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CANBERRA, Sept. 7 (Xinhua) -- A team of Australian and U.S. scientists on Wednesday said they discovered a genetic defect, which can lead to Leigh syndrome, a rare disorder which affects the central nervous syndrome.The scientists tested more than 1000 genes by encoding proteins active in two individuals who suffer from the illness. They used a new technique known as next-generation DNA sequencing to examine the genes.The gene they discovered encodes an enzyme which is found in the mitochondria which are subsets of cells. Without this enzyme the mitochondria do not translate proteins efficiently, and this then causes Leigh syndrome.According to David Thorburn, from the Murdoch Children's Research Institute in Melbourne, the discovery shows the enormous potential of the new technology."These findings demonstrate the ability of sequencing technologies to improve diagnosis," Professor Thorburn said in a statement released on Wednesday."Although it isn't clear in the case of Leigh syndrome whether the precise molecular diagnosis will necessarily lead to therapies, the current findings represent a meaningful service."He added that diagnosis of the disease along with its specific genetic cause can also be informative about the risk a couple has of having another affected child. The diagnostic information can help in decisions about whether and how to pursue alternative means of having children, for instance through the use of donor sperm or eggs.The research team consisted of scientists from Australia's Murdoch Institute as well as the Broad Institute in the U.S.In Leigh syndrome, infants are born apparently healthy only to develop movement and breathing disorders that worsen over time, often leading to death by the age of three. The problem is that the mitochondria responsible for powering their cells cannot keep up with the demand for energy in their developing brains.

WELLINGTON, Sept. 27 (Xinhua) -- New Zealand and Japanese scientists are teaming up to develop healthier foods under two government-funded "functional foods" projects.One project, to be led by New Zealand's Massey University, will work with New Zealand food companies to create and develop a functional food with specific health enhancing effects for menopausal women, New Zealand Science and Innovation Minister Wayne Mapp announced Tuesday.The other project, to be led in New Zealand by Plant and Food Research, would use mass spectrometry to develop a "metabolic atlas" of the chemical composition of allium vegetables, such as onions and garlic, which the horticultural industry could use to develop new food products with health benefits.Mapp said the two research projects would be awarded a total of 1 million NZ dollars (782,000 U.S. dollars) in funding to strengthen collaborative research relationships between New Zealand and Japan, Mapp said."These research projects have strong commercial potential, including through the Japanese market, and so have the potential to benefit our economy," said Mapp."The government is committed to building and strengthening research relationships with other countries that will achieve world-class scientific results and lead to new innovative technologies."The two projects awarded funding under Ministry of Science and Innovation's Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) funding round focus on functional foods. The ministry and Japan each fund half the cost of each research project awarded funding.

SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 22 (Xinhua) -- Hewlett-Packard (HP) on Monday unveiled a new business desktop computer, days after the world's largest personal computer (PC) maker announced its plan to sell its PC business.The company said the new model, HP Compaq 8200 Elite All-in-One Business Desktop, is the industry's first all-in-one PC that integrates Intel's second-generation Core vPro technology, which can deliver up to 40 percent better performance, 15 percent faster hard drive access and reduced downtime via remote information technology management."Another industry first in our Elite desktop family demonstrates our commitment to engineering excellence and underscores our global leadership in secure, enterprise computing, " Jeff Groudan, HP's director of commercial desktop marketing, said in a statement.HP said the new computer is available now in the United States. It starts at the price of 999 U.S. dollars, and comes with a standard three-year warranty.Last Thursday the company announced that it is considering a full or partial separation of its PC business through a spin-off or other transactions, a process that HP estimates may take about 12 to 18 months.

LOS ANGELES, July 6 (Xinhua) -- NASA scientists have got the first-ever, up-close details of a Saturn storm that is eight times the surface area of Earth, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL) announced on Wednesday.The images were captured by NASA's Cassini spacecraf, according to JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.On Dec. 5, 2010, Cassini first detected the storm that has been raging ever since. It appears approximately 35 degrees north latitude of Saturn.The storm is the biggest observed by spacecraft orbiting or flying by Saturn. NASA's Hubble Space Telescope captured images in 1990 of an equally large storm.Pictures from Cassini's imaging cameras show the storm wrapping around the entire planet covering approximately two billion square miles (4 billion square kilometers).The storm is about 500 times larger than the biggest storm previously seen by Cassini during several months from 2009 to 2010. At its most intense, the storm generated more than 10 lightning flashes per second.Cassini has detected 10 lightning storms on Saturn since the spacecraft entered the planet's orbit.Those storms rolled through an area in the southern hemisphere dubbed "Storm Alley." "Cassini shows us that Saturn is bipolar," said Andrew Ingersoll, a Cassini imaging team member at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. "Saturn is not like Earth and Jupiter, where storms are fairly frequent. Weather on Saturn appears to hum along placidly for years and then erupt violently. I'm excited we saw weather so spectacular on our watch."The new details about this storm complement atmospheric disturbances described recently by scientists using Cassini's composite infrared spectrometer and the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. NASA's JPL manages the mission for the agency's Science Mission Directorate in Washington.

BEIJING, Sept. 23 (Xinhua) -- A defunct U.S. satellite is expected to crash down to Earth Friday, with nobody knowing where or when exactly it will hit. This was avoidable, a Chinese expert said Thursday.Pang Zhihao, a researcher from the Chinese Research Institute of Space Technology, told Xinhua that the crash could have been avoided had the satellite been put into a higher orbit, or manipulated to drop in the South Pacific when it had abundant fuel. It would pose no threat to Earth if these measures had been taken.NASA's tumbling, 5,900 kg Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, or UARS, is the first of such man-made space vehicles that have been launched into outer space according to the agency's Mission to Planet Earth. The mission was launched in the 1990s.The mission is designed to provide data for better understanding Earth's upper atmosphere and the effects of natural and human interactions on the atmosphere.The satellite was deactivated in 2005 as it ran out of fuel and was left orbiting Earth like a big piece of space junk.There are other cases of defunct satellites. The European Space Agency said earlier its observation satellite ERS-2 has run out of fuel and is deorbiting. It would therefore also crash sooner or later.Pang said all countries which are operating space vehicles should take care of their own spacecrafts so that they won't pose any danger.The expert also said that the public need not worry too much.Pang said most spacecrafts will be incinerated upon re-entering Earth's atmosphere, and the debris will mostly likely fall into the ocean or hit an uninhabited area. In addition, a debris tracker is able to give a comparatively accurate prediction where the craft will fall about two hours before it hits Earth, giving residents, if there are any, time to evacuate.He added that there are several ways to minimize the threat of decommissioned spacecrafts, like putting them into higher orbits and crashing them into designated waters.Scientific progress would possibly bring about more ways of dealing with tumbling satellites. Scientists have already been trying to build spacecrafts with degradable materials so that they can self-destruct when re-entering Earth's atmosphere.