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WASHINGTON, July 12 (Xinhua) -- Two U.S. astronauts stepped out the International Space Station on Tuesday to retrieve a failed ammonia pump, which is the last spacewalk of the shuttle era, NASA announced.Space station astronauts Mike Fossum and Ron Garan completed the six-hour, 31-minute spacewalk at 3:53 p.m. EDT (1953 GMT). The duo retrieved a pump module from an external stowage platform on station and store it in shuttle Atlantis' cargo bay for return to Earth.The pump module failed in 2010, shutting down half of the space station's cooling system. Engineers will evaluate the module to determine the cause of the failure and plan to refurbish it for use as a spare.The astronauts also attached a Robotic Refueling Module experiment to the space station, which aims to test technologies for repairing and refueling satellites in space.It was the 249th spacewalk by U.S. astronauts and the 160th spacewalk in support of space station assembly and maintenance, totaling 1009 hours, nine minutes.Atlantis lifted off on Friday morning from Kennedy Space Center in Florida, on the 135th and final flight in NASA's shuttle program. Its return to the earth later this month will mark the end of the 30-year shuttle program.

LOS ANGELES, June 5 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have developed two new drugs that can prolong the lives of patients with advanced melanoma, it was announced on Sunday.Research on both drugs was presented at the on-going annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago, according to HealthDay News.This is the first big news in years for treatment of melanoma, one of the deadliest forms of skin cancer and one that is notoriously difficult to treat, let alone cure, the report said.The first treatment, vemurafenib, inhibits a gene mutation harbored in half of all melanoma patients, but is not yet approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.The other drug, Yervoy (ipilumumab), is an immune system therapy that won approval in March."The March FDA approval of ipilumumab (Yervoy) was the first new drug approval for melanoma in 13 years," said Tim Turnham, executive director of the Melanoma Research Foundation.The two drugs were developed by researchers at Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, the report said."This is really a huge step toward personalized care in melanoma," Dr. Paul Chapman, lead author of the first study and the attending physician in the melanoma/sarcoma service at Memorial Sloan-Kettering, said in a statement. "This (vemurafenib) is the first successful melanoma treatment tailored to patients who carry a specific gene mutation in their tumor, and could eventually become one of only two drugs available that improves overall survival in advanced cancers.""Having two trials that show a benefit in survival in patients with melanoma, both of these in first-line settings -- we weren't here just a few years ago," said Dr. Stephen Hodi, director of the Melanoma Center at Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. "These are huge, paradigm-shifting results for the field."In the vemurafenib trial, sponsored by the drug's makers, researchers randomly assigned 675 patients with advanced, inoperable melanoma to receive either the chemotherapy drug dacarbazine or vemurafenib. Vemurafenib targets the V600E mutation in the BRAF gene.At the three-month mark, patients taking vemurafenib were 63 percent less likely to die and 74 percent less likely to die or see their cancer return, compared to patients taking dacarbazine alone.Few patients had side effects in the vemurafenib group, although some did develop squamous cell carcinoma, a less dangerous form of skin cancer.This is the first drug that has been proven superior to chemotherapy in this group of hard-to-treat patients, the researchers said."There was such a substantial benefit that we recommended that patients cross over," Chapman said at a Sunday news briefing. "It' s unprecedented to report a trial this early. The median follow-up time was three months." Yet the differences between the two groups became evident almost immediately.Dr. Lynn Schuchter, co-moderator of the briefing and division chief of hematology-oncology at Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, said symptoms subsided in some patients almost immediately, enabling them to cut back on pain medication in just 72 hours."The median time to progression with dacarbazine was 1.6 months versus three months with vemurafenib, which is a huge difference," said Chapman.In the second study, about 500 patients were randomly picked to receive Yervoy plus dacarbazine or dacarbazine alone.Those taking both drugs lived a median of 11.2 months compared to 9.1 months for those taking dacarbazine alone. Time to recurrence of disease was about the same for both groups: 2.8 months and 2.6 months, respectively.Almost half of those taking the combination therapy were alive after one year, compared to 36.3 percent in the other group. After two years, the rates were 28.5 percent and 17.9 percent, respectively.By three years out, 20.8 percent of those in the combination group were alive compared with 12.2 percent of those taking chemotherapy alone.This is the first study to combine chemotherapy and immunotherapy both safely and effectively.A study to test vemurafenib in combination with Yervoy has already begun, according to HealthDay News.

BEIJING, Aug. 25 (Xinhua) -- China pledged on Thursday to make more efforts to aid people living in the drought-stricken Horn of Africa in collaboration with the International Committee for the Red Cross (ICRC)."We noticed that the ICRC launched an appeal regarding the situation in the Horn of Africa. The Red Cross Society of China (RCSC) has decided to donate 4 million yuan (about 623,000 U.S. dollars) to the ICRC for its humanitarian aid in the region," said Hua Jianmin, president of the RCSC, while meeting with visiting ICRC President Jakob Kellenberger in Beijing on Thursday.Earlier this month, the RCSC donated 8 million yuan (1.25 million dollars) to famine-plagued countries in the Horn of Africa to be used for emergency humanitarian aid.A donation of 2 million yuan was sent to Kenya through the country's Red Cross organization, while another 2 million went to Ethiopia. The other 4 million yuan was donated to other countries in the region.The Chinese government has decided to provide a total of 90 million yuan (14 million dollars) in emergency food assistance to countries in the Horn of Africa."The Red Cross Society of China is willing to work together with the International Committee for the Red Cross to meet the needs of those who have been affected (by the droughts)," Hua said.Some 12.4 million people in Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia and other countries in the region are in dire need of food due to a serious drought, the worst to hit the region since the 1980s.

BERLIN, June 6 (Xinhua) -- The German authorities said on Monday that Germany's first sample tests of the allegedly contaminated bean sprouts have found no E. coli strains that have sickened more than 2,000 people in Europe.According to a statement issued by the Agriculture Ministry of the Lower-Saxony state, 23 of 40 samples concerning the suspected sprouts from a market garden in the state have tested negative, and further tests are still pending."Based on the initial findings in tests of some of the samples, especially the seeds, we assume that intensive analytical efforts are needed to prove that the suspected pathogen is really there," the statement said.Beansprouts and salad sprouts are seen in this picture illustration taken in Berlin June 6, 2011.  The German authorities said on Monday that Germany's first sample tests of the allegedly contaminated bean sprouts have found no E. coli strains that have sickened more than 2,000 people in EuropeLower-Saxony's Agriculture Minister Gert Lindemann said Sunday that a market garden in the rural district of Uelzen had provided a connection "involving all the main outbreaks" of the disease.Restaurants and food outlets of almost all E. coli-affected areas had received shipments of sprouts directly or indirectly from the company, state officials said.The German authorities have been racing to track down the source of the pathogen since the outbreak, which has infected people in 12 countries, all of whom had once traveled in northern Germany.More than 600 of those infected have developed Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, a potentially deadly complication attacking the kidneys.The E. coli source was first thought to be cucumbers from Spain, which has caused huge loses for Spain farmers. However, this conclusion was overthrown by laboratory tests in Hamburg later.

SINGAPORE, July 10 (Xinhua) -- The upcoming Natural History Museum in Singapore launched a drive on Sunday to raise 12 million Singapore dollars (9.8 million U.S. dollars) by the end of the month to buy three dinosaur fossils from a company in Wyoming, the United States.The three dinosaurs on offer from the company Dinosauria International, thought to be a family, were found between 2007 and last year in the United States, the Straits Times reported on Sunday.Appollo and Prince, the two adult diplodocid sauropods, is about 24 meters long, while the baby Twinky is about 12 meters.The natural history museum is expected to be completed by 2014. The three dinosaur fossils will cost 870 million Singapore dollars, and an additional 370 million Singapore dollars will be spent to set up the exhibition."They wanted the museum to tell the story of the history of life and evolution. Dinosaurs are the history of life," said Professor Peter Ng, director of the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, referring to the approval from the scientific advisory committee for the acquisition.The Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research of the National University of Singapore went on an intensive fund raising campaign last year to build the dedicated Natural History Museum.The museum said it has found the amount to be challenging. It is therefore appealing for help from the public through the media."The idea was always to have a central gallery and put something there that would make people go 'Whoa!,'" said Ng.

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