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BEIJING, Feb. 24 (Xinhua) -- The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) will vote on draft laws on vehicle and boat taxes at the end of its bimonthly sessions on Friday.The group is also expected to vote on protecting the nation's intangible cultural heritage and a draft amendment to the Criminal Law.The Chairperson's Council of the NPC Standing Committee adopted the decision at a Thursday meeting presided over by NPC Standing Committee Chairman Wu Bangguo.The three drafts will undergo further deliberation and revision based upon the opinion of the members of the NPC Standing Committee before the laws are put to a vote.Under the draft law on vehicle and vessel taxes, there will be a reduction in taxes for vehicles with engines smaller than 2.0 liters, which accounts for 87 percent of China's cars. Vehicle owners would also be required to submit tax certificates in order to qualify for a road-worthiness certificate.
BEIJING, Feb. 14 (Xinhuanet) -- The exchange rate against the US dollar is currently at an appropriate level but could fluctuate in the future, Yi Gang, vice-governor of the central bank and head of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, said on Sunday."In the future, as markets fluctuate and labor productivity changes, the rate will certainly show some fluctuation," he said at a seminar. Last Thursday, the yuan's central parity rate rose to a record high of 6.5849 against the US dollar, after rising for three consecutive trading days, before declining to 6.5952 on Friday.The yuan has appreciated about 3.6 percent against the dollar since mid-June. A report from the US Treasury said earlier that on an inflation-adjusted basis, the appreciation was even higher, at an annual rate of more than 10 percent.US Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said last Wednesday that China's recent measures to control inflation by raising interest rates is "surprising" and urged Beijing to let its currency rise in value.Currently the exchange rate is still underestimated by no more than 10 percent, said Lu Mai, secretary-general of the China Development Research Foundation (CDRF).The resilience of exporters to the rising yuan is stronger than previously estimated, which helps to pave the way for more currency reform to liberalize the yuan, he said.In 2007 and 2008, the Chinese currency rose by 7 percent annually against the US dollar, but China's GDP only declined by 0.28 percentage points, with inflation down by 0.42 points and workers' wages up by 0.07 points, according to CDRF research."The figures showed that progressive currency reform since July 2005 was successful, and the government should accelerate the reform and further free the yuan in the next five years to promote healthy, long-term economic development," Lu said.China should keep the proportion of its trade surplus to GDP within 5 percent, and avoid further increasing its huge foreign exchange reserves to allow the currency to settle at a balanced level, he said.China's foreign reserves rose to a record .85 trillion at the end of last year, an 18.7 percent increase year-on-year, according to statistics from the People's Bank of China, the central bank.Yi said he took note of the CDRF findings, but emphasized that further moves depended on both the domestic and international economic situation and appropriate timing.Lu Feng, an economist at Peking University, said now is the right time to deepen currency reform and let the yuan trade at a higher price as inflation is rising.Analysts have predicted that the yuan will appreciate this year as inflation may see the government opt for a rising yuan to lower the cost of purchasing international commodities.Lian Ping, chief economist at the Bank of Communications, predicted the yuan would rise by 5 to 7 percent in 2011.
LOS ANGELES, April 1 (Xinhua) -- A NASA Gulfstream-III aircraft equipped with a synthetic aperture radar is scheduled to depart Sunday, April 3 on a nine-day mission to image Hawaii volcanoes, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) announced on Friday.The aircraft will fly from the Dryden Aircraft Operations Facility in Palmdale, California to the Big Island of Hawaii to study the Kilauea volcano that recently erupted, said JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.The mission will help scientists better understand processes occurring under Earth's surface, JPL said.Developed by JPL, the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar, or UAVSAR, uses a technique called interferometric synthetic aperture radar that sends pulses of microwave energy from the aircraft to the ground to detect and measure very subtle deformations in Earth's surface, such as those caused by earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides and glacier movements.As the Gulfstream-III flies at an altitude of about 12,500 meters, the radar, located in a pod under the aircraft's belly, will collect data over Kilauea, according to JPL.The UAVSAR's first data acquisitions over this volcanic region took place in January 2010, when the radar flew over the volcano daily for a week. The UAVSAR detected deflation of Kilauea's caldera over one day, part of a series of deflation-inflation events observed at Kilauea as magma is pumped into the volcano's east rift zone.This month's flights will repeat the 2010 flight paths to an accuracy of within 5 meters, or about 16.5 feet, assisted by a Platform Precision Autopilot designed by engineers at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center on Edwards Air Force Base, California, JPL said.By comparing these camera-like images, interferograms are formed that reveal changes in Earth's surface, said JPL.Between March 5 and 11, 2011, a spectacular fissure eruption occurred along the east rift zone. Satellite radar imagery captured the progression of this volcanic event."The April 2011 UAVSAR flights will capture the March 2011 fissure eruption surface displacements at high resolution and from multiple viewing directions, giving us an improved resolution of the magma injected into the east rift zone that caused the eruption," said JPL research scientist Paul Lundgren."Our goal is to be able to deploy the UAVSAR on short notice to better understand and aid in responding to hazards from Kilauea and other volcanoes in the Pacific region covered by this study," Lundgren added.
BEIJING, Feb. 28 (Xinhua) -- Construction began on China's first low-speed maglev line Monday in Beijing, a project that will make China only the second country with a low-speed maglev line after Japan.The project marked China's ability to industrialize low-speed maglev technologies, said Chang Wensen, father of China's maglev technology and professor at the National University of Defense Technology.The 10-kilometer line runs from Shimenying Station in west Beijing's Mentougou District to Pingguoyuan Station in the Shijingshan District.The line, a section of Line S1 on the Beijing subway network, is expected to be completed in 2013 with a designed speed of 100 to 120 km per hour.China's research of maglev technologies was started in the 1980s by a team led by Chang Wensen. A 204-meter test line in central China's Hunan Province and a 1.5-km test line in north China's Hebei Province were built jointly by Beijing Maglev Technology Development Co., Ltd. and National University of Defense Technology.The intensity of the magnetic field had been tested as safe, according to a test report of Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences.The cost of the low-speed maglev line was estimated at 300 million yuan (4.6 million U.S. dollars) per kilometer, slightly more than light rail, but cheaper than the subway, which cost more than 600 million yuan a kilometer, said Li Jie, director of technology research center of National University of Defense Technology.The technology was also under consideration for Line 8 of the subway network in Shenzhen, in south China's Guangdong Province, said Liu Zhiming, board chairman of Beijing Maglev Technology Development Co., Ltd.."If Shenzhen adopts the technology, Line 8 will be China's second low-speed maglev line," he said.The world's first low-speed maglev line, at 8.9 km long, was completed in Japan in March 2005.Maglev, short for magnetic levitation, technology uses a large number of magnets to lift and propel a vehicle, making it faster, quieter and smoother than conventional wheeled transport systems.High-speed maglev vehicles can reach speeds of 450 km per hour and are usually used in long distance transportation, while low-speed maglev lines are usually used in short distance transportation.Construction also began on another seven lines on the Beijing subway network Monday.With an investment of 82 billion yuan (12 billion U.S. dollars), the eight lines will total 113.7 km in length and are expected to open from 2013 to 2015.Beijing has 16 lines under construction.
WASHINGTON, May 2 (Xinhua) -- Rice originated in China, a team of U.S. genome researchers has concluded in a study tracing back thousands of years of evolutionary history through large-scale gene re-sequencing.Their findings, which appear Monday in the latest issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), indicate that domesticated rice may have first appeared as far back as approximately 9,000 years ago in the Yangtze Valley of China. Previous research suggested domesticated rice may have two points of origin -- India as well as China.Asian rice, Oryza sativa, is one of world's oldest crop species. It is also a very diverse crop, with tens of thousands of varieties known throughout the world. Two major subspecies of rice -- japonica and indica -- represent most of the world's varieties. Sushi rice, for example, is a type of japonica, while most of the long-grain rice in risottos are indica.Because rice is so diverse, its origins have been the subject of scientific debate. One theory -- a single-origin model -- suggests that indica and japonica were domesticated once from the wild rice O. rufipogon.Another -- a multiple-origin model -- proposes that these two major rice types were domesticated separately and in different parts of Asia. The multiple-origin model has gained currency in recent years as biologists have observed significant genetic differences between indica and japonica, and several studies examining the evolutionary relationships among rice varieties supported more than domestication in both India and China.In the PNAS study, the researchers re-assessed the evolutionary history, or phylogeny, of domesticated rice using previously published datasets, some of which have been used to argue that indica and japonica rice have separate origins. Using more modern computer algorithms, however, the researchers concluded these two species have the same origin because they have a closer genetic relationship to each other than to any wild rice species found in either India or China.In addition, the study's authors examined the phylogeny of domesticated rice by re-sequencing 630 gene fragments on selected chromosomes from a diverse set of wild and domesticated rice varieties. Using new modeling techniques, which had previously been used to look at genomic data in human evolution, their results showed that the gene sequence data was more consistent with a single origin of rice.In the study, the investigators also used a "molecular clock" of rice genes to see when rice evolved. Depending on how the researchers calibrated their clock, they pinpointed the origin of rice at possibly 8,200 years ago, while japonica and indica split apart from each other about 3,900 years ago. The study's authors pointed out that these molecular dates were consistent with archaeological studies.Archaeologists have uncovered evidence in the last decade for rice domestication in the Yangtze Valley beginning approximately 8, 000 to 9,000 years ago while domestication of rice in the India's Ganges region was around about 4,000 years ago."As rice was brought in from China to India by traders and migrant farmers, it likely hybridized extensively with local wild rice," explained New York University biologist Michael Purugganan, one of the study's co-authors. "So domesticated rice that we may have once thought originated in India actually has its beginnings in China."