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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The back-to-back announcements of promising clinical trial results from Pfizer and Moderna may usher in a new era for vaccine technology.Both companies have candidates that rely on a new kind of vaccine strategy: RNA. Preliminary data show both candidates are more than 90 percent effective.On the surface, the vaccine candidates look like any other you’ve taken. They work by training your body to build up defensive weapons against a virus, like antibodies and T-cells.But instead of training your body by introducing a killed virus or a fragment of a virus, the vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer introduce a set of instructions called messenger RNA enclosed in a little blob of fat.“The key concept of RNA is that they’re messages, and they’re meant as short-term messages,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.Crotty said there are 5,000 to 10,000 messages within a cell at any given time.Once administered, the mRNA in the vaccine instructs some of your cells to make the coronavirus’ signature spike protein. The spike protein on the surface of the coronavirus allows it to infiltrate and hijack cells.Even though the spike protein is just one of about 25 genes the virus has, preliminary results from the clinical trials suggest it is enough material to train the immune system without making the recipient sick.Crotty likened the process of training the immune system to spotting a sedan. If the coronavirus is a car, the spike protein might be the door.“There's no way that car door could turn into a whole car, but it's enough of a piece of a car for your immune system to recognize that car if it saw it again,” he said.Scientists started by sequencing the virus’ DNA from a sick patient, then encoding that genetic sequence into an mRNA instruction molecule that can be read by the manufacturing part of cells.From there, Dr. Crotty said it’s a bit like the messenger app Snapchat.The mRNA gets injected into the body, sending temporary instructions to your cells that last for a while, then disappear. mRNA does not genetically modify cells, he stressed.“They’re around as messages for some period of time and then they go away, and the cells get back to their normal job of reading their own messages instead of reading the messages you’re injecting in the vaccine,” he said.The concept has been around since the 1990s, but there are currently no RNA vaccines on the market for any pathogen, so Dr. Crotty said it’s hard to estimate how long their protective effects will last.Some vaccines offer a lifetime of protection, like the measles vaccine. Others offer decades of protection. The flu vaccine only lasts about six months.Dr. Crotty said the length of protection depends on how fast the virus mutates and how long the immune cells survive in the body.But even if the COVID-19 vaccine turns out to need an annual update, he’s optimistic. The best feature of RNA vaccines is that they can be quickly reprogrammed.Both Moderna and Pfizer are still in their Phase 3 trials, but they expect to finish them by December. Together, they estimate they’ll have enough doses for about 35 million people by the end of this year, primarily for healthcare workers and high-risk individuals. 3250
SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The City of San Diego announced Tuesday that the transformed Super 8 motel in Egger Highlands will be used to temporarily serve families and children experiencing homelessness amid COVID-19. The city's purchase and transformation of the motel was approved by the City Council in 2017. The transitional housing units will eventually be used to serve those enrolled in the San Diego Misdemeanants At-Risk Track. The program was created by the City Attorney's Office for chronic misdemeanor offenders with acute drug addiction, according to the city. For now, the recently-renovated motel will provide temporary housing for children and families struggling with homelessness. “We’re looking at every opportunity to help those families and children experiencing homelessness during these trying times,” Mayor Faulconer said. “The rehabilitation of this motel couldn’t come at a better time as the need for temporary shelter has never been greater. I want to thank City Attorney Elliott for partnering with me to provide safety and relief to so many families as we fight to stop the spread of this deadly virus.”The city started moving families to motel rooms in March to allow for proper physical distancing. “During this challenging time, it's more important than ever to ensure our most vulnerable community members are protected,” City Attorney Elliott said. “I am gratified to be able to transition our S.M.A.R.T. on Palm facility to provide temporary emergency housing for families in this time of dire need.”The facility has 42 transitional housing rooms, 39 double-bed units, and three units that meet the Americans with Disability Act standards, the city says. 1693

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The bomb squad was called to the 2300 block of Meadow Lark Drive around 6:20 p.m. after a man reported he found WWII-era Japanese grenades.The man, Mike Carter, is a former Marine and said his training kicked in when he found the three gnarled pieces of metal."I just figured it would be the right thing to do to dispose of them properly and not throw them in the trash," Carter said.He is a hobbyist, buying items like radio-controlled cars, helicopters and other toys, and then he sells them online. One remote control helicopter that he said he paid for is actually valued closer to ,500.This was his second time buying a storage locker and his interest was piqued by a Saturn IV Rocket. With it came a wooden box he put in the bed of his truck.As he worked his way through the items inside, he came across the bombs.Carter said he took a picture of them, then put them back where he found them and called the bomb squad.He said he was never nervous about them exploding, saying they've been around at least 75 years.His street was shut down for about an hour. He apologized for the trouble to his neighbors.When it comes to whether he'll ever buy a storage locker again, he said maybe. There would have to be something worthwhile inside, and he would check the contents before bringing anything home. 1362
SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The California GOP Sunday endorsed neither of the two Republican frontrunners in the gubernatorial race. In order to earn the endorsement, one of the candidates, either Travis Allen or John Cox, had to get 60 percent of the delegates' votes. During the first vote, Cox received 55.3 percent of the vote while Allen earned 40.5 percent of the vote. A motion to change the rules of the convention was brought up by supporters of Cox, but the motion failed, leaving both candidates without the endorsement of their party. 567
SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The City of San Diego released Friday body-worn camera video and hundreds of pages of documents related to a 2018 officer-involved shooting. Raul Rivera was shot and killed by police on Hollister Street and Tocayo Avenue in May 2018 after police say he came at them with a knife. The new documents show police collected 28 9mm cartridge casings, nine bean bag cartridge casings, and four Taser cartridges from the scene. At one point, the video shows police tasing Rivera. He appears to rip off the barbs and continued to struggle. After several minutes, the violent scene comes to an end when police shoot and kill Rivera. They say he charged them with a knife. The San Diego County District Attorney's office did not bring charges against any of the three officers who fired.The report noted, "law enforcement officers were confronted by an agitated subject who was armed with a knife and was under the influence of narcotics. Mr. Rivera urged officers to shoot him as he advanced toward them." At the time of the shooting, family members told 10News Rivera was in a bad mental state and wished the police had helped him, not hurt him. On Friday Rivera's sister told Team 10 investigator Adam Racusin she was too shaken to talk about the loss of her brother. She would only say that she loves him and is disappointed in the way police have handled things to this point. 1495
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