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LOS ANGELES, July 22 (Xinhua) -- Two teams of astronomers have discovered the largest and farthest reservoir of water ever detected in the universe, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said on Friday.The water, equivalent to 140 trillion times all the water in the world's ocean, surrounds a huge, feeding black hole, called a quasar, more than 12 billion light-years away, according to JPL in Pasadena, California."The environment around this quasar is very unique in that it's producing this huge mass of water," said Matt Bradford, a scientist at JPL. "It's another demonstration that water is pervasive throughout the universe, even at the very earliest times. "This artist's concept illustrates a quasar, or feeding black hole, similar to APM 08279+5255, where astronomers discovered huge amounts of water vapor. Gas and dust likely form a torus around the central black hole, with clouds of charged gas above and below. X-rays emerge from the very central region, while thermal infrared radiation is emitted by dust throughout most of the torus. While this figure shows the quasar's torus approximately edge-on, the torus around APM 08279+5255 is likely positioned face-on from our point of view.A quasar is powered by an enormous black hole that steadily consumes a surrounding disk of gas and dust. As it eats, the quasar spews out huge amounts of energy. Both groups of astronomers studied a particular quasar called APM 08279+5255, which harbors a black hole 20 billion times more massive than the sun and produces as much energy as a thousand trillion suns.Astronomers expected water vapor to be present even in the early, distant universe, but had not detected it this far away before. There's water vapor in the Milky Way, although the total amount is 4,000 times less than in the quasar, because most of the Milky Way's water is frozen in ice. Water vapor is an important trace gas that reveals the nature of the quasar. In this particular quasar, the water vapor is distributed around the black hole in a gaseous region spanning hundreds of light-years in size (a light-year is about six trillion miles).Its presence indicates that the quasar is bathing the gas in X- rays and infrared radiation, and that the gas is unusually warm and dense by astronomical standards, JPL said.Although the gas is at a chilly minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit ( minus 53 degrees Celsius) and is 300 trillion times less dense than Earth's atmosphere, it's still five times hotter and 10 to 100 times denser than what's typical in galaxies like the Milky Way, said JPL.Measurements of the water vapor and of other molecules, such as carbon monoxide, suggest there is enough gas to feed the black hole until it grows to about six times its size, JPL said.Whether this will happen is not clear, the astronomers say, since some of the gas may end up condensing into stars or might be ejected from the quasar.Bradford's team made their observations starting in 2008, using an instrument called "Z-Spec" at the California Institute of Technology's (Caltech's) Submillimeter Observatory, a 33-foot (10- meter) telescope near the summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii. Follow-up observations were made with the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-Wave Astronomy (CARMA), an array of radio dishes in the Inyo Mountains of Southern California.The second group, led by Dariusz Lis, senior research associate in physics at Caltech and deputy director of the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, used the Plateau de Bure Interferometer in the French Alps to find water. In 2010, Lis's team serendipitously detected water in APM 8279+5255, observing one spectral signature.Bradford's team was able to get more information about the water, including its enormous mass, because they detected several spectral signatures of the water, according to JPL.

MOSCOW, Sept. 16 (Xinhua) -- A Russian Soyuz space capsule carrying three astronauts returned to the Earth Friday, the Mission Control Center outside Moscow confirmed.The three astronauts, two Russians and one American from the International Space Station (ISS), who were flown back by a Soyuz TMA-21 spacecraft, were in good condition, search and rescue teams on the ground in Kazakhstan said.Russian TV images showed the three ISS crew members being taken out of the space capsule and seated in armchairs with blankets to re-adapt to the Earth's gravity.According to the Cosmonaut Training Center, the astronauts underwent physical examinations immediately after the landing, which included examinations of hearts, lungs and adrenal glands.Seventeen helicopters and planes had waited for the capsule's landing.Helicopters will carry the astronauts from the landing site to the Kazakh city of Karaganda, from where the two Russian cosmonauts Alexander Samokutyayev and Andrei Borisenko will fly back to Moscow later Friday, while NASA astronaut Ronald Garan will leave directly for the United States for post-mission rehabilitation, the Itar-Tass news agency reported.The return of the three crew members was originally scheduled for Sept. 8, but was postponed by a failed launch of the Progress cargo ship on Aug. 24.The three crew members remaining on board the ISS are scheduled to return in mid-November.

BERLIN, June 1 (Xinhua) -- Germany's disease control center reported on Wednesday 365 new cases of the fatal enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), which marked a sharp rise since its outbreak in the middle of May.Twenty-five percent of the new cases involved the hemolytic- uremic syndrome (HUS), a serious complication resulting from E. coli infection that affects the blood and kidneys, Germany's Robert Koch Institute said.Until now 17 people in Europe, one in Sweden, the other in Germany have been killed by the deadly disease, while the source of the infection was still not identified.According to the data of Robert Koch Institute, at present 470 patients are suffering from HUS due to the infection, raising concerns that the death toll could be even higher in the future.Germany's Agriculture and Consumer Protection Minister Ilse Aigner defended Germany's previous alert on cucumbers from Spain on Wednesday."The fatal strain of EHEC bacteria was indeed found on Spanish cucumbers. According to the European rules, a quick warning must be sent out," she told a local TV station.Laboratory tests in Hamburg on Tuesday overthrew the previous finding that Spanish cucumbers were the sources of the outbreak.As a result of the alert, Europe and Russia imposed bans on Spanish vegetables, leaving Spanish farmers a loss of 200 million euros (287.5 million U.S. dollars) a week.Spain has expressed its intention to take possible legal actions against authorities in Hamburg and ask for compensations from Germany and the European Union.

BEIJING, June 28 (Xinhuanet) -- The figure of adults with diabetes has risen to 347 million worldwide, which is more than doubled in the past three decades, according to a study published in the British journal Lancet.The study, which analyzed data compiled from 2.7 million participants aged 25 and over from across the world, shows approximately 138 million in China have diabetes, and 36 million in the United States.Among high-income countries, diabetes rates were the highest in the U.S., Greenland, Malta, New Zealand, and Spain. The Netherlands, Austria, and France boasted the lowest rates, suggested the study published online by The Lancet journal on June 25.Majid Ezzati, a lead author of the study, said on Reuters: “Diabetes is becoming more common almost everywhere in the world.”Danaei added: “Unless we develop better programs for detecting people with elevated blood sugar and helping them to improve their diet and physical activity and control their weight, diabetes will inevitably continue to impose a major burden on health systems around the world.”

WASHINGTON, June 15 (Xinhua) -- Using the deepest X-ray image ever taken, astronomers found the first direct evidence that massive black holes were common in the early universe, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said Wednesday in a statement.The discovery from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory shows that very young black holes grew more aggressively than previously thought, in tandem with the growth of their host galaxies.By pointing Chandra at a patch of sky for more than six weeks, astronomers obtained what is known as the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS). When combined with very deep optical and infrared images from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, the new Chandra data allowed astronomers to search for black holes in 200 distant galaxies, from when the universe was between about 800 million to 950 million years old."Until now, we had no idea what the black holes in these early galaxies were doing, or if they even existed," said Ezequiel Treister of the University of Hawaii, lead author of the study to appear Thursday in journal Nature. "Now we know they are there, and they are growing like gangbusters."The super-sized growth means that the black holes in the CDFS are less extreme versions of quasars -- very luminous, rare objects powered by material falling onto supermassive black holes. However, the sources in the CDFS are about a hundred times fainter and the black holes are about a thousand times less massive than the ones in quasars.The observations found that between 30 and 100 percent of the distant galaxies contain growing supermassive black holes. Extrapolating these results from the small observed field to the full sky, there are at least 30 million supermassive black holes in the early universe. This is a factor of 10,000 larger than the estimated number of quasars in the early universe."It appears we've found a whole new population of baby black holes," said co-author Kevin Schawinski of Yale University. "We think these babies will grow by a factor of about a hundred or a thousand, eventually becoming like the giant black holes we see today almost 13 billion years later."