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BEIJING, Jan. 17 (Xinhuanet) -- India has reported the first case of "totally drug-resistant tuberculosis," a long-feared and virtually untreatable form of the killer lung disease.Similar highly resistant cases have been noted before. In 2003, two Italian women died and there were 15 cases reported from Iran in 2009. That same year, The Associated Press reported on a case of a Peruvian teenager who was infected at home but diagnosed while visiting Florida.Such kind of TB has mostly been limited to impoverished areas, and has not spread widely. But experts believe there could be many undocumented cases.No one expects the Indian TB strains to rapidly spread elsewhere.The airborne disease is mainly transmitted through close personal contact and isn't nearly as contagious as the flu. Indeed, most of the cases of this kind of TB were not from person-to-person infection but were mutations that occurred in poorly treated patients.The Indian hospital that saw the initial cases tested a dozen medicines and none of them worked. A TB expert at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said they do appear to be totally resistant to available drugs."It is concerning," said Dr. Kenneth Castro, director of the CDC's Division of Tuberculosis Elimination. "Anytime we see something like this, we better get on top of it before it becomes a more widespread problem."Ordinary TB is easily cured by taking antibiotics for six to nine months. However, if that treatment is interrupted or the dose is cut down, the stubborn bacteria battle back and mutate into a tougher strain that can no longer be killed by standard drugs. The disease becomes harder and more expensive to treat.Tuberculosis is an age-old scourge that lies dormant in an estimated one in three people. About 10 percent of those people eventually develop active TB, which kills roughly 2 million a year, according to WHO. Each victim infects an average of 10 to 15 others every year, typically through sneezing or coughing.If a TB case is found to be resistant to the two most powerful anti-TB drugs, the patient is classified as having multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR). An even worse classification of TB — one the WHO accepts — is extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR), a form of the disease that was first reported in 2006 and is virtually resistant to all drugs.About 20 percent of the world's multi-drug-resistant cases were found in India, which is home to a quarter of all types of tuberculosis cases worldwide.
BEIJING, Nov. 10 (Xinhuanet) -- Awareness in three vegetative patients were detected in a portable electrode test, a new study shows. If replicated, the method may change standards in treating such patients.The new study, published online in the journal The Lancet Wednesday, was reported to be the first to detect signs of awareness in patients living in the unresponsive state through more accessible electroencephalogram (EEG) machine.The EEG is a portable and more affordable technique than Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner, but it is as effective as the MRI to diagnose patients in the vegetative state, according to the research team led by Damian Cruse and Adrian M. Owen of the University of Western Ontario.In the research test, the team hooked 16 previously determined to be vegetative patients to EEG machines and gave simple instructions to them like moving their fingers and toes.The machines show that the patterns in the premotor cortex, the area of the brain that plans and prepares movements, in three of 16 patients were exactly the same as those of healthy volunteers.While the patients were able to follow simple instructions, they were not able to make their own decisions about their state, the researchers said.
BEIJING, Jan. 10 (Xinhua) -- China's energy chief said here Tuesday that the country is under greater pressure to ensure energy supply this year as both demand and international competition for resources grows.Liu Tienan, head of the National Energy Administration (NEA), made the remarks when speaking at a national energy work conference."It is always worrisome to have to sustain supply of energy and resources for a country with 1.3 billion people," Liu said.As China is facing a "grim situation" in energy saving and emission reduction, Liu noted, it is urgent to restructure the country's energy use and control the gross consumption volume this year.To ensure a stable energy supply, China will optimize the layout of energy exploration, start construction of energy-transmission projects and other major energy programs while boosting reserves of oil, natural gas and coal in 2012, Liu said.The NEA plans to add another 200 metric tons to the country's coal-producing capacity this year plus 70 million kw of new installed power-generating capacity.If the ecology is protected and people are relocated, China will start construction of hydropower projects of 20 million kw in 2012, according to the NEA.Once safety is ensured, nuclear power will be developed after the country's new safety plan is approved.As for renewable energy development, the NEA plans to launch wind power projects with a total capacity between 15 million kw and 18 million kw, while developing 3 million kw of solar power over the new five-year period ending 2015.Liu said, in 2012, the country aims to provide electricity to another 600,000 people who currently have no access to it and expand electricity access to 5 million people by 2015.The NEA has budgeted 65 billion yuan (10.3 billion U.S. dollars) for upgrading the grids in rural areas.Over the next four years, China will facilitate the development of non-conventional natural gas, such as shale gas and coalbed methane by increasing the number of natural gas users by 100 million to 250 million.A key indicator measuring the economic vitality, power consumption rose 11.7 percent year-on-year to 4.7 trillion kWh in China in 2011. The growth in 2012 is expected to slow to 8.5 percent amid the country's economic slowdown.
WASHINGTON, Dec. 21 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Wednesday approved Isentress for the treatment of HIV-1 infection for children and adolescents.The drug is part of a class of medications called HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors that works by slowing the spread of HIV in the body. It was first approved for use in adult patients in October 2007, under FDA's accelerated approval program."Many young children and adolescents are living with HIV and this approval provides an important additional option for their treatment," said Edward Cox, director of the Office of Antimicrobial Products in the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.Isentress is a pill that can be taken twice daily, with or without food. The pill is also available in a chewable form. As the two tablet formulations are not interchangeable, the chewable form is only approved for use in children ages 2 to 11.A single, multi-center clinical trial of 96 children and adolescents aged 2-18 years with HIV-1 infection evaluated the safety and effectiveness of Isentress. These patients previously received treatment for HIV-1 infection. After 24 weeks of treatment with Isentress, 53 percent of these patients had an undetectable amount of HIV in their blood.According to the FDA, the most commonly reported severe, treatment-related side effects in patients taking Isentress include trouble sleeping and headache. The frequency of these side effects is similar for children and adults. One pediatric patient reported severe treatment-related insomnia, while another pediatric patient experienced a drug-related skin rash.
SINGAPORE, Oct. 10 (Xinhua) -- A Singapore start-up firm has devised an innovative application to allow phone users to have access to their positioning information within buildings, where traditional global positioning system has often proved inaccurate, local daily Business Times reported on Monday.The firm YFind Positioning System feels that the application can help turn Singapore into the world's first location- intelligent city.Ting See Ho, co-founder of the firm, said the application works by first verifying the GPS coordinates to identify the building the user is in, and then collecting RSSI (received signal strength information) readings off WiFi access points within the building.The information is then sent by the phone to the central positioning server for comparison against records of the radio map of the building, which is calibrated earlier by the company.Ting said the RSSI readings continually fluctuates, making it difficult to estimate a position. This is where YFind Positioning System steps in with its patent-pending probabilistic algorithms to help accurately estimated the user's indoor positions.Once the phone application determines the location, then, it is able to map a course for a shop or other destination within the building where the user wants to go."You can think of it as creating an 'indoor GPS' environment in the buildings where satellite signals cannot be read," Ting said.He said that more than ten organizations in Singapore have approached the company to discuss deployment and partnerships and that it has begun work on three proof-of-concepts.The company's immediate goal is to make Singapore the world's first location-intelligent city before going to other cities, he said.