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NANJING, May 31 (Xinhua) -- Zhu Yongxiang, a 72-year-old Chinese communist, pondered and cast his ballot to vote for the village communist party chief in the first direct election held in his village Houcong earlier this month."This is real democracy since party members' votes decide who the winner is instead of nominations and appointments," said Zhu, a villager with 50 years of membership in the Chinese Communist Party (CPC).He gave his support to Chen Jiagui in the election for party secretary in Houcong Village in Nanjing, capital of east China's Jiangsu Province.Chen beat his rival 121 to 32 votes in the election observed by 200 party members, some of whom came to the event with mud still on their shoes, fresh from work in the fields.From April to June, similar direct elections were run in 806 villages in Nanjing, where CPC committees in 363 neighborhoods in urban areas have piloted general elections for grassroots leaders since last year."The CPC has been the ruling party for over 60 years, since New China was founded in 1949. However, its long-standing party cadre selection model has caused some social conflicts and tension between the public and grassroots CPC cadres," said Professor Shao Jianguo with the Party School of the Nanjing Municipal CPC Committee.He pointed out in the selection method, appointed officials get the "power" from the the higher-ups rather, and consequently they are likely to care more about their superiors than the masses.With the ongoing direct elections in villages, Nanjing has become the only Chinese city to have extended the direct elections of grassroots CPC cadres to both urban and rural areas on a large scale, said the professor.The CPC chose the city to pilot the first direct election in one neighborhood in 2004, a move considered a significant step toward boosting democracy within the Party, said Cai Xia, a professor with the Party School of the CPC Central Committee, adding that it is expected to push forward democracy in Chinese society,"Intra-party democratic reform is crucial to the Party's foundation, since it brings changes to the kind of people that become CPC cadres," said Shao.Newly-elected party chiefs in the 806 villages with a population of 2.7 million are expected to take office in June.One of them, Chen Jiagui, the new party chief in Houcong Village, distinguished himself from four other candidates, who included township officials and college graduates.Actually, Chen had worked as the appointed party chief in the village for the past 10 years. He was thrilled about winning the post in the election."This time, the victory was hard won. I feel the weight of each ballot in my favor," he said.Villagers said Chen, a successful seedling tree grower himself, had led them to develop the tree plantation, which has become the backbone economy for boosting farmers' income."The party secretaries elected last year in urban communities have done a good job in helping residents resolve problems in daily life, like repairing street lights and roads," said Wang Qi, director of the organization department of Nanjing municipal CPC committee.He said Party members hope the village elections help boost the rural economy and raise farmers' income.Wang said the Nanjing committee has drafted election procedures based on experiences from the elections."The elections must abide by rules. There are procedures for electioneering, for example, and qualification examinations for candidates," he said.

BEIJING, April 10 (Xinhua)-- China's trade balance turned red in March with the country's first monthly trade deficit in six years, the General Administration of Customs (GAC) said Saturday.China exports were valued at 112.11 billion U.S. dollars in March, up 24.3 percent year on year, while the imports surged 66 percent to 119.35 billion U.S. dollars, resulting in a deficit of 7.24 billion U.S. dollars.The deficit was China's first since it posted a 2.26 billion deficit in April 2004, according to a report released by the GAC.China's total foreign trade rose 42.8 percent year on year to 231.46 billion U.S. dollars in March, according to Customs statistics.In the first quarter, foreign trade rose 44.1 percent to 617.85 billion U.S. dollars, with a surplus of 14.49 billion U.S. dollars though it was down 76.7 percent from the same period of last year.The country's trade surplus hit 23.7 billion U.S. dollars in February.Li Jian, a research fellow with the Research Institute under the Ministry of Commerce, said China's trade surplus had been falling since the start of the year."The deficit in March was just an extension of this trend," Li said.He said China did not purposefully pursue a trade surplus and had adopted a policy of encouraging imports and achieving a trade balance over the years.As the economy improved, any shift in people's expectations towards macro economic policies on liquidity and investment would influence importers' decisions and imported commodity prices, he said."Externally, we need to prudently monitor the world economy to avoid risk of a double-dip recession," he said. "Domestically, we need to focus on economic restructuring and transformation of economic growth pattern based on the stable growth of foreign trade."The GAC attributed the March deficit to shrinking exports of labor-intensive products, surging imports and rising commodity prices."The deficit in March is neither a recession, nor can it be sustained," the GAC said in its report, adding the deficit was small and China had maintained a "basic balance" between imports and exports.

CHICAGO, April 5 (Xinhua) -- There are some very exciting opportunities for collaboration between the United States and China in carbon exchange, said a senior executive in Chicago Monday.Richard L. Sandor is chairman and founder of the Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX), the world's first and North America's only voluntary, legally binding greenhouse gas cap-and-trade system. Sandor is also chairman of the Chicago Climate Futures Exchange ( CCFE), the world's leading futures exchange for environmental products.Sandor told Xinhua in an exclusive interview, "I recently spent two weeks in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and Hong Kong. My view, based on the people I've met with on my trips and that I work with everyday, is that there are some very exciting opportunities for collaboration between the U.S. and China in the field of carbon exchange."He said that a great example is the recent establishment of a joint venture between Chicago Climate Exchange and two Chinese partners -- China National Petroleum Corporation and the City of Tianjin. Working together they will develop an electronic emission trading platform and auction facility for financial products to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions and water pollutants, as well as enhancement of energy efficiency, said Sandor.Sandor added, "The Tianjin Climate Exchange (TCX) has begun to implement pilot initiatives that can help pave the way for a strong market-based infrastructure that facilitates the environmental and policy goals of the People's Republic of China."When talking about the opportunities and challenges facing the U.S.-China collaboration in carbon trading area, Sandor said, "We operate in a range of legal and regulatory frameworks with global affiliates in the United States, Europe, China, Australia and Canada. While each country has unique characteristics that come with different demands and needs, what seems to be clear across the board is the importance a market mechanism will play in meeting those demands."He further explained, "Interest is growing globally in carbon markets as a way to achieve better strategic management of energy costs, new products, new sources of revenue, job creation and poverty alleviation. Going forward this is likely to develop on what could be called a "pluri-lateral" basis. There will be markets in different parts of the world that are linked by similar contracts -- much like you see with crude oil today or like we saw with cotton in the 19th century."The farming and forestry carbon exchange offsets program has been an important part of Chicago Climate Exchange. Sandor said, " Since Chicago Climate Exchange began in 2003, the offsets program has covered approximately 17.2 million acres, 9,000 individual farmers, ranchers and forest owners and 32.4 million metric tons of offsets. Mitigation practices taking place on farms, ranches and forests are good for water, wildlife and the climate, while providing a new income source for rural economies. "Regarding the effect of the offsets program, Sandor said, " Thousands of farmers, foresters and ranchers who commit to exceptional management practices that remove carbon from the air are now earning new income. The verified best practices that are used by land managers make crops better able to weather climate extremes, generate clean economy jobs, and incentivize new techniques that can further cut emissions.""However, this is only a small part of what Chicago Climate Exchange members have been able to achieve," said Sandor. "Of all reductions made by CCX members since 2003, about 15 percent have been through offset projects. The remaining cuts are made through companies that are taking a broad range of steps to reduce their emissions. Electricity generators have implemented efficiency retrofits at power plants, used lower-carbon fuels, and optimized nuclear and hydro plant operations."When commenting on the U.S. legislation on carbon exchange, Sandor told Xinhua, "In June of 2009 a comprehensive climate legislation bill was approved by the U.S. House of Representatives which included a national greenhouse gas reduction and trading system with compliance required starting in 2012. In the Senate, progress continues on multiple fronts. Senator Kerry is currently collaborating with Senators Lieberman and Graham to craft a bill with bipartisan support."He continued, "While policymakers at the federal level work through the details of a federal bill, interest is growing in regionally mandated markets, such as the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, which trades on the Chicago Climate Futures Exchange ( CCFE). State governments are increasingly looking to encourage renewable power generation and driving growth in renewable markets. "Sandor is also a research professor at the Kellogg Graduate School of Management at Northwestern University where he teaches a course on environmental finance. He is a Member of the International Advisory Council of Guanghua School of Management at Peking University and a member of the TERI School of Management Advisory Committee in India. Sandor previously taught at the University of California Berkeley, Stanford University, and Columbia University.

CANBERRA, May 14 (Xinhua) -- Visiting General Guo Boxiong, Vice- Chairmen of China's Central Military Commission met the Australian Chief of the Defense Force Air Chief Marshall Angus Houston on Friday.Guo said China and Australia have extensive range of common interests and hold responsibilities in safeguarding regional stability and promoting common development.The two countries are important trading partners, maintaining good dialogues and consultation in responding to international financial crisis, climate change and other major issues such as the Asia-Pacific regional cooperation, he added.According to Guo, defense and military relations between China and Australia in recent years are more matured, more dynamic and the cooperation has great potential and bright prospects for development.In order to better response to the diversity of regional and global challenges, the two sides need to further strengthen communication, enhance mutual trust, consolidate the basis of mutually beneficial cooperation, the Chinese General said.Houston said that together with the increasing national strength, China will play a greater role in global and regional affairs. Australia hopes to strengthen cooperation with China in communication and cooperation, jointly safeguarding regional peace and stability.He said that meanwhile, the Australian government is satisfied with the current bilateral defense and military relations.Guo arrived on Tuesday in Australia for an official visit, and held talks with Australian Defense Minister John Faulkner and met with Australian Foreign Minister Stephen Smith.

GENEVA, May 25 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese government is firmly committed to strengthening its friendly cooperation with Africa and supporting the continent in achieving peace and development, a senior Chinese diplomat said here on Tuesday."China is the largest developing country and Africa is home to most developing countries. China-Africa cooperation is an important part of the South-South cooperation," said He Yafei, China's ambassador to the United Nations Office in Geneva.Addressing a forum on Africa's peace and development, He said China, as a permanent member of the UN Security Council, has been always supporting and participating in peacekeeping operations in Africa.Since 1990, China has participated in 12 UN peacekeeping operations in Africa, providing more than 10,000 personnel. Now there are more than 1,600 military staff and civilian police from China in Africa, he said.China supports the conflict-resolution efforts in Africa, participating actively in mediating activities in Darfur, Sudan and other parts of the continent, he added.In addition, China has actively joined the international anti- pirates task force patrolling the waters off Somalia, and made important contribution on keeping the security of the Gulf of Aden and Somali waters.On economic and social fronts, China, for over 50 years, has provided assistance to Africa to the best of its capability, according to the ambassador.China has made 7.8 billion U.S. dollars of direct investments in Africa by 2008. By the end of 2009, China had built more than 900 infrastructure and public welfare projects, sent 17,000 medical personnel to 47 African countries, where they had treated 200 million patients, provided over 20,000 government scholarships.In order to further strengthen the friendly cooperation between China and Africa, to jointly meet the challenge of economic globalization and to promote common development, the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation was established by China and friendly African countries in 2000, the ambassador said.Since its establishment, the Forum has held one summit and four ministerial conferences, with Chinese leaders announcing a lot of measures to strengthen cooperation with Africa and support African development."This year marks the 10th anniversary of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. We believe that this Forum will play an even bigger role in facilitating cooperation and relationship between China and Africa," He said.