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SYDNEY, Sept. 5 (Xinhua) -- Australian scientists believe " brown fat," a wondrous tissue that burns energy to generate heat, could help people fight obesity, local media reported on Monday.A research team from Sydney's Garvan Institute of Medical Research (GIMR) has worked out how to grow brown fat from stem cells biopsied from adults, raising hopes that one day brown fat could be transplanted in obese people to speed up calories they burn, the Australian Associated Press (AAP) reported.Garvan endocrinologist Paul Lee, who led the research, is optimistic about targeting brown fat as an obesity intervention, commenting "it's a highly metabolically active form of fat, and very exciting that we may be able to stimulate its growth in people."People are born with supplies of brown fat around their neckline to keep them warm as infants, according to scientists at GIMR.Scientists now know that brown fat is present in most, if not all, adults mainly just behind the collarbone.Studies have found that adults with brown fat are slimmer than those without."Although this is early work, it is a proof of concept study showing that the growth of brown fat cells is possible, using precursor cells taken from adult humans, under appropriate stimulation," Lee said."Regardless of whether or not someone has lots of or little brown fat, the precursor cells are universally present. Under the appropriate growth factor and hormonal stimulation, the cells all grow and differentiate into mature brown fat cells."However, Lee warned more work was needed.Lee said even if brown fat was transplanted into obese people or drugs developed to stimulate the growth of brown fat, exercise and a healthy diet would still be crucial to aiding weight loss."So I don't think this is a solution to obesity because there are so many other factors (involved in obesity)," he said."Despite how efficient brown fat is at burning energy, we would only need a few doughnuts to diminish or negate its benefits."Lee said it would be years before tests could be carried out on brown fat transplants.In the meantime, he is expanding his study to test different ways to grow brown fat.His study, to be printed in the October issue of Endocrinology, has been published in the online edition of the journal.

BEIJING, Aug. 24 (Xinhua) -- China will prioritize the development of six types of new materials in its new material industry over the next five years, the China Securities Journal said on Wednesday.The report cited an insider, who noted that the country's 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015) for the new material industry will come out in September, in which the government will launch key projects to support the development of the six materials.The six materials will be high-strength light alloy, advanced iron and steel, carbon fiber composite, new power battery material, function coated material, and rare earth function material, according to the report.The plan states each of the six sub industries will form a sizable industrial scale, with the industry's total output value to hit trillions of yuan by the end of 2015, and the self-supply rate to reach 70 percent during the period, the report said.Meanwhile, the government will also foster the development of materials in sectors such as green building material and the biomedical industry over the next five years, it added.

BONN, Germany, June 17 (Xinhua) -- The latest United Nations (UN) climate talks ended here on Friday with no surprise -- some " technical issues" saw some progress, as delegates usually said, while major disagreements remained.The two-week UN climate negotiations have made "clear advances" on such issues as extending carbon trading mechanisms, climate fund management and slowing deforestation, Christiana Figueres, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) executive secretary, said at a closing press conference.Figueres said delegates from 183 countries stepped forward with a technology mechanism to boost global green technology sharing. The mechanism will include a Climate Technology Center and Network to establish a worldwide clean technology stakeholder community.As for the implementation of a comprehensive package of the Cancun summit last year, this Bonn session has "paved the way" for progress at the next UN ministerial-level climate conference, which is to be held in Durban, South Africa from Nov. 28 to Dec. 9, Figueres said."Strong convergence has emerged on how the Adaptation Committee will be governed, what its composition will be and what its specific role will be," she said. "This progress means that the Committee could be fully operationalized at Durban."The UN climate chief stressed that governments, business circles and civil society cannot solve issues related to climate change "in one meeting," and climate talks are "the most important " negotiations the world has ever seen."The Bonn meeting is practical, focusing on concrete issues. In general, the negotiating process is moving forward step by step and on the right track," Su Wei, China's chief negotiator, told Xinhua on Friday."Despite setbacks and reversals, parties are taking climate change seriously and are willing to promote the negotiations under the Bali Roadmap," he said. "In the past two weeks, contact groups are busy making informal consultations on various topics.""Admittedly, in some key areas, there is a gap among parties," Su said.During the meeting, many delegates and observers have complained that the pace of negotiation was unbearably slow, especially against the backdrop of a new warning from the International Energy Agency, which said the global energy-related carbon emissions rose to a record high in 2010 despite decade-long efforts on curbs.Experts said one of the main hurdles in current talks was still the old topic -- the fate of the Kyoto Protocol, the sole legally- binding pact on industrial countries' emission cuts set to expire at the end of 2012.The protocol, which binds 37 rich countries, has been crippled since Cancun, as Japan, Canada and Russia have clearly stated they would not extend the pact's second commitment period after 2012.The United States, which never ratified the treaty, said it would not accept any legal deal unless other major economies have similar emission constraints.The European Union (EU), the last major bloc that is open to the renewing of the Kyoto Protocol, said its supportive attitude should not be taken for granted. The EU said it would not unilaterally step up efforts on combating climate change if other nations are not willing to do the same.Meanwhile, developing countries insisted that the updating of the Kyoto Protocol remains "the very core issue" of current talks, asking rich nations to shoulder their historical responsibilities and preserve the pact as a major legally-binding instrument to tackle climate change.The Group of 77 and China, representing over 130 developing nations, have said that the renewal of the Protocol should be the priority for Durban.On Friday, Figueres said that "resolving the future of the Kyoto Protocol is an essential task this year and will require high-level political guidance.""By Durban, governments need to come forward with options that will be acceptable to all parties," she said, adding that high- level contacts are necessary to break the ice.She told reporters that environment ministers are due to meet in Berlin from July 3 to 4, known as a continuation of last year's ministerial-level informal talks held in the town of Petersburg near Bonn. Moreover, world leaders are due to discuss climate change on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly in September.Before the Durban summit, delegates have agreed to hold an additional round of climate talks in late September or early October, Figueres revealed.

LOS ANGELES, June 14 (Xinhua) -- Rural elders are far more likely to be overweight or obese, physically inactive and food insecure than their suburban counterparts, three risk factors for heart disease, diabetes and repeated falls, a new study suggests."The countryside can have an isolating effect," said lead researcher Steven P. Wallace, deputy director of the Center for Health Policy Research at the University of California, Los Angeles. "When even a trip to the grocery store is a significant drive, seniors can become trapped in their houses."The researchers based their finding on analyzing the lifestyles and living conditions in California countryside.The study found that despite living in the countryside, where open space is plentiful and there is often significant agricultural production, California's more than half a million rural elders have higher rates of developing various health problems than their urban and suburban counterparts.These problems include:-- Older adults in rural areas are more often overweight or obese (61.3 percent) than their urban (57.3 percent) and suburban (54.0 percent) counterparts;-- Rural older adults do not get enough exercise;-- One in five rural elders do not participate in either moderate or vigorous physical activity in their leisure time;-- Rural and urban older adults are more likely to be food insecure; and-- One in five low-income older adults in rural settings report that they cannot consistently afford enough food to last the month, a rate is about twice that of low-income suburban adults.Approximately 710,000 Californians aged 65 and over live in the countryside -- almost one-fifth of all older adults in the state. Yet rural elders experience unique challenges to healthy living, including a lack of sidewalks, street lights, transportation services, access to healthy food outlets, parks, exercise facilities and health care sites. California's rural areas are also challenged by a dearth of physicians and other primary care providers, compelling many seniors to travel long distances to seek care, according to the study.The findings were published Tuesday on the website of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

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