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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The National Institutes of Health highlighted research Tuesday out of UC San Diego that could unlock a new way to treat COVID-19.The research reveals new insight into how the coronavirus hijacks cells, and how doctors might be able to set traps or decoys to combat the virus. The findings were published in the journal Cell last month.“It does open up another avenue for a potential treatment,” said UC San Diego distinguished professor Dr. Jeffrey Esko. “It’s not a cure. It would be something that would tamp down infection potentially.”Since January, scientists around the world have understood that SARS-Co-V2, the official name of the new coronavirus, enters cells by latching onto a specific receptor on the cell’s surface, called ACE2.The UCSD team, led by Dr. Esko and visiting scholar Dr. Thomas Clausen, discovered that this entry mechanism is actually a two-step process, and the virus must also attach to a long chain of sugars called heparan sulfate.“We’ve shown this is fundamental to the infectious mechanism, so it needs to be part of every study from now on,” said Clausen.All cells are coated with a complex layer of sugars, or carbohydrates, called glycans. Heparan sulfate is one type of glycan that is known to play a key role in the infection process in several viruses, including herpes and other coronaviruses.It’s a complicated process to picture so the researchers offer an analogy: imagine a bird, soaring over trees, hunting a worm on the forest floor. The bird is the coronavirus and the trees are the thick layer of glycans that coat the surface of the cell.To reach the worm, which in this case is the receptor ACE2, the bird must navigate its way through the trees, specifically through heparan sulfate.The UCSD found that by removing the heparan sulfate trees with an enzyme, they were able to prevent the virus from infecting cells. In laboratory testing, they also found a second technique worked to foil the virus: introducing more trees as bait.The team found that heparin, an FDA-approved drug that is similar in structure to heparan sulfate, successfully acted as decoy. Heparin is a widely used drug designed to treat blood clots. Since blood clots and strokes are common complications with COVID-19, many doctors already administer heparin to patients.The UCSD team demonstrated that the two approaches can block infection in lab-grown cells about 80 to 90 percent of the time.“Certainly in the laboratory you can demonstrate that it works, but to deploy it and use it as a therapeutic has not been demonstrated,” Esko said.The NIH noted that more studies are planned to explore whether heparin, heparan sulfate, or drugs that target heparan sulfate might yield a viable COVID-19 treatment.Dr. Esko said he’s already been in talks with companies that plan to use their study as a rationale for a clinical trial.“It is very humbling when you realize we’re working on a pandemic right now, and maybe what we’ve done can contribute to a treatment for the disease,” he said. 3038

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The county's second case of measles this year has been reported, health officials announced Tuesday.The person was fully immunized but came into contact with an 11-month-old San Diego resident who contracted the disease after a recent trip to the Philippines.The second patient may have also exposed the public to measles at two locations, the County of San Diego Health and Human Services said. Those locations are:85? Bakery Café, 3361 Rosecrans Street, on Aug. 15, 16, 17 and 18 from 6 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.Min Sok Chon Korean Restaurant, 4620 Convoy Street, on Aug. 15 from 6:30 p.m. to 2 a.m.Ralph’s, 3011 Alta View Drive, on Aug. 16 from approximately 4:30 p.m. to 7:30 p.m.Officials added the case is under investigation and more locations may be identified later.“If you were at any of the locations at the dates and times listed, you should watch for symptoms of measles and call your health care provider if you show any signs of developing the disease,” said Dean Sidelinger, County interim deputy public health officer. “Measles is a very contagious disease that can be easily spread by coughing, sneezing or being in the same room with an infected person.”Measles can develop about seven to 21 days after exposure to the disease. Early symptoms include fever, cough, runny nose, and red eyes. A distinctive red rash also appears one to four days after symptoms appear, starting on the face and head then spreads downward and outward. A person is considered contagious four days before the rash appears.Anyone with symptoms is asked to call their doctor’s office before visiting directly.Complications from measles are more common in children younger than 5 and adults 20 years and older, though the risk is higher with children. Complications include diarrhea, ear infections, and pneumonia. In severe instances, death can occur.Since there is no treatment for measles, the best course is generally bed rest, fluids, and fever-control medication. Those will other health problems may need treatment for those specific conditions as well. 2073

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Surveillance pictures were released Tuesday of a woman who San Diego Police believe struck a parked car and critically injured her passenger in Lincoln Park.The crash happened just before 5 a.m. on the 500 block of South 47th St.A woman driving a gray 2010 Mazda 3 moved to the right side of the road and struck an unoccupied, parked SUV, police said.The crash caused a 79-year-old man who was in the back seat of the Mazda to be thrown forward, striking the front passenger’s seat. The man was not wearing a seatbelt. Police said he is not expected to survive significant head and neck injuries.A 39-year-old man who was sitting in the back seat of the Mazda suffered minor injuries.Police said the female driver walked away from the scene before officers arrived. She is described as African-American and in her 50s. She was wearing a long-sleeve purple shirt, gray ripped jeans, black socks, and no shoes.Anyone with information is asked to call San Diego Police or Crime Stoppers at (888) 580-8477. 1034

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The Del Mar Fairgrounds announced layoffs Thursday amid the coronavirus pandemic.According to the fairgrounds, staffing will be reduced by 58 percent due to a loss of revenue."Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent ban on mass gatherings, the 22nd District Agricultural Association|Del Mar Fairgrounds (22nd DAA) has suffered severe financial losses to its income streams."The fairgrounds says since March, revenues have fallen by 66 percent "Combined with the postponement of the San Diego County Fair and no patrons for this year’s summer horse racing meet, revenues are estimated to be down 92 percent by the end of the summer."The fairgrounds will give employees 120 days of continued employement with an official layoff date of October 15.“It is with a heavy heart that we must make the difficult decision to reduce staffing at this time,” said Tim Fennell, CEO and General Manager of the Del Mar Fairgrounds. “Until it is safe to host events again, reducing our staffing levels is crucial to the survival of the Del Mar Fairgrounds. We must preserve this community treasure in order to continue its legacy for future generations as an economic engine for the region and a beloved entertainment and education destination. I look forward to the day when we can operate at full strength again.” 1334

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Thanksgiving with the Salvation Army will be different in 2020 because of the coronavirus pandemic."We knew that we were going to do something," says Captain Sean Kelsley, who oversees the Salvation Army East County Operations. "The question was, what would it look like?"For the past 30 years, the Salvation Army held large, family-style gatherings to feed people experiencing homelessness, the disabled, and families in need at Golden Hall for Thanksgiving. They plan for 1,800 people, plus volunteers.But a gathering of 2,000+ people is strictly forbidden under California and San Diego County COVID-19 guidelines.In its place, the Salvation Army will offer "grab-and-go" style meals at four locations around the county."We're just glad to be able to be here," says Captain Kelsey. "However people celebrate the holidays, they'll at least be able to get some turkey and some gravy and all that good stuff."People will also receive an additional bag of fruit and snacks with their meals.In addition to providing food, Captain Kelsey says it's a way to connect with people and help them through whatever hardships they face."It allows us to encourage people and find out about a situation that is so dire, that maybe we can wrap around that individual that family, get them plugged in, and get them connected so they can get back on their feet," he says.Service for the meals will start at 11 am at the following locations:Oceanside Corps: 3935 Lake Blvd, Oceanside, CA 92056Centre City Corps: 825 7th Avenue, San Diego, CA 92101Citadel Corps: 4170 Balboa Ave, San Diego, CA 92117El Cajon Red Shield Center: 1025 E. Main St, El Cajon, CA 92021 1671