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Dr. Anthony Fauci warned Sunday that even if a COVID-19 vaccine becomes available, it still may not yield herd immunity.In an interview with the Aspen Institute on Sunday, Fauci — the U.S.'s top infectious disease expert — said he would settle for a vaccine that is between 70 and 75% effective."I doubt seriously that any vaccine will ever be a hundred percent protective. The best we've ever done is measles, which is 97 to 98% effective. That would be wonderful if we get there. I don't think we will," Fauci said. "I would settle for 70, 75% effective vaccine because that would bring you to that level of would-be herd immunity level."But a CNN poll says one-third of Americans do not plan to get a vaccine if it becomes available. Fauci said Sunday that if those figures hold true and a potential COVID-19 vaccine is only 75% effective, the U.S. population would not reach the herd immunity threshold that would kill the virus."That's one of the reasons why we have to make sure we engage the community as we're doing now to get community people, to help us for people to understand that we are doing everything we can to show that it's safe and that it's effective," Fauci said. "And it's for the good of them as individuals and in society to take the vaccine."Three coronavirus vaccines are expected to be studied in large-scale clinical trials in the next three months.Herd immunity comes when a sufficient portion of a population is immune to an infectious disease. That can come either come through prior illness or vaccination, making the disease unlikely to spread further. 1594

Dining out frequently is known to increase one's intake of unhealthy sugars and fats. But a new study suggests that there's another reason to eat at home more often: phthalates.Phthalates are potentially harmful chemicals found in hundreds of consumer products, including perfumes, hair sprays, shampoos and the plastics used in food processing and packaging.Consumption of these chemicals has?been linked to birth defects in young boys as well as behavioral problems and obesity in older children and adults. Exposure in utero can alter the development of the male reproductive tract, resulting in incomplete descent of one or both testicles.Scientists also suspect that the chemicals can disrupt hormones and may cause fertility problems. They've connected them to childhood obesity, asthma, neurological problems, cardiovascular issues and even cancer."Phthalates are a class of synthetic chemicals known as endocrine disruptors, meaning they affect hormones in the body," said Dr. Sheela Sathyanarayana, an associate professor of pediatrics at Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington and past chairwoman of the Environmental Protection Agency's Children's Health Protection Advisory Committee, who was not involved in the study. "Hormones are essential for normal body functions such as reproduction or metabolism."The?study, published Wednesday in the journal Environment International, found that the phthalate levels of participants who had eaten at restaurants, cafeterias and fast-food outlets in the previous day were 35% higher than those who reported eating food purchased at the grocery store.Those who dined out were probably exposed to the chemicals via foods that had been in contact with plastic packaging, said Ami Zota, an assistant professor of environmental and occupational health at George Washington University and a leading author on the study."The main idea is that food that is made in restaurants and cafeterias may be coming into contact with materials containing phthalates in part because some portion of the food is made in decentralized locations," Zota said."Most of the phthalates that are of most concern from a health perspective are plasticizers; they're added to make plastics soft," she added. "They're added to food packaging, they can be in food handling gloves, and they can be found in food tubing."The study relied on data collected between 2005 and 2014 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, administered every two years by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It included 10,253 people who were asked about their dining habits over the past 24 hours and who provided urine samples to evaluate phthalate levels in the body.The researchers found that about two-thirds of respondents reported dining out at least once the previous day. Those who dined out also had significantly greater levels of phthalate metabolites in their urine.This association was consistent across all ages, genders and ethnicities, but it was strongest among teenagers who ate out: They had phthalate levels 55% higher than those who ate at home."The association between phthalate exposure and dining out existed in all age groups, but the magnitude of the association was highest for teenagers," Zota said. "Certain foods, especially cheeseburgers and other sandwiches, were also associated with increased levels of phthalates, but only if they were purchased from a dining-out establishment."This is not the first time phthalate levels have been linked to food sources. In 2016, Zota led?a study?that showed a connection between phthalate exposure and fast-food restaurants. The new study expands on this research by showing that the link persists even when eating at other types of establishments, such as sit-down restaurants and cafeterias, she said."We first used this methodology to focus on fast food and found some striking associations between recent fast food consumption and phthalate exposure," Zota said. "And now, we extended that to see if the findings were unique to fast food, or how do they compare to other food outlets that may reflect other types of food processing and manufacturing systems?"Last year,?a report found high concentrations of phthalates in macaroni and cheese mixes, which prompted a push for additional regulation of the chemicals in food. Although the US Food and Drug Administration monitors levels of phthalates in a number of cosmetics, it does not regulate its presence in food or beverage products."Policy would need to focus on reducing phthalate exposures in food production processes. Food manufacturers would need to know about sources of contamination and work to reduce these," Sathyanarayana said. "The other way to approach it is to either reduce or ban phthalate use in food manufacturing."The good news, though, is that phthalates linger in the body for only about a day. Changing your eating habits and consuming more home-cooked meals could therefore have almost immediate health benefits, according to Zota."Preparing food at home may represent a win-win," Zota said. "Home-cooked meals can be a good way to reduce sugar, unhealthy fats and salt, and this study suggests that they may not have as many harmful phthalates as restaurant meals."The other important point is that these chemicals are ubiquitous in the environment," she added."So, to really reduce everyone's exposure to these potentially harmful chemicals, we need systemic changes to how our food is produced and transported, and that's going to require changes in policy as well as market-based solutions." 5643

EL CAJON, CA (KGTV) - Students at a private school in El Cajon are scheduled to return to class next month.Parents of children at Foothills Christian Middle School got a letter from the school over the weekend outlining their re-opening plan.According to the letter, the school will re-open September 8th.A local mom contacted 10News concerned about the plan. She didn't give her name because she doesn't want retaliation against her daughter. She was surprised at the September return date."If schools could be open, I would send her to school, if the county said we could do that, I would do that, but they're saying we can't go to school and we should be wearing masks," said the mom.According to the letter, there is a five step plan for reopening:*Regular COVID-19 self-check screening questions*Temperature readings prior to entering campus*Hand hygiene*Environmental Cleaning/Sanitization and Refillable Water Bottle Stations*Face masks/coveringsThe letter states that face coverings will not be required, but will be optional on campus. It goes on to list several reasons, including:*There is a lack of evidence that wearing a face mask prevents COVID-19 transmission in children*Children are not typically trained in their use and there is potential for increased risk of infection with improper mask use*Masks can be irritating and may lead to increased touching of face and eyes*It is impractical for a child to wear a mask properly for the duration of the school dayThe mom who contacted us says this will send mixed messages to her child."What we're telling her at home is completely different than, this is completely opposite of everything we're doing. So it's shocking to her, she's like why wouldn't I wear a mask," said the mom.The letter states wearing a mask will be the personal choice of students or faculty, but there may be some occasions where face coverings are required, like field trips."I wouldn't want her to wear a mask at school and be peer pressured not to, or be made fun of for wearing it," said the mom.As far as social distancing, the letter only states, "we will do our best to encourage physical distancing."The letter asks parents and their child to sign it, agreeing to the terms before returning to school.According to CA's governor, counties on the state's COVID-19 monitoring list cannot open schools for in-person instruction. San Diego county remains on that list. Elementary schools can apply for a waiver to return to school.10News called and emailed the school principal for comment, but she did not respond. 2565

During an appearance on Fox News on Monday evening, Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-South Carolina, said he's confident that Republicans have enough votes to confirm a President Donald Trump's Supreme Court justice nominee."We've got the votes to confirm Justice Ginsburg's replacement before the election," Graham told Sean Hannity on Monday. "We're going to move forward in the committee, we're going to report the nomination out of the committee to the floor of the United States Senate so we can vote before the election. Now, that's the constitutional process."The Republican caucus currently holds a 53-47 voting edge over Democrats. So far, two Republican senators — Susan Collins and Lisa Murkowski — have said they will not vote for Trump's nominee, saying that whoever wins the 2020 presidential election should select the new justice. Should a 50-50 tie occur, Vice President Mike Pence would break the tie and likely vote to confirm Trump's nominee.Graham is the head of the Senate Judiciary Committee and will run the confirmation hearings for Trump's nominee. He was also the head of that committee in 2018 when Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh was confirmed amid allegations of sexual assault.Protesters gathered at the homes of Graham and Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell on Monday to call for a delay in the nomination process. Graham said the protests would not sway his decision."After Kavanaugh, everything changed with me," Graham told Fox News. "They are not going to intimidate me, [Senate Majority Leader] Mitch McConnell, or anybody else." 1574

EL CAJON , Calif. (KGTV) - The El Cajon Recreation Department is scheduled to host 'April Pools Day' an afternoon pool safety demonstration for free at Fletcher Hills Pool.April Pools Day begins at 3:30 p.m. and runs to 5:30 p.m. on Friday, April 13 and features a life-jacket giveaway, sun safety information, mini CPR lessons, crafts, water safety tips and free open swimming. 411