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WELLINGTON, May 13 (Xinhua) -- While it's long been known that a little sunshine can spread happiness, researchers in New Zealand have found that it can also save the lives of pneumonia patients.Medical scientists have found that vitamin D, which is absorbed through the skin and produced with exposure to sunlight, is a major factor in the survival rate of pneumonia patients.Researchers at Waikato University collaborated with doctors at Waikato Hospital, both Hamilton-based institutions, to study blood samples of 112 patients admitted to the hospital with pneumonia during the winter.They found that those with severe vitamin D deficiency 17 of the patients were more likely to die within a month, compared with patients with normal or slightly low vitamin D levels.Dr Bob Hancox, of the hospital's department of respiratory medicine, said five of the 17 died, a 29-percent mortality rate, compared with four deaths among the 95 patients with higher vitamin D levels, a 4-percent mortality rate."The analysis confirmed that the difference in mortality rates between the two groups was very unlikely to be due to chance," Hancox told Xinhua.Vitamin D deficiency was a concern around the world, Hancox said."Sunlight is the main source of vitamin D, so it tends to be a winter problem in temperate climates when people spend a lot of time indoors. But it occurs in all countries and vitamin D deficiency is believed to be a major problem worldwide."There is accumulating evidence that we need vitamin D to help fight infections, such as pneumonia as we have shown, as well as improve bone health," he told Xinhua."What is not yet clear is whether we can do anything about it. We don't know whether treating people with vitamin D supplements would help to prevent or treat respiratory infections. This is what we need to find out now."Dr Ray Cursons, of the Biological Sciences department at Waikato University, said patient age, sex, additional health conditions, and other prognostic factors did not affect the research outcome, although researchers still could not establish a causal link between vitamin D deficiency and mortality in the patients.Waikato Hospital D respiratory specialist Dr Noel Karalus said it was not yet known whether giving patients vitamin D supplements after their admission to hospital with respiratory tract infections would alter outcomes."It may transpire that vitamin D helps us avoid infection rather than cure it once established."Cursons said the best source of vitamin D was sunlight as dietary sources such as fatty fish and cod liver oil did not contain enough vitamin D."There is still some controversy regarding the optimal daily allowance of vitamin D. How much we absorb through the skin depends on sun exposure, skin type and geographical latitude. M ori and Pacific Islanders absorb less because of their darker skin, and people in colder climates also have lower levels of vitamin D. "Pneumonia is the single largest cause of death in children worldwide, killing an estimated 1.6 million children under the age of five each year, according to the World Health Organization.The research findings are published in the journal Respirology, published by the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology, this month.

SAN FRANCISCO, April 20 (Xinhua) -- Apple Inc. on Wednesday reported record second fiscal quarter results that blow out analysts'expectations, citing strong demands for its products.For its fiscal 2011 second quarter ended on March 26, Apple posted net income of 5.99 billion U.S dollars or 6.4 dollars per share, compared with 3.07 billion, or 3.33 dollars per share a year ago. Its revenue reached 24.67 billion dollars, compare with 13.5 billion in the same period a year earlier.Analysts polled by Thomson Reuters gave an average estimate of 5.35 dollars earning per share on revenue of 23.3 billion."With quarterly revenue growth of 83 percent and profit growth of 95 percent, we're firing on all cylinders," said Steve Jobs, Apple's CEO. "We will continue to innovate on all fronts throughout the remainder of the year."As the most valuable business for the company, Apple sold 18.65 million iPhones in the second quarter, representing 113 percent unit growth over the year-ago quarter. In February, Apple announced that iPhone4 would come on Verizon network, enabling it to attract some 90 million Verizon subscribers to adopt the popular smartphone.The company sold 3.76 million Macs during the quarter, a 28 percent increase over the year-ago quarter, and 9.02 million iPods during the quarter, representing a 17 percent unit decline from the year-ago quarter.The company also sold 4.69 million iPads during the quarter, which is below analysts' projection. Analysts said Apple could have sold more tablets without supply constraints.Wall Street analysts estimated sales of iPad to reach about 6 million in the fiscal second quarter, alongside about 16 million iPhones and 3-4 million Macs.Apple also reported a gross margin of 41.4 percent compared to 41.7 percent in the year-ago quarter. Analyst said the decline of Apple's gross margins can be attributed to two reasons. One reason is the introduction of iPad in 2010 as it is a lower gross margin product than the iPhone. The other is the decline of iPhone margins over years.Supply chain related issues have been analysts' concern in the past quarter as Apple indicated in the Q1 earnings conference call that it could have sold more iPhones and faced some supply related issues. Meanwhile, the Japanese earthquake created more supply related issues for the company as its Japanese suppliers Mitsubishi Gas Chemical and Toshiba are both temporarily shut down to assess damage from the natural disaster.For the third fiscal quarter, Apple CFO Peter Oppenheimer gave an estimated revenue of about 23 billion and profit of 5.03 dollars per share.

BEIJING, March 8 (Xinhuanet) -- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced there was no new reason for safety concern in Pfizer Inc's Prevenar and Sanofi Aventis SA's ActHIBor vaccines, according to media reports Tuesday.Health agencies "have not detected new safety concerns or unusual reporting patterns" in the vaccines, which are used to prevent forms of meningitis and pneumonia, FDA spokeswoman Shelly Burgess said in an emailed statement.Health agencies in the United States will continue to monitor the vaccines for safety, the spokeswoman added.The Japanese health ministry had decided to suspend the vaccines after four unexplained deaths were reported. The causes of the deaths are still investigated, the Japanese ministry said in a release on its website.

BEIJING, Feb. 26 (Xinhua) -- Zhu Guangya, who contributed to the development of China's first atom and hydrogen bombs, died Saturday at age 87.Zhu was a senior academician at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He served as vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, China's top political advisory body, between 1994 and 2003.Born in central China's Yichang city, Zhu obtained a PhD in nuclear physics from the University of Michigan in 1950. That year he returned to China. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1956.

BEIJING, Feb. 9 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese currency, or the yuan, rose to a new high of 6.585 against the U.S. dollar Wednesday, according to the China Foreign Exchange Trading System.The central parity rate of the RMB, or the yuan, was 10 basis points higher than the previous record of 6.586 set on Feb. 1, the previous trading day.The yuan appreciated 3.6 percent last year, but some analysts predict it could rise further against the dollar this year as the People's Bank of China (PBOC), the central bank, attempts to cool accelerating inflation.The PBOC announced Tuesday it would raise the benchmark one-year borrowing and lending rates by 25 basis points from Wednesday.On China's foreign exchange spot market, the yuan can rise or fall 0.5 percent from the central parity rate each trading day.The central parity rate of the RMB against the U.S. dollar is based on a weighted average of prices before the opening of the market each business day.