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WASHINGTON, June 16 (Xinhua) -- Cells in the human body are constantly being exposed to stress from environmental chemicals or errors in routine cellular processes. While stress can cause damage, it can also provide the stimulus for undoing the damage. New research by a team of scientists at the University of Rochester has unveiled an important new mechanism that allows cells to recognize when they are under stress and prime the DNA repair machinery to respond to the threat of damage.Their findings will be published Friday in journal Science. Cells in the human body are constantly being exposed to stress from environmental chemicals or errors in routine cellular processes. While stress can cause damage, it can also provide the stimulus for undoing the damage.The scientists, led by biologists Vera Gorbunova and Andrei Seluanov, focused on the most dangerous type of DNA damage -- double strand breaks. Unrepaired, this type of damage can lead to premature aging and cancer. They studied how oxidative stress affects efficiency of DNA repair. Oxidative stress occurs when the body is unable to neutralize the highly-reactive molecules, which are typically produced during routine cellular activities.The research team found that human cells undergoing oxidative stress synthesized more of a protein called SIRT6. By increasing SIRT6 levels, cells were able to stimulate their ability to repair double strand breaks. When the cells were treated with a drug that inactivated SIRT6, DNA repair came to a halt, thus confirming the role of SIRT6 in DNA repair. Gorbunova notes that the SIRT6 protein is structurally related to another protein, SIR2, which has been shown to extend lifespan in multiple model organisms."SIRT6 also affects DNA repair when there is no oxidative stress," explains Gorbunova. "It's just that the effect is magnified when the cells are challenged with even small amounts of oxidative stress."SIRT6 allows the cells to be economical with their resources, priming the repair enzymes only when there is damage that needs to be repaired. Thus SIRT6 may be a master regulator that coordinates stress and DNA repair activities, according to Gorbunova.

BEIJING, July 22 (Xinhuanet) -- Regulation is needed to govern rapidly expanding research in animals containing human tissue or genes, according to the Britain's Academy of Medical Sciences.Using animals with limited humanized traits is not new. Genetically engineered mice containing human DNA are already a mainstay of research into new drugs for diseases like cancer.For instance, Chinese scientists have already introduced human stem cells into goat fetuses and U.S. researchers have studied the idea of creating a mouse with human brain cells.But Martin Bobrow, a professor of medical genetics at the University of Cambridge, who led the Academy's working group, said there were three areas of particular concern."Where people begin to worry is when you get to the brain, to the germ cells, and to the sort of central features that help us recognize what is a person, like skin texture, facial shape and speech," he said.His report recommends that government should put in place a national expert body, working within the existing system for regulating animal research, to oversee such sensitive areas.British ministers said they welcomed the report and would consider its recommendations carefully.

RAMALLAH, Aug. 26 (Xinhua) -- China's special envoy to the Middle East, Wu Sike, said here Friday that his country fully supports the Palestinians' right to establish an independent state in a balanced manner and through peace talks."China supports the Palestinian people and their cause. We also support the Palestinians to get the United Nations recognition of a Palestinian state on the lands occupied in 1967 with Jerusalem as capital," he told Xinhua in Ramallah.The envoy said peace talks with Israel are the best way to reach a settlement, adding that gaining UN recognition is not an alternative to peace negotiations.China supports a two-state solution -- Israel and an independent Palestinian state living side-by-side in peace and security, he said, noting that he believes the current developments in the Middle East have a positive impact on the Palestinian cause."The Middle East witnesses many changes. People have many chances to participate in political life. The Palestinian cause is a main issue that attracts the attention of the Arab people," he said."The recent meeting of the Arab League Peace Initiative Follow- Up Committee in Qatar assures the Arabs' support to the Palestinians' bid for full UN membership," he said. "This will help the Palestinians gain more international support."The Palestinians say they will approach the UN in September to get full membership of the world body as peace talks with Israel have long been deadlocked, a move disapproved by Israel and the United States.Wu expressed his appreciation of the reconciliation deal signed between Palestinian National Authority President Mahmoud Abbas' Fatah party and Hamas movements in Cairo in May."This move will help the Palestinians to have more countries on their side," he said.Wu said his Middle East tour was taking place at an important moment as the region is witnessing crucial changes, stressing that China respects the choices of the peoples."The Arab peoples are able to make their own decisions toward development," said the envoy.He also said the ties between China and the Arab countries are based on strong foundations, regardless of the changes taking place in the region.Wu met with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas and other officials Tuesday, the first day of his ongoing Middle East tour.This was Wu's second visit to Palestinian territories this year, after which he will travel on to Israel, Egypt and France.

BEIJING, July 26 (Xinhuanet) -- Hong Kong scientists announced that they had determined the idea of time travel is impossible by proving nothing can travel faster than the speed of light.The finding is contained in a study done by a research team from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. The study was published Monday in a scientific journal "Physical Review Letters" in the United States."The study, which showed that single photons also obey the speed limit c, confirms Einstein's causality, that is, an effect cannot occur before its cause," the university said on its website."By showing that single photons cannot travel faster than the speed of light, our results bring a closure to the debate on the true speed of information carried by a single photon." said Professor Du Shengwang, who led the study.The possibility of time travel was raised 10 years ago when scientists discovered the optical pulses in some specific medium might propagate information in a faster-than-light speed."Our findings will also likely have potential applications by giving scientists a better picture on the transmission of quantum information." Du said.

BEIJING, Sept. 20 (Xinhuanet)-- Google's executive chairman Eric Schmidt is to face a Senate hearing on whether the company is abusing its dominance in Internet search, according to media reports on Tuesday.At the Wednesday's hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee's antitrust panel, Schmidt will argue that critics are wrong to say Google gives preference to its own products, instead, Google is just trying to deliver the best-cultivated search results for users. The issue of search ranking is a touchy subject with Google, which says its algorithm is devised to give users the most useful result so they will come back.Another focal point of the hearing, which Schmidt concerned most is "scrapers", those who game its search algorithm, for example, taking commonly searched words, combine them into a nonsensical block of text and throw it up on the Web to grab eyeballs and advertising dollars.Google believes that, if scrapers succeed too often, consumers will lose confidence in search and turn to other resources, thus posing an existential threat to the company.Regulators in the U.S. and abroad have been looking into various aspects of Google's business practices since the company's 2007 purchase of ad firm DoubleClick. At the moment, European regulators are conducting an antitrust inquiry into Google's search business while the Federal Trade Commission is doing likewise. Google relies overwhelmingly on its core product, Internet search, and dominates the market for that product. It handles around two-thirds of U.S. Internet searches and more than 80 percent in many European countries, according to comScore Inc.

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