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CHICAGO, Ill. -- Historical housing practices in the U.S. have put many communities of color at a disadvantage. It’s not necessarily due to individuals being racist. It’s due to housing policies nearly a century ago that still affects people of color today, otherwise known as systemic racism.Chicago is a classic example of a city that’s still very segregated. Marketta Sims was born and raised in Chicago. She lost her mother at 14, was incarcerated for more than a decade, and upon being released, she became homeless.“Homelessness is mentally, physically, spiritually, emotionally draining,” Sims said.Sims says she was on the streets for a year and a half.“What’s my meal for the day? What am I going to wear? How am I going to take a bath?" Sims said. "And then people look at you like ‘oh, they just want to be lazy.' Some people actually have jobs and be actually homeless. And work like I did. I worked, and still was homeless.”Sims joined a program through a homeless shelter, moved into transitional housing and now she lives in an apartment with her fiancé. However, it wasn’t easy. She says it took a lot of hard work and determination to get there.“They make sure that you have to jump through all type of loopholes to get to housing,” Sims said.To understand the disadvantages people of color face currently, we must understand what was going on in the housing realm back in the 1930s. Kendra Freeman is the director of community engagement with the Metropolitan Planning Council in Chicago. The Metropolitan Planning Council is a planning and policy-change not-for-profit organization founded in 1934 to improve housing conditions in the city of Chicago. It was also in the 1930s that a practice called "redlining" made its way across the nation.“Redlining was an intentional process that was used by the real estate industry and the financing industry to really color-code communities and steer where lending happened," Freeman said. "So essentially if you’re in a majority black community or community of color, typically those were colored red and rated as undesirable high-risk neighborhoods.”Think of it as a stop light. Green meant it was a good community to invest in, blue meant it was fairly good, yellow meant you should take a step back and red was deemed hazardous. A lender or government agency was able to make decisions on who gets a mortgage and who doesn’t by looking at the maps and experts say it was a discriminatory practice based on the race and ethnicity of people who lived in a certain neighborhood.“It’s all remarkably racist,” Dr. Robert Nelson at the University of Richmond said.Dr. Robert Nelson is the director of Digital Scholarship Lab at the University of Richmond which has been working to develop an atlas of U.S. history. One project is called Mapping Inequality and shows how cities in the U.S. were broken up.It wasn’t just Black communities. Other minorities were singled out as well: Syrian, Japanese, Latino, Polish, and even Jewish. Dr. Nelson says it’s important to note redlining was a federal program produced by the federal government with federal oversight and it nationalized lending practice standards.“These are not maps that were just produced by banks that had discriminatory lending practices," Dr. Nelson said. "This is the federal government saying discriminatory racist lending policies is best practice in the industry.”Dr. Nelson says money was channeled to white, middle-class families, causing inter-generational wealth. In other words, they were able to build wealth and pass it on as inheritance to their kids.“Typically in America the way that you build wealth is through home ownership and real estate," Freeman said. "So when you look back to my grandfather, your grandfather and their ability to buy a home, and traditionally you get a job, buy a home, you raise a family and you build equity in that home – and you can use that equity to do things like send your kids to college or invest in a business, or help your grandchildren with a down payment for their first home.”Even though redlining became illegal through the Fair Housing Act of 1968, Co-Executive Director Giana Baker with the Chicago Area Fair Housing Alliance says decades of the practice contributed to racial disparities we see now and the disinvestment in Black communities for generations is clear.“If we take those same maps in that era that were created through the Home Owner Loans Corporation, those same communities on the west and south sides are communities where they have a rich legacy in the people who live there, but we also see that those are the communities that there are food deserts where there may not be grocery stores,” Baker said.Baker says even she is impacted.“In the community that I live in – which is a suburb outside of Chicago, but it is a predominantly Black suburb that has been disinvested – my house does not have the same value that it would have if I was just one neighborhood over.”There’s no easy solution to eliminating barriers of housing for people. Baker says her organization is advocating for everyone to have equal access to affordable housing, meaning people would be able to pay their rent and still have money left over for groceries, childcare and medical expenses.According to Freeman, the first step in American society should be shifting perceptions so people of color are seen as human beings with an equitable opportunity for housing and wealth. Then comes programs – like the one that helped Sims find housing – but what will make the most difference is a change in policy.“We can do things to help improve conditions through programs, but if you don’t get to the core of changing policy that holds those inequities in place, then you’re not changing the problem,” Freeman said.Changing policy is part of the work Freeman and her team is trying to do at Metropolitan Planning Council. However, she says it will take everyone to do the hard work of structural change.“Know that housing is a human right," Sims said. "I will stand and I will fight.” 6061

CAMDEN, N.J. (AP) — A gunman opened fire on two New Jersey police officers while they were sitting in their vehicle at a red light Tuesday night, wounding them in what authorities are calling an ambush attack.At least one suspect opened fire on the plainclothes detectives in Camden, which is located just across the Delaware River from Philadelphia, said Camden County Police Chief J. Scott Thomson."The information we have thus far is that they were essentially ambushed," Thomson told reporters at a late night news conference. "A male walked up and began opening fire. We have anywhere between 10 and 25 rounds that were fired at the officers."One of the detectives was able to return fire, Thomson said, but it was not immediately clear if anyone else was shot. Thomson said his department was in communication with hospitals in the region.The detectives were taken to an area hospital and are expected to survive."At this point in time our officers have non-life-threatening injuries but not for the grace of God quite frankly," Thomson said. "The amount of rounds that were fired at close range and particularly through the windshield."Police continue to search for the suspect or suspects involved in the "unprovoked" attack."Maybe they did know they were police officers and that's the reason why they did it. Maybe they thought they were somebody else. We'll find that out as the investigation unfolds," Thomson said.The shooting occurred on National Night Out, an event designed to bring local police and the communities they serve together. 1560

Buffy Wicks, a mom to a newborn and a Democratic California state assemblymember, brought her infant to the California Statehouse for a vote on Monday after a request to vote by proxy was denied, she confirmed on Twitter.Debating Senate Bill 1120 on Monday, Wicks held daughter Elly as she testified on a housing bill that ended up falling. 348

CARLSBAD, Calif. (KGTV) — A motorcyclist was killed on Friday after he lost control of his motorcycle and crashed into a building in Carlsbad.Carlsbad Police say the motorcyclist was traveling westbound on Faraday Ave. just after 3 p.m., when for unknown reasons he lost control and collided into a building.Officers arrived to find the motorcyclist unconscious. The rider, identified as a 29-year-old male from Encinitas, died at the scene.Police don't believe any other vehicles were involved and said it doesn't appear alcohol was a factor. It's unclear how fast the rider was traveling at the time of the crash.The area of Faraday Ave. and Orion Way was partially closed for the investigation but has since reopened. 728

CARLSBAD, Calif. (KGTV) — LEGOLAND California helped make the season bright for one lucky 11-year-old who in return, helped usher in the holidays at the park.Gideon Robinson, an 11-year-old cancer survivor from Lake Elsinore, and his family helped the park light its 30-foot tall LEGO Christmas tree in the park's Fun Town. After pulling the switch, Robinson helped illuminate the tree's 11,000+ twinkling lights, which is set atop more than 400 LEGO decorations and 245,000 green DUPLO bricks.Robinson was given a star ornament and special invitation to the park's LEGO Movie World expansion set to open next year. He and his family were also treated to a stay at the LEGOLAND Castle Hotel.Robinson is a two-time cancer survivor who was first diagnosed with acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia a week after his fifth birthday and again in 2019 after a short remission before receiving news that he had beaten leukemia."During these unprecedented times when so many are faced with challenges, it’s positive stories such as Gideon’s that provide inspiration to all of us," said LEGOLAND California Resort President Kurt Stocks. "It’s an absolute pleasure and honor to have Gideon and his family officially light the LEGO Christmas tree this year and help LEGOLAND California bring some holiday hope to families this winter." 1324

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