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WASHINGTON, April 6 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have discovered two genes in which variation affects intake of caffeine, the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, according to a report described Wednesday in the open-access journal PLoS Genetics.A team of investigators from the National Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill examined genetic variation across the entire genome of more than 47,000 individuals from the U.S.They found the genes -- CYP1A2, which has previously been implicated in the metabolism of caffeine, and AHR, involved in the regulation of CYP1A2, played roles in regulating intake of caffeine. Individuals with the highest-consumption genotype for either gene consumed 40 mg more caffeine than those with the lowest-consumption genotype, equivalent to the amount of one-third cup of caffeinated coffee, or one can of cola.Caffeine is implicated in numerous physiological and medical conditions; it affects sleep patterns, energy levels, mood, and mental and physical performance. The identification of genes that have an impact on daily consumption offers opportunities to better understand these conditions. Further exploration of the identified genetic variants may provide insight into the speed of caffeine metabolism, how long caffeine circulates in the blood, or how strong the physiological effects of consuming a given amount of caffeine are.

WASHINGTON, April 4 (Xinhua) -- Scientists have identified a gene that appears to play a role in regulating how much alcohol people drink, in a study of over 47,000 people published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.The researchers say that finding a common genetic variation influencing levels of alcohol consumption may lead to a better understanding of mechanisms underlying alcohol drinking behavior in the general population.The gene, called "autism susceptibility candidate 2", or AUTS2, has previously been linked to autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, but its function is not known.The new study, by an international consortium led by scientists at Imperial College London and King's College London, found that there are two versions of the AUTS2 gene, one three times more common than the other. People with the less common version drink on average five percent less alcohol than people with the more common version.The gene is most active in parts of the brain associated with neuropsychological reward mechanisms, suggesting that it might play a part in regulating the positive reinforcement that people feel when they drink alcohol.Alcohol consumption is known to be partly determined by genes but until now the only gene known to make a notable contribution was the gene encoding alcohol dehydrogenase, an enzyme that breaks down alcohol in the liver.Professor Paul Elliott, from the School of Public Health at Imperial College London, said: "Of course there are a lot of factors that affect how much alcohol a person drinks, but we know from twin studies that genes play an important role. The difference that this particular gene makes is only small, but by finding it we've opened up a new area of research into the biological mechanisms that control drinking."

BEIJING, May 10 (Xinhuanet) -- Professional social networking site LinkedIn is aiming for a valuation of 3.3 billion U.S. dollars for its initial public offering, media reports said Tuesday.The Mountain View, California-based company is expected to begin trading on the New York Stock Exchange within the next month and will use the symbol "LNKD."It plans to offer 7.84 million shares priced at 32 dollars to 35 dollars each, according to the filing, which it submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission.LinkedIn, which has more than 100 million members in over 200 countries and territories, is seeking to raise as much as 274.4 million dollars from the initial public offering (IPO) with 146.6 million dollars going to the company itself.In 2010, LinkedIn made 15 million dollars in profit on 243 million dollars in revenue, according to the filing.LinkedIn's biggest shareholder is its founder and chairman, Reid Hoffman, who owns more than 21 percent of the company.

BEIJING, March 15 (Xinhuanet) -- Chris Poole, the 22-year-old founder of 4Chan.org, criticized Facebook's approach and spoke up for online anonymity at South by Southwest Interactive in Austin, Texas, according to media reports Tuesday.Poole called out early in his keynote speech at the huge Austin tech event, referencing this Zuckerberg quote from David Kirkpatrick’s book "The Facebook Effect": "Having two identities for yourself is an example of a lack of integrity.""Anonymity is authenticity; it allows you to share in a completely unfiltered way," Poole countered. "It allows you to play in ways, you might not if people knew who you are.”Losing the ability to be anonymous on the Internet is, "a kind of loss of the innocence of youth," Poole said, crediting 4chan’s culture-infiltrating creativity to anonymity. "You can’t make mistakes,“ and then leave them behind, like the olds did pre-Facebook. If your mistakes ever made it to the Internet, they’re with you wherever you go.Poole — known by the 4chan handle "moot" — was to promote his new meme-generating venture, Canvas, still in beta testing.Launched for anime enthusiasts in 2003, 4chan is one of the most popular image-sharing bulletin boards on the Internet, with most of that traffic hitting 4chan’s notorious "random" image board, the /b/ board.

MADRID, Jan. 24 (Xinhua) -- The Spanish branch of Industrial and Commerce Bank of China (ICBC) was officially inaugurated in Madrid Monday.ICBC President Jiang Jianqing, Spanish Minister of Industry, Tourism and Commerce Miguel Sebastian and Chinese Ambassador to Spain Zhu Bangzao attended an inaugural gala dinner here.In a speech, Jiang thanked the Spanish government and authorities for allowing the ICBC to open in Spain and highlighted the importance of the Spanish economy and the close relations between the two countries.Sebastian said Spain welcomes the arrival of the biggest Chinese bank, which would further improve the already good relationship between the two counties.The Madrid branch is to provide a wide range of financial services to 166,000 Chinese nationals living in Spain.ICBC has a total of 386,723 employees and 162 foreign branches throughout the World.