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WASHINGTON, May 12 (Xinhua) -- Early initiation of antiretroviral treatment in people infected with HIV prevents them from transmitting the virus to their partners, according to findings released Thursday from a large-scale international clinical study.The study, known as HPTN 052, was designed to evaluate whether antiretroviral drugs can prevent sexual transmission of HIV infection among couples in which one partner is HIV-infected and the other is not. The results are the first of their kind from a major randomized clinical trial.Led by Myron Cohen, of the University of North Carolina, the research found that treating HIV-infected individuals with antiretroviral therapy (ART) when their immune systems are still relatively healthy led to a 96 percent reduction in HIV transmission to their partners.This critical new finding convincingly demonstrates that early treatment of infected individuals can have a major impact on the spread of the epidemic.Study investigators enrolled 1,763 couples who were not eligible for ART by WHO standards in nine countries around the world. All couples were at least 18 years of age. The vast majority of the couples (97 percent) were heterosexual, which precludes any definitive conclusions about effectiveness in men who have sex with men.Couples were randomly assigned to one of two study groups. In the first group, the HIV-infected partner initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) as soon as the couple enrolled in the study (the immediate treatment group); in the second group, infected partners did not begin ART until their CD4+ counts fell to between 200 and 250 cells/mm3 or they developed an AIDS-related illness (the delayed treatment group). Couples in both groups received HIV primary care, counseling and condoms.Results of this research study, which was scheduled to conclude in 2015, are being released early, after the independent data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) determined that the benefits of early treatment were clear.

WASHINGTON, May 11 (Xinhua) -- Johns Hopkins University researchers have demonstrated that human liver cells derived from adult cells coaxed into an embryonic state can engraft and begin regenerating liver tissue in mice with chronic liver damage.The work, published Wednesday in the journal Science Translational Medicine, suggests that liver cells derived from so- called "induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)" could one day be used as an alternative to liver transplant in patients with serious liver diseases, bypassing long waiting lists for organs and concerns about immune system rejection of donated tissue."Our findings provide a foundation for producing functional liver cells for patients who suffer liver diseases and are in need of transplantation," says Yoon-Young Jang, assistant professor of oncology at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center. "iPSC-derived liver cells not only can be generated in large amounts, but also can be tailored to each patient, preventing immune-rejection problems associated with liver transplants from unmatched donors or embryonic stem cells." A microsopic view shows human embryonic stem cells in various stages of differentiation into liver cells in this photo taken at Stanford University and released by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, March 9, 2009iPSCs are made from adult cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to revert to an embryonic stem cell-like state, with the ability to transform into different cell types. Human iPSCs can be generated from various tissues, including skin, blood and liver cells.Although the liver can regenerate in the body, end-stage liver failure caused by diseases like cirrhosis and cancers eventually destroy the liver's regenerative ability, Jang says. Currently, the only option for those patients is to receive a liver organ or liver cell transplant, a supply problem given the severe shortage of donor liver tissue for transplantation. In addition, mature liver cells and adult liver stem cells are difficult to isolate or grow in the laboratory, she says. By contrast, iPSCs can be made from a tiny amount of many kinds of tissue; and the embryonic stem- like iPSCs can grow in laboratory cultures indefinitely.For the study, Jang and colleagues generated human iPSCs from a variety of adult human cells, including liver cells, fibroblasts ( connective tissue cells), bone marrow stem cells and skin cells. They found that though the iPSCs overall were molecularly similar to each other and to embryonic stem cells, they retained a distinct molecular "signature" inherited from the cell of origin.

BEIJING, Jan. 27 (Xinhua) -- China Thursday allocated 1.039 billion yuan (157 million U.S. dollars) for areas hit by natural disasters last year.The relief funds, jointly allocated by the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Ministry of Finance, will be used for disaster survivors to buy food, clothes, quilts and heating devices.A Ministry of Civil Affairs statement said local finance and civil affairs authorities have been ordered to publicly disclose relevant information.In 2010, several natural disasters hit China, including the 7.1-magnitude Yushu earthquake that left 2,200 people dead and the Zhouqu mudslide that left 1,700 people dead or missing.On Nov. 18, 2010, the two ministries jointly allocated 4.1 billion yuan (617 million U.S. dollars) to help natural disaster survivors pass the winter.

BEIJING, Feb. 10 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese currency, or the yuan, on Thursday rose to a fresh high of 6.5849 against the U.S. dollar, according to the China Foreign Exchange Trading System.The central parity rate of the yuan, or RMB, was 1 basis point higher than the previous record of 6.585 set on Feb. 9, the previous trading day.The central parity rate has risen against the dollar for a three consecutive trading days.China's central bank announced on June 19 last year that it would further reform the yuan exchange rate formation mechanism to improve its flexibility.On China's foreign exchange spot market, the yuan can rise or fall 0.5 percent from the central parity rate each trading day.The central parity rate of the RMB against the U.S. dollar is based on a weighted average of prices before the opening of the market each business day.

BEIJING, Feb. 8 (Xinhua) -- China would continue expanding its radio and television networks coverage in the country's rural areas in the 2011-2015 period, according to the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (SARFT).In the five-year period, efforts would focus on ensuring access to radio and TV services in those villages with less than 20 households, the SARFT said in a statement.It noted that China's other villages which had more than 20 households were already covered by the radio and TV networks, thanks to government's continuous efforts in this regard.China's central and local governments poured over 15.7 billion yuan (2.38 billion U.S. dollars) into the upgrading of the radio and TV networks in the country's rural areas in 2006-2010.Official figures indicated that 96.31 percent and 97.23 percent of China's population had access to radio and TV services respectively in 2009. The ratio was 86.02 percent and 87.68 percent respectively in 1997.