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WASHINGTON, Aug. 17 (Xinhua) -- Latest research shows that the Moon could be younger than previous estimates. The findings were published online Wednesday in the Nature journal.The prevailing theory of the Moon's origin is that it was created by a giant impact between a large planet-like object and the proto-Earth. The energy of this impact was sufficiently high that the Moon formed from melted material that was ejected into space. As the Moon cooled, this magma solidified into different mineral components. Analysis of lunar rock samples thought to have been derived from the original magma has given scientists a new estimate of the Moon's age.According to this theory for lunar formation, a rock type called ferroan anorthosite, or FAN, is the oldest of the Moon's crustal rocks, but scientists have had difficulty dating FAN samples. The research team used newly refined techniques to determine the age of a sample of FAN from the lunar rock that was brought back to Earth by the Apollo 16 mission in 1972.The team analyzed the isotopes of the elements lead and neodymium to place the FAN sample's age at 4.36 billion years. This figure is significantly younger than earlier estimates of the Moon's age that range as old as the age of the solar system at 4. 568 billion years. The new, younger age obtained for the oldest lunar crust is similar to ages obtained for the oldest terrestrial minerals -- zircons from western Australia -- suggesting that the oldest crusts on both Earth and Moon formed at approximately the same time, and that this time dates from shortly after the giant impact.This study is the first in which a single sample of FAN yielded consistent ages from multiple isotope dating techniques. This result strongly suggests that these ages pinpoint the time at which the sample crystallized."The extraordinarily young age of this lunar sample either means that the Moon solidified significantly later than previous estimates, or that we need to change our entire understanding of the Moon's geochemical history," Carnegie Institute of Science's geochemist and study author Richard Carlson said.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 10 (Xinhua) -- After a journey of almost three years, NASA's Mars rover Opportunity has reached the Red Planet's Endeavour crater to study rocks never seen before, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced on Wednesday.Scientists hope it will find rocks and terrain much older than any other that the itinerant robot has examined during its seven years on the red planet.The U.S. space agency said that Opportunity arrived at the rim of Endeavour on Tuesday. The golf cart-size rover is expected to remain at the 22-kilometer-wide crater for the next few years.A portion of the west rim of Endeavour crater sweeps southward in this color view from NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity."NASA is continuing to write remarkable chapters in our nation' s story of exploration with discoveries on Mars and trips to an array of challenging new destinations," NASA Administrator Charles Bolden said in a statement. "Opportunity's findings and data ... will play a key role in making possible future human missions to Mars and other places where humans have not yet been."NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, which has been circling the planet since late 2005, detected clay minerals that form in wet conditions in the crater. Scientists want to find out if the minerals date back to Mars' distant past, when the planet is believed to have been wetter and warmer than the dry frozen desert it is today."We're soon going to get the opportunity to sample a rock type the rovers haven't seen yet," said Matthew Golombek, Mars Exploration Rover science team member, at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "Clay minerals form in wet conditions so we may learn about a potentially habitable environment that appears to have been very different from those responsible for the rocks comprising the plains."NASA is searching for signs that Mars had a habitable environment billions of years ago. Knowledge of the Martian climate will be important to future manned missions there, and can shed light on the forces that shaped Earth's climate.NASA launched the Mars rovers Opportunity and Spirit in 2003 for what were planned to be three-month missions. But both continued operating well beyond that. Spirit stopped communicating in March 2010.

SHENZHEN, June 18 (Xinhua) -- China established its first national gene bank on Friday in south China's city of Shenzhen with the support of the Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), officials said.With the establishment of the National Gene Bank in Shenzhen, China will be able to better protect, research and utilize its precious genetic resources, boosting the genetics industry and safeguarding the country's genetic information, said Qi Chengyuan, head of the high-tech industry department of the National Development and Reform Committee (NDRC).The gene bank, which was approved by the NDRC in January, is based on data and facilities belonging to the BGI, but will grow with the help of extensive cooperation with other biological organizations both home and abroad, Qi said.The national gene bank "aims to lead the development of international bioindustry as one of the world's largest gene banks," said Yang Huanming, the BGI's president.The BGI, the world's largest genome-mapping institute, has more than 1,000 biological analysis devices working with top-of-the-line genome-sequencing machines.Analysts say the BGI differs from conventional labs, as it can handle data in vast quantities and industrialize its research. Some believe lower wages in China have also contributed to the BGI's competitiveness.Yang Bicheng, the BGI's spokesman, said the payment and welfare packages BGI offers are competitive in China's bioindustry."A researcher with about two years of experience earns around 100,000 yuan (15,440 U.S. dollars) a year. More outstanding researchers can get more, but the gap is not too great," Yang said.Yang said greater motivation comes from better prospects for academic achievements."Our young researchers can work with the world's leading scientists, participate in global science projects and be pioneers in new fields of research. Only BGI offers these kinds of opportunities in China," Yang said.The BGI has published 18 research papers in Science Magazine and the Nature Journal since 2007. The facility has become an international center for genome research and industrialization, with advanced technology and top talent, said Ji Xiaoming, head of the international cooperation department of the Ministry of Science and Technology.China is working to make its genetic research industry into one of the country's pillar industries.A plan approved by the State Council, or China's cabinet, in October 2010 said China will boost the industry by encouraging innovation, promoting industrial application of biological research, fostering market demand and deepening international cooperation.

BEIJING, Sept. 6 (Xinhuanet) -- The amount of space junks floating in Earth's orbit has reached a critical level, warned scientists.The future space missions may become too dangerous to fly for a risk of colliding with space junks, said a report released recently by the U.S. National Research Council (NRC).The kinds of space junks range from huge, the report said, there are thousands of discarded satellites and rocket boosters and countless tiny pieces of daily gabages from space missions.The debris are traveling in orbit at 17,500mph, at such a speed even a tiny clash can destroy a spacecraft.The NRC recommended that NASA should launch a plan to clean up the floating debris and called on other major space nations' cooperation."The current space environment is growing increasingly hazardous to spacecraft and astronauts," said Kessler, an ex-NASA researcher, "NASA needs to determine the best path forward for tackling the multifaceted problems caused by meteoroids and orbital debris that put human and robotic space operations at risk."

SYDNEY, Aug. 16 (Xinhua) -- People sitting in front of TV for hours on end could shorten their life expectancy by almost five years, according to an Australian study published on Tuesday by the British Journal of Sports Medicine.Researchers from the University of Queensland estimate that for every hour adults spend in front of TV, their life expectancy shortens by almost 22 minutes.Those who watched six hours a day lived 4.8 years less than those who don't watch TV.The study is the first in Australia to look into how TV habits affect longevity.The Australian researchers found that watching TV could have a similar negative impact on life expectancy to that of obesity, smoking and low physical activity."People don't realize how it all adds up," the study's lead author Dr. Lennert Veerman told the Australian Associated Press (AAP)."They should try not to watch too much TV and find alternative things to do, preferably things that are light activities," Veerman said.The study was based on data from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study and asked more than 11,000 people aged over 25 about their weekly TV viewing time.The study found that in 2008 Australian adults watched 9.8 billion hours of TV."These findings suggest that substantial loss of life may be associated with prolonged TV viewing time among Australian adults," the study said."TV viewing time may have adverse health consequences that rival those of lack of physical activity, obesity and smoking; every single hour of TV viewed may shorten life by as much as 22 minutes," it said."With further corroborative evidence, a public health case could be made that adults also need to limit the time spent watching TV."Australians are recommended to spend at least 30 minutes a day doing moderate-intensity physical activity to reduce an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.