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 Two 250,000-year-old teeth from two Neanderthal children revealed that both of them were exposed to lead twice during their short lifetimes, the first known case of lead exposure in Neanderthals.An international team of researchers studied the two teeth, as well as one from a modern human child who lived 5,000 years ago. All of them are from the same archaeological site in southeast France. The results of their analysis were published Wednesday in the journal Science Advances."Traditionally, people thought lead exposure occurred in populations only after industrialization, but these results show it happened prehistorically, before lead had been widely released into the environment," said Christine Austin, study co-author and assistant professor in the Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. "Our team plans to analyze more teeth from our ancestors and investigate how lead exposures may have affected their health and how that may relate to how our bodies respond to lead today."And as with tree rings, researchers used the teeth to determine key events in the children's lives. During childhood, new teeth layers are formed each day, capturing chemical signatures that can be traced."Teeth record environmental variation based on the climate, even where you're growing up," said Tanya Smith, lead author of the study and associate professor at Griffith University. "That's possible because when you're growing, your teeth you actually lock in a record of the chemistry of the water and the food that you're eating and drinking. Because teeth have these tiny timelines, we can relate the chemistry to the growth to calculate ancient climate records. We can't do that with any other element of the body."They were able to determine that one of the Neanderthal children was born in the spring and that both children were more likely to be sick during the colder winter seasons. They lived through more extreme seasons with a greater variation in temperature than the modern human child who was also studied.The intact teeth had growth rings, which the researchers used to measure barium, lead and oxygen. Lasers targeted tiny spots in the teeth to map their chemistry and reconstruct ancient climate records. This reconstruction was able to map a weekly scale of variation, showing when the summer and winter seasons happened and how long they lasted. The researchers related this back to the individual's growth."This study reports a major breakthrough in the reconstruction of ancient climates, a significant factor in human evolution, as temperature and precipitation cycles influenced the landscapes and food resources our ancestors relied on," Smith said.The growth rings also provided evidence of nursing."We were able to identify milk intake through breastfeeding in one individual based on a trace element called barium," Smith said. "We were able to time that to the season."That individual nursed for 2? years, which is similar to modern human children who lived in hunter-gatherer environments. "This is something we may share in common with Neanderthals," Smith said. Unfortunately, although the Neanderthal child survived infancy, it did not reach adulthood. The ages of the children were not included in the study.The researchers believe that the children were exposed to lead environmentally, either inhaling or ingesting it."That must have come from natural deposits in the area, whether they were going into an underground environment or they were eating contaminated food that was incorporated into their growing bones and teeth," Smith said.Smith believes that this research emphasizes the different levels of information that can be taken from teeth."We've now got the ability to integrate ancient climate data with health history, nursing history and illness," she said. "To be able to get all that information from a single sample 250,000 years ago is a unique opportunity."But this doesn't just apply to studying those who lived before us."Dietary patterns in our early life have far-reaching consequences for our health, and by understanding how breastfeeding evolved, we can help guide the current population on what is good breastfeeding practice," said Manish Arora, study co-author and vice chairman of the Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health at the Icahn School of Medicine. "Our research team is working on applying these techniques in contemporary populations to study how breastfeeding alters health trajectories including those of neurodevelopment, cardiac health and other high-priority health outcomes." 4648

(CNN) -- As Belgium experienced its hottest day on record on Wednesday, two men found themselves in a sticky situation -- trapped in a shipping container full of cocaine, the men became so hot that they called the police on themselves.Police were called to the port of Antwerp on Wednesday by the men, who were trapped inside a shipping container for several hours, a spokesman for Antwerp's shipping police told CNN.Temperatures rose to 102 Fahrenheit Wednesday, the hottest ever recorded in the country, according to the national weather service. Wednesday's record was smashed a day later, with 105.2 Fahrenheit recorded, according to the UK's Met Office."They called the police to get them out of there, because the container was locked from the outside," a spokesman for Antwerp's shipping police told CNN.The police were in for quite a surprise. "They found a lot of cocaine inside the container," the spokesman said.The men are currently in custody, and police have opened an investigation. 1005

With Independence Day drawing near, a recent tragedy and subsequent recall highlight the possible dangers of rockets and other explosives: Grandma's Fireworks in Indiana recalled 18 products, totaling 25,000 individual fireworks, after an explosion caused a boy to lose his hand, the 296

 President Donald Trump's top economic adviser Gary Cohn is resigning, the White House announced on Tuesday.Cohn, who had once been rumored as a potential next chief of staff, will leave the White House in the wake of his fierce disagreement with the President's decision to impose tariffs on steel and aluminum imports."Gary has been my chief economic adviser and did a superb job in driving our agenda, helping to deliver historic tax cuts and reforms and unleashing the American economy once again. He is a rare talent, and I thank him for his dedicated service to the American people," Trump said in a statement.The New York Times first reported the news. 677

(AP) — Native American comic book fans hope a new Marvel anthology by Native artists and writers will jump-start authentic representation in mainstream superhero fare. “Marvel Voices: Indigenous Voices #1” is expected in November during Native American History Month and will revisit some of its Native characters. Marvel says the project was planned long before the nation’s reckoning over racial injustice, which has prompted changes like the Washington NFL team dropping its Redskins mascot. The lead artist for the comic book says the series is correcting a decades-old problem of Native American or Indigenous representation in the medium. 652

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