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Too few new antibiotics are under development to combat the threat of multidrug-resistant infections, according to a new World Health Organization report published Tuesday. Adding to the concern: It is likely that the speed of increasing resistance will outpace the slow drug development process.As of May, a total of 51 antibiotics and 11 biologicals -- medical products often made from natural sources -- are being developed, the new report said."The idea is that biologicals could replace use of antibiotics, which could help in overcoming the resistance problem," Peter Beyer, an author of the report and senior adviser to the WHO's Department of Essential Medicines and Health Products, wrote in an email.Seemingly, this large number of potential new drugs should suffice, yet it is not nearly enough.First, just 33 of the antibiotics in the pipeline target priority pathogens. This year, the WHO published a list of a dozen "priority pathogens": 12 separate families of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that pose the greatest threat to human health.Among the priority pathogens is a drug-resistant tuberculosis, which kills about 250,000 people around the world each year, and a variety of multidrug resistant strains -- Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and various Enterobacteriaceae -- which are responsible for infections in hospitals and nursing homes and among patients whose care requires ventilators and catheters.Of the 33 potential medicines for treating priority bug infections, only eight are innovative treatments. The other 25 are simple modifications of existing families of antibiotics. At best, then, the 25 will serve as short-term solutions since it is expected bacteria will quickly adapt to and resist these new (though somewhat familiar) drugs, according to the WHO."It is difficult to speculate why companies develop specific new medicines," Beyer noted. "But in general many new treatments do not necessarily constitute advances over existing treatments."TB infections require a combination of at least three antibiotics, according to the new report, yet only seven of the new TB medicines are even in clinical trials. Soon, there will be a serious lack of treatment options for this infection, the report warns.The same is true for gram-negative pathogens, which can cause severe, often deadly infections typically in hospitals and nursing homes.Gram-negative bacteria have more complex cell walls than gram-positive, explained Beyer. "In a nutshell, it is more complex to develop a novel antibiotic that can penetrate the complex gram-negative cell wall and stay inside the bacterium," he wrote.Finally, the WHO sees too few oral antibiotics being developed. These are necessary "to target the critical priority pathogens (and) be accessible in low- and middle-income countries," Beyer noted.To address the problem of developing new antibiotics, the WHO and the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative set up the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership. However, new drugs alone cannot combat the threat of antimicrobial resistance. The WHO is also working to improve infection prevention and control while developing guidance for the responsible use of antibiotics."Always seek medical advice before taking antibiotics and then always follow the advice of the health-care professional," Beyer noted.The new report is a "fantastic (and very useful!) summary" of the antibiotic situation, wrote Bill Hanage, an associate professor of epidemiology at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, in an email. Hanage, who has also published studies of antibiotic resistance, was not involved in the new report.Although the risk of getting a completely resistant infection is low in the United States, about 2 million people each year become infected with "resistant enough" bacteria that are harder to treat, Hanage said. And every year, more than 20,000 people die of these infections."More resistant infections don't just mean you or someone you care about is more likely to die from one, they also mean healthcare will get even more expensive," Hanage said. "Many of the procedures we take for granted in medicine, from cancer treatments to surgeries, depend on our ability to handle infections that happen in the course of treatment."The number of new drugs in development is simply not enough, he said."The great majority will not make it into the hands of doctors or your treatment," Hanage wrote. "As the report states, for drugs to be used in humans they have to pass 3 hurdles, the phase 1, 2 and 3 trials. Drugs entering that pipeline have just a 14% chance of getting all the way through to be used in humans." 4676

Three NBA teams — Atlanta Hawks, Utah Jazz, and Memphis Grizzlies — have announced that they would allow a limited number of fans at games during the 2020-21 season amid the coronavirus pandemic.Last season, teams played in a bubble setting in Orlando, Florida. This season, teams will be traveling from city to city once again.Earlier in November, the Oklahoma City Thunder announced they would have a limited number of fans at the beginning of its season, but on Monday, the team changed course and decided to not allow fans at games due to rising COVID cases in the state."For months, we have worked in close collaboration with Chesapeake Energy Arena, the City of Oklahoma City, local health officials, and the NBA to put into place thorough health and safety measures to allow for reduced seating capacity," the team said in a press release. "However, as we review ongoing and concerning trends in COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations in Oklahoma, we want to exercise an abundance of caution to help control the spread of the virus in our community. Therefore, the Thunder has made the decision to begin the season without fans in the arena."The Utah Jazz announced that they would allow a limited number of fans at their home games. According to KSTU, Vivint Arena will allow 1,500 fans in the suites and lower bowl. Fans must wear face coverings and social distance while inside the arena.KSTU reported that the arena would reduce capacity in elevators, retail stores, and restrooms.Another NBA team that's allowing fans this season will be the Atlanta Hawks. According to the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, a small number of friends and family will attend the first few home games at State Farm Arena. Approximately 1,500 fans will be able to watch the Hawks game on Martin Luther King Jr. Day.And according to the Memphis Grizzlies, the seating capacity at the FedExForum will be at about 20% capacity. The Grizzlies said that everyone inside the arena would need to wear a mask at all times, and everyone will need to social distance. The team also announced that they would install more than 300 hand sanitizing stations would be placed throughout the arena for easy and ample access for guests.The 2020-21 season is set to tipoff Dec. 22, with teams playing 72 games. And last week, the league announced the structuring and format of how games were to be played during the coronavirus pandemic.In a press release, the league said that the regular-season would be released in two segments: the first half schedule will be released around the start of training camp, which is reportedly beginning the first week of December. The league will release the second-half portion towards the end of the first half of the season.Other notable changes occurring this season, per a press release by the league:Each team will play three games against each intraconference opponent, with each pairing featuring either two home games and one road game or one home game and two road games. Within each team's division, the league office has randomly assigned which two opponents will be played twice at home and which two opponents will be played twice on the road.A play-in tournament will determine the seventh and eighth playoff seeds.All five teams from within a division will play all five teams from one other intraconference division twice at home, and all five teams from the remaining intraconference division twice on the road.Each team will play two games against each interconference opponent (30 total games per unit), with each pairing featuring one home game and one road game.The NBA also released this tentative calendar of important dates for the upcoming season:Dec. 11-19, 2020: Preseason gamesDec. 22, 2020 – March 4, 2021: First Half of regular seasonMarch 5-10, 2021: All-Star breakMarch 11 – May 16, 2021: Second Half of regular seasonMay 18-21, 2021: Play-In TournamentMay 22 – July 22, 2021: 2021 NBA Playoffs 3937

Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a warning letter to JUUL Labs Inc. for marketing unauthorized modified risk tobacco products by engaging in labeling, advertising, and/or other activities directed to consumers, including a presentation given to youth at a school. The agency also sent a letter to the company expressing concern, and requesting more information, about several issues raised in a recent Congressional hearing regarding JUUL’s outreach and marketing practices, including those targeted at students, tribes, health insurers and employers. 578

TOKYO (AP) — Organizers are saying that a limited number of non-Japanese fans may be allowed to attend next year's Tokyo Olympics.CEO Toshiro Muto says after a meeting on infection countermeasures that fans could face some stringent rules. This would include screening for COVID-19 before they leave home. Non-Japanese fans may also face a 14-day quarantine, depending on their area of origin.Muto says this is still open to discussion.When asked if foreigners to Japan would follow the rules, Muto said it'd be difficult to control their movement and behavior.According to Reuters, Muto said that Olympic organizers are working with Japanese authorities to ensure that athletes and Olympic-related staff will not have to quarantine for 14 days.The goal is for athletes and workers to train and perform their duties leading up to the Olympics, which are expected to start in Summer 2021.There will be extensive screening on arrival and perhaps health-tracking apps to download and a rule book to be complied with. 1021

Three national parks recorded its highest number of visitors last month.According to The Billings Gazette, Yellowstone National Park recorded more than 360,000 visitors in October, which is an increase of 110% from last October.Its previous October record was set in 2015 when 252,000 guests visited the 2.2 million-acre national park.But for the whole year, visitation is down 6% from the same time as last year, with about 3,740,000 people visiting the park, the Associated Press reported, but that's because the park was closed for two months due to the coronavirus pandemic.Another national park that saw record crowds was Grand Teton National Park, located 31 miles from Yellowstone.In October, Grand Teton saw more than 351,000 guests, which is up 88% percent from this exact time last year, the Gazette reported. According to the newspaper, the national park's previous October record was set in 2018 with more than 207,000 visitors.The newspaper also stated that Glacier National Park recorded more than 125,000 tourists last month. In 2018, only 78,000 guests visited, and over the previous three years, the national park has recorded about 85,000 people. 1172