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WASHINGTON, Dec. 22 (Xinhua) -- The journal Science on Thursday chose the HPTN 052 clinical trial, an international HIV prevention trial as the 2011 Breakthrough of the Year.The study found that if HIV-infected heterosexual individuals begin taking anti-retroviral medicines when their immune systems are relatively healthy as opposed to delaying therapy until the disease has advanced, they are 96 percent less likely to transmit the virus to their uninfected partners. Findings from the trial, first announced in May, were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in August.The study was funded by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health."The HPTN 052 study convincingly demonstrated that anti- retroviral medications can not only treat but also prevent the transmission of HIV infection among heterosexual individuals," said NIAID Director Anthony Fauci in a statement. "We are pleased that Science recognized the extraordinary public health significance of these study results."Science's list of nine other ground-breaking scientific achievements from 2011 include:The Hayabusa Mission: After some near-disastrous technical difficulties and a stunningly successful recovery, Japan's Hayabusa spacecraft returned to Earth with dust from the surface of a large, S-type asteroid. This asteroid dust represented the first direct sampling of a planetary body in 35 years, and analysis of the grains confirmed that the most common meteorites found on Earth, known as ordinary chondrules, are born from these much larger, S-type asteroids.Unraveling Human Origins: Studying the genetic code of both ancient and modern human beings, researchers discovered that many humans still carry DNA variants inherited from archaic humans, such as the mysterious Denisovans in Asia and still-unidentified ancestors in Africa. One study this year revealed how archaic humans likely shaped our modern immune systems, and an analysis of Australopithecus sediba fossils in South Africa showed that the ancient hominin possessed both primitive and Homo-like traits.Capturing a Photosynthetic Protein: In vivid detail, researchers in Japan have mapped the structure of the Photosystem II, or PSII, protein that plants use to split water into hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The crystal-clear image shows off the protein's catalytic core and reveals the specific orientation of atoms within. Now, scientists have access to this catalytic structure that is essential for life on Earth -- one that may also hold the key to a powerful source of clean energy.Pristine Gas in Space: Astronomers using the Keck telescope in Hawaii to probe the faraway universe wound up discovering two clouds of hydrogen gas that seem to have maintained their original chemistry for two billion years after the big bang. Other researchers identified a star that is almost completely devoid of metals, just as the universe's earliest stars must have been, but that formed much later. The discoveries show that pockets of matter persisted unscathed amid eons of cosmic violence.

BEIJING, Jan. 10 (Xinhuanet) -- Conflicts among hundreds of scalpers raring to stock up on the new iPhone 4S are casting a shadow over the gadget's launch on the Chinese mainland on Friday.Over the weekend, scalpers from two groups bickered and shoved each other when standing in line to purchase iPhone 4 at Apple's Sanlitun store, said witnesses.Workers from two Apple stores in Beijing told China Daily the stores have not started online bookings for the iPhone 4S so far."More than 1,000 of us have gathered to buy all the available iPhone 4 this morning," said a scalper hawking the phone outside the Sanlitun store on Sunday."We'll come again on Friday for iPhone 4S. You'll have no hope of getting an iPhone 4 or 4S from the store, but only from us."The scalpers are asking 4,450 yuan (705 U.S. dollars) for an 8-gigabyte iPhone 4, and 5,450 yuan for a smuggled iPhone 4S. Apple sells an 8-gigabyte iPhone 4 on the mainland for 3,988 yuan.An Apple employee at the Sanlitun store who declined to give her name told China Daily on Monday that the store was aware the scalpers may be planning to besiege the iPhone 4S launch, and the store has prepared for that.Calls to the public relations office of Apple China went straight to voice mail.Police of the Sanlitun police station refused China Daily's interview request.An officer of the property management company of the Sanlitun Village shopping mall, where the store is located, said on Sunday they had not been informed about the weekend fracas outside of the Apple store.But on Monday afternoon, staff members of the company dispersed the scalpers by sealing off part of the store's entrance.Workers at the Sanlitun store and property management staff confirmed two groups of scalpers fought on Saturday afternoon and Sunday when jumping the line or stopping each other to pay to get an iPhone 4.Since October 2010, Apple has ceased direct sales of iPhone 4 at its retail outlets in Beijing and Shanghai and is only accepting online orders or reservations and schedules pick-up at stores to curb rampant scalping.But the registration system for reserve and pick-up has become "momentarily unavailable because of heavy traffic volume" in recent days, said Apple's website.A scalper in his 30s outside the Sanlitun store boasted they had "hacked" Apple's reservation page. He described himself an "unofficial salesman" of Apple.Defending the actions of scalpers that lead to consumers having to pay more, he said "it's not our fault but Apple's, because they put too few products in the mainland market."This is not the first time scalpers have targeted Apple products.Two men and two women suffered minor injuries outside the Sanlitun store during a clash between a worker and angry customers as Apple fans waited to buy iPhone 4 and the newly released iPad 2 in May 2011.According to reports, the incident started when a worker confronted an alleged scalper for jumping the line. This led to a verbal conflict in which the alleged scalper was thrown against the corner of an outside wall, causing injuries to his face and wrist

BEIJING, Oct. 10 (Xinhuanet) -- China's small businesses turned to be the first to ring the alarm as the country is walking a fine line between fighting inflation and maintaining growth.Some entrepreneurs have disappeared and others have jumped off buildings almost every week since April in Wenzhou City, an entrepreneurial capital in eastern China's Zhejiang province, Xinhua reported.The sudden disappearance of the business owners has revealed a surprisingly gloomy picture for the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in China.RUNAWAY BOSSESAccording to a Xinhua investigation, at least 80 cash-strapped businesspeople in Wenzhou have skipped town or declared bankruptcy to invalidate more than 10 billion yuan (1.6 billion U.S. dollars) in debt.Just last month, two local entrepreneurs in Wenzhou killed themselves by jumping off the buildings and another broke his leg in a similar suicide attempt.The tragedies in Wenzhou are extreme cases of private SMEs struggling to survive a liquidity crunch amid the country's macro control policies set to curb inflation and cool down the over-heated property market.In Wenzhou, one-fifth of the 360,000 small and mid-sized businesses have stopped operating due to cash shortages, according to the city's council for small and medium-sized enterprises.Of the 855 companies surveyed by the Wenzhou Economic and Information Commission, more than 76 percent said they are almost out of money and are struggling to continue production.But many cash-strapped firms are unable to borrow money from banks, and some have turned to China's underground lending market to pool money from individuals and firms.The steep rates of the informal loans pushed some businesses to the brink of collapse.

OTTAWA, Nov. 21 (Xinhua) -- The leader of World Health Organization (WHO) Margaret Chan said in Canada on Monday that countries must make the health of women and children their highest priority.Speaking at a luncheon in Gatineau, Quebec, Chan said that maternal and infant health is the most pressing public health issue in the world.She made the remarks just hours after WHO announced Chan was the only candidate for the position on WHO director-general when Chan's appointment expires next year.An executive board meeting in Geneva between Jan. 16 and 23 will decide whether to put the name forward to the WHO Assembly in May, which would make the final decision regarding the appointment.Chan, a former health chief in China's Hong Kong, was elected director-general of the WHO in Nov. 2006.Before her tenure with WHO, Chan was head of public health in Hong Kong, where she managed the city's response to the world's first outbreak of the deadly H5N1 bird flu virus and an outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).Speaking in Gatineau, Chan, who earned her medical degree in Canada, said that she never expected to rise to such a lofty position."I just wanted to be a doctor. I just wanted to take care of women and children. When I was studying in Canada, I thought I would get married and have children. I never guessed I'd do anything like head the World Health Organization," she said.She said that she will continue to focus the WHO's attention on mothers and young children.Chan said that it's difficult to know how many mothers and young children die of preventable diseases, since more than 80 countries don't keep accurate death records, but she said that millions of children under five years of age are dying.Millions more are growing up physically and mentally stunted because of poor nutrition and medical care, she added."Without proper nutrition, the stunting we are seeing is horrific," she said. Unless babies have good food, including being breast-fed as infants, they grow up physically and mentally under-developed, Chan said."The first few years of a child's life are make or break," she said.Chan and the WHO held a meeting of the Expert Panel on Maternal and Child Health in Canada from Nov. 18 to Nov. 21. The panel was established by the United Nations Commission on Information and Accountability for Women's and Children's Health Report. At the invitation of the WHO, the Commission was co-chaired by Canada's Prime Minister Stephen Harper and the President of Tanzania, Dr. Jakaya Kikwete.Chan says she's hopeful funding from developed nations will continue to expand, despite the debt crisis facing many of them. The situation resembles the 1970s, with spikes in energy and food prices along with cuts to national budgets to restrain debt.Chan said she is relieved the International Monetary Fund will not press for public health cuts in countries that are struggling with debt.Beverley J. Oda, Minister of International Cooperation who is responsible for Canada's official aid affairs, delivered remarks at the luncheon on improving the health of children and mothers locally and globally."I am particularly proud of the strong partnership between the WHO and Canada in advancing global health, and working towards improvements that will help us achieve our shared goals," she said.Last Friday, Oda announced 25 new initiatives to further Canada 's support to 23 projects in Africa concerning Children and Youth, Food Security and Sustainable Economic Growth.Seven of these are multi-country projects supporting efforts to prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS, further improving child health, or increasing the capacity of African Regional Technical Centres. The others are targeted to support work in a range of individual African countries by working with Canadian, international and African-based organizations.

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