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LOS ANGELES, July 28 (Xinhua) -- Mainly due to rampant obesity, Americans' life expectancy is one-and-a-half-year shorter than that of Western Europeans on the average, according to a new study published on Thursday.But 40 years ago, Americans could expect to live slightly longer than Europeans, said the study jointly conducted by researchers from University of Southern California (USC), the Harvard School of Public Health and the RAND Corp., a non-profit think tank.In addition to Western Europeans, Americans also die younger than the residents of most other developed nations, according to the study appearing in the July issue of Social Science & Medicine.The life-expectancy disparity, which begins around the age of 50, stems from higher levels of middle-age obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes, said the study.In the first half of the last century, average life expectancy increased by saving more babies, said author Dana Goldman, director of the Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics at the USC."But now it is reduction in mortality among the elderly, rather than the young, that propels increases in life expectancy," he said. "The question is whether 'being American' is an independent mortality risk factor."If 50-year-old U.S. adults could be as healthy as Europeans, it could save Medicare and Medicaid 632 billion dollars by 2050, the study said.Though the transition to better health initially raises expenditures, the researchers estimate that by 2050 healthcare savings from health improvements among the middle age could total more than 1.1 trillion dollars."The international life expectancy gap appears much easier to explain than gaps within countries: there is no American-specific effect on longevity beyond differences in disease at age 50," said Darius Lakdawalla, an associate professor in the USC School of Policy, Planning and Development.

BEIJING, Aug. 24 (Xinhuanet)-- A new study shows that a diet rich in cholesterol-friendly foods, such as soy products and tree nuts, can decrease LDL (bad) cholesterol significantly, according to media reports on Tuesday.The study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, found that people who ate a healthy diet filled with cholesterol-lowering foods experienced a 13 percent decrease in their LDL cholesterol levels.For patients with high levels of so-called bad cholesterol, doctors usually have two prescriptions: cholesterol-lowering statin drugs and a diet that cuts out foods high in saturated fat, such as ice cream, red meat and butter.But the new study found that when it comes to lowering artery-clogging cholesterol, what you eat may be more important than what you don't eat.David Jenkins of St. Michael's Hospital and the University created the "portfolio diet," which includes regular consumption of tree nuts and high amounts of fiber from oats, barley and vegetables. The diet, which replaces butter with plant sterol-enriched margarine and substitute soy-based products for meat, allows maximum benefit in lowering cholesterol and preventing heart disease. "The study highlighted the power of food to lower risk for cardiovascular disease: What you do eat and what you don't eat are both important," said Dr. Jane Klauer, a New York internist specializing in metabolism and nutrition.A high overall cholesterol level makes a person nearly twice as likely to suffer a heart attack or stroke as someone whose total cholesterol falls into a healthy range.

CANBERRA, Aug. 3 (Xinhua) -- As many as a quarter of Australian women have experienced some form of assault or sexual abuse, and the higher proportion of the abuse, the higher rates of metal illness a woman tends to suffer from, a new study released on Wednesday found.Researchers from the University of Melbourne and the University of New South Wales conducted the study survey of 4451 Australian women aged 16 to 85. It looked at their experience of the four most common types of gender-based violence - sexual assault, rape, stalking and being badly beaten by their partners.About 15 percent of Australian women report sexual assault, while eight percent report rape, 10 percent said they have a stalker and eight percent report being beaten by their partner.It found strong links between those four types of violence and mental health problems including attempted suicide, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic attacks, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse.Among the women who experienced at least one form of violence, 30 percent had a mood disorder, nearly 40 percent an anxiety disorder, 23 percent were abusing substances and 15 percent were affected by posttraumatic stress syndrome.For the women who suffered higher levels of violence, the rates of anxiety disorders was 77 percent, 52 percent for mood disorders, substance abuse 47 percent and posttraumatic stress syndrome 56 percent.More than six percent of women experienced one form of violent had attempted suicide, compared to 35 percent of women who suffered at least three forms of violence.Public health expert Dr Susan Rees from the University of New South Wales' school of psychiatry, who led the research, said she is especially concerned about the suicide rate of women who are abused."What we found was that there's a high association or a strong association between exposure to gender-based violence and all the three broad classes of mental disorder - so that includes mood, anxiety, substance abuse - and a very high association with attempted suicide," she said in the report released on Wednesday."Women who've not experienced gender-based violence have about a 1.6 percent rate of attempted suicide and that increased to six percent of women who had experienced one type of gender-based violence."She said that gender-based violence was also associated with physical disability, impaired quality of life and a worsening of any existing mental disorders.Dr Rees called for the health care system, particularly psychiatric services, to work closer with women's services to improve support for victims of violence.She added that the federal government also need to underscore the importance of getting to the root cause of the violence against women by looking at attitudes towards women and gender inequality.The study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

BEIJING, July 11 (Xinhuanet) -- Gay and bisexual men account for around one in every three new cases of HIV in China, according to the latest official statistics released by the Ministry of Health.About 5 percent of the group - officially termed men who have sex with men, or MSM - are living with the virus, which is a rate that is 88 times higher than the national HIV prevalence rate of 0.057 percent.The problem is particularly acute in large urban centers, with the prevalence rate in some southwestern cities reaching almost 20 percent.However, the statistics also show that less than half of all gay and bisexual men have access to HIV screening, while about 15 percent of those who are infected are not receiving treatment."Cities are at the heart of China's development and progress and must remain at the forefront of its HIV response," said Michel Sidibe, executive director of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), during a workshop about the HIV impact on MSM on Saturday in Chengdu, capital of Southwest China's Sichuan province."Through bold action cities can lead the way to achieving the UNAIDS vision of zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths," he said, according to a UNAIDS news release. "We hope that over the next year, many more Chinese cities will implement MSM strategies."Almost 10 percent of gay and bisexual men in Chengdu are HIV-positive, according to Yang Xiaoguang, director of the city's health bureau. He agreed with Sidibe that cities have a crucial role to play in AIDS prevention and added: "By working to build a strong, multi-sector response in Chengdu, with meaningful community participation, we can scale-up coverage of prevention, treatment and care services among MSM and halt the spread of HIV."During the workshop, senior Chinese health officials, representatives from civil societies and other delegates discussed a new five-year strategy that increases coverage of HIV prevention and treatment for the MSM population and promotes the participation of community organizations.Government estimates put China's population of gay men at between 5 and 10 million, although Zhang Beichuan, a leading expert on HIV at Qingdao University, puts the number closer to 30 million.Tong Ge, coordinator of China's MSM Health Forum, noted the importance of ensuring strong cooperation between the government and society."By building on the experiences of cities like Chengdu, which already have well developed AIDS responses, we can help promote multi-sector collaboration on an equal, orderly basis and strengthen the response to HIV nationwide," he said. "The next step will be to implement similar strategies in other cities nationwide."Chengdu's new strategy underscores the critical role community organizations can play in reaching MSM and other populations at a higher risk of infection, experts at the workshop said.In 2009, China had an estimated 740,000 people living with HIV/AIDS, according to UNAIDS statistics.

WASHINGTON, June 23 (Xinhua) -- NASA's next Mars rover has completed the journey from its California birthplace to Florida in preparation for launch this fall, the U.S. space agency said Thursday in a statement.The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover, also known as Curiosity, arrived Wednesday at NASA's Kennedy Space Center aboard an Air Force C-17 transport plane. It was accompanied by the rocket-powered descent stage that will fly the rover during the final moments before landing on Mars.The rover's aeroshell -- the protective covering for the trip to the Red Planet -- and the cruise stage, which will guide it to Mars, arrived at Kennedy last month. The mission is targeted to launch from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station between Nov. 25 and Dec. 18. The car-size rover will land on Mars in August 2012.The rover and other spacecraft components will undergo more testing before mission staff stack them and fuel the onboard propulsion systems. Curiosity should be enclosed in its aeroshell for the final time in September and delivered to Kennedy's Launch Complex 41 in early November for integration with a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket.Curiosity is about twice as long and more than five times as heavy as any previous Mars rover. Its 10 science instruments include two for ingesting and analyzing samples of powdered rock delivered by the rover's robotic arm. During a prime mission lasting one Martian year -- nearly two Earth years -- researchers will use the rover's tools to study whether the landing region has had environmental conditions favorable for supporting microbial life and favorable for preserving clues about whether life existed.