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WASHINGTON, June 16 (Xinhua) -- Cells in the human body are constantly being exposed to stress from environmental chemicals or errors in routine cellular processes. While stress can cause damage, it can also provide the stimulus for undoing the damage. New research by a team of scientists at the University of Rochester has unveiled an important new mechanism that allows cells to recognize when they are under stress and prime the DNA repair machinery to respond to the threat of damage.Their findings will be published Friday in journal Science. Cells in the human body are constantly being exposed to stress from environmental chemicals or errors in routine cellular processes. While stress can cause damage, it can also provide the stimulus for undoing the damage.The scientists, led by biologists Vera Gorbunova and Andrei Seluanov, focused on the most dangerous type of DNA damage -- double strand breaks. Unrepaired, this type of damage can lead to premature aging and cancer. They studied how oxidative stress affects efficiency of DNA repair. Oxidative stress occurs when the body is unable to neutralize the highly-reactive molecules, which are typically produced during routine cellular activities.The research team found that human cells undergoing oxidative stress synthesized more of a protein called SIRT6. By increasing SIRT6 levels, cells were able to stimulate their ability to repair double strand breaks. When the cells were treated with a drug that inactivated SIRT6, DNA repair came to a halt, thus confirming the role of SIRT6 in DNA repair. Gorbunova notes that the SIRT6 protein is structurally related to another protein, SIR2, which has been shown to extend lifespan in multiple model organisms."SIRT6 also affects DNA repair when there is no oxidative stress," explains Gorbunova. "It's just that the effect is magnified when the cells are challenged with even small amounts of oxidative stress."SIRT6 allows the cells to be economical with their resources, priming the repair enzymes only when there is damage that needs to be repaired. Thus SIRT6 may be a master regulator that coordinates stress and DNA repair activities, according to Gorbunova.

KIEV, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- Ukraine's regional health authority declared Tuesday a cholera epidemic in the eastern region of Donetsk had ended.All 26 people who had been treated for the disease had been discharged from hospital, the press-service of the Donetsk Regional Sanitary and Epidemiological Service said on its official website.As of this week, no new cases had been registered, the statement said.The cholera outbreak hit eastern Ukraine in late May. The disease can cause rapid dehydration and death.The outbreak was believed to be associated with fish and drinking water supplies from the Sea of Azov.

YANGON, July 10 (Xinhua) -- Myanmar is projecting to build the first-ever liver transplant hospital in line with the international standard, the local weekly Voice reported Sunday.With the technological help of the Changi General Hospital of Singapore, a 40-million-U.S dollar worth private hospital has started building since late last month.The hospital will offer services for the patients living with heart and kidney diseases and for protection from being affected Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), the report said.In Myanmar, liver transplant will cost about 20 million Kyats ( 25,000 U.S. dollars), lesser than other countries, the report added.Myanmar experts carried out successful liver-transplant operation in 2004 for the first time and in 2009 for the second time.

SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 12 (Xinhua) -- More U.S. Internet users will access Internet through mobile devices than through PCs or other wireline devices by 2015, market research company International Data Corporation (IDC) said in its latest study released on Monday.According to IDC, the number of mobile Internet users will grow by a compound annual growth rage of 16.6 percent between 2010 and 2015, as mobile devices sales, such as smartphones and media tablets, explode."The impact of smartphone and especially, media tablet adoption will be so great that the number of users accessing the Internet through PCs will first stagnate and then slowly decline," said IDC in a forecast.Western Europe and Japan will not be far behind the U.S. in following this trend, the study noted.IDC also predicts that some 40 percent of the world's population will have access to Internet in 2015, when the total number of Internet users will grow to 2.7 billion from 2 billion in 2010."Forget what we have taken for granted on how consumers use the Internet," Karsten Weide, IDC's research vice president of media and entertainment, said in a statement."Soon, more users will access the Web using mobile devices than using PCs, and it's going to make the Internet a very different place," he added.