist told her mother and sister she needed to lose her baby weight if she wanted to be fast again.Adam Goucher said his own weight was an issue while he trained under Salazar."Maybe now some of you can see why I had so much anger when we left," he wrote.Ackerman, the Boston sports medicine specialist, is calling on Nike to fund research into healthy and medically sound training in the same way the NFL has started pouring money into concussion studies."There are so many great opportunities for Nike to be a leader in this," she said. 4357

You may not see them popping up in dispensaries yet, but Oakland just allowed the use of "magic mushrooms" and other natural psychedelics.On Tuesday, Oakland's City Council voted unanimously to decriminalize the use of 'shrooms and other natural psychedelic or hallucinogenic drugs, including cacti, becoming the second city in the country to take this step.The drugs still aren't necessarily legal, but the resolution means police cannot impose criminal penalties for using the natural drugs or use any city funds to investigate or enforce the criminal penalties. Even people currently being prosecuted for these kinds of drugs are now off the hook, according to the resolution. 691

EL CAJON, Calif. (KGTV) - Tyson Kirkpatrick's family is one of the first to own a home in Main Ranch - a planned development on the northeast end of El Cajon.They bought their brand new single-family home for a price in the low 500-thousands. That was about 0,000 less than the similar properties they were looking for over at Santee Lakes. "It was more of our price point," Kirkpatrick said. "It makes me feel great. It makes me feel very fortunate to be here."Main Ranch will ultimately grow to more than 130 new homes.Complete Coverage: Life in El CajonIn the last two years, El Cajon has seen as many as 850 new housing units get built. Prices for single family homes in the city are as much as 20 percent below the median for the county, which CoreLogic says was 0,000 in October. "We made a calculated decision that we wanted to be more competitive in this market," said El Cajon Mayor Bill Wells.Wells said the city has taken three key steps to attract builders. First, it eliminated developer impact fees which pay for important infrastructure related to the growth. The City of San Diego, for instance, charges as much as ,000 per unit. In El Cajon, the city instead relies on its general fund, boosted by a half-cent sales tax that expires in 2029, an issue now being studied at City Hall. Last April, the City Council hired a consulting firm to explore adding fees to developments, but Wells said he does not expect that to happen or any financial headwinds. "We're careful about how we spend our money, and we make sure we have to have enough money to take care of it," said Wells.The city also changed its zoning to allow developers who meet certain requirements to build without a public hearing. That reduces chances for opposition and costly delay.Finally, El Cajon has taken a more customer-service approach to interacting with developers whether for permitting at city hall or inspections on site. "In the City of El Cajon, it's tough but fair, and they give you a chance to alleviate some of their concerns on the spot," said Dan Scott, the construction superintendent at Main Ranch. In all, Wells says El Cajon is a great place to raise a family. He says adding housing that's affordable is a key way the city can encourage people to come see that for themselves. 2302

 Canada legalized recreational pot this week and its dispensaries weren't the only ones with a business plan. A Girl Scouts Brownie -- and budding entrepreneur -- knew exactly where her best sales would come from.Elina Childs, 9, stood outside an Edmonton dispensary Wednesday and sold all her cookies to those enduring 4-hour lines during the country's first day of legal marijuana sales.In the past, Elina has sold her cookies door-to-door and that took weeks, her dad said."Last year, she got bit by a dog, it wasn't bad but we were still apprehensive," dad Sean Childs told CNN."While driving, we saw how long the lines were at the dispensary, and we just stopped to sell the cookies there."Elina sold out her stock in just 45 minutes, making a total of 0 (US )."She didn't quite understand what the big deal was," Childs said. "She was just selling cookies in her mind, but everyone was so happy to see her, and kept congratulating her."Weed has been legal only since Wednesday and Elina isn't the only one who cashed in on the munchies.The marijuana demand has been so high that several licensed cannabis retailers around the country have completely run out of pot,?reported CNN partner CBC. 1216