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WASHINGTON, Dec. 7 (Xinhua) -- Drugs that affect the levels of an important brain protein involved in learning and memory reverse cellular changes in the brain seen during aging, according to an animal study published Wednesday in the Journal of Neuroscience. The findings could one day aid in the development of new drugs that enhance cognitive function in older adults.Aging-related memory loss is associated with the gradual deterioration of the structure and function of synapses (the connections between brain cells) in brain regions critical to learning and memory, such as the hippocampus.Recent studies suggested that histone acetylation, a chemical process that controls whether genes are turned on, affects this process. Specifically, it affects brain cells' ability to alter the strength and structure of their connections for information storage, a process known as synaptic plasticity, which is a cellular signature of memory.In the current study, Cui-Wei Xie, of the University of California, Los Angeles, and colleagues found that compared with younger rats, hippocampi from older rats have less brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) -- a protein that promotes synaptic plasticity -- and less histone acetylation of the Bdnf gene. By treating the hippocampal tissue from older animals with a drug that increased histone acetylation, they were able to restore BDNF production and synaptic plasticity to levels found in younger animals."These findings shed light on why synapses become less efficient and more vulnerable to impairment during aging," said Xie, who led the study. "Such knowledge could help develop new drugs for cognitive aging and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease," she added.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 21 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Wednesday approved Isentress for the treatment of HIV-1 infection for children and adolescents.The drug is part of a class of medications called HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors that works by slowing the spread of HIV in the body. It was first approved for use in adult patients in October 2007, under FDA's accelerated approval program."Many young children and adolescents are living with HIV and this approval provides an important additional option for their treatment," said Edward Cox, director of the Office of Antimicrobial Products in the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.Isentress is a pill that can be taken twice daily, with or without food. The pill is also available in a chewable form. As the two tablet formulations are not interchangeable, the chewable form is only approved for use in children ages 2 to 11.A single, multi-center clinical trial of 96 children and adolescents aged 2-18 years with HIV-1 infection evaluated the safety and effectiveness of Isentress. These patients previously received treatment for HIV-1 infection. After 24 weeks of treatment with Isentress, 53 percent of these patients had an undetectable amount of HIV in their blood.According to the FDA, the most commonly reported severe, treatment-related side effects in patients taking Isentress include trouble sleeping and headache. The frequency of these side effects is similar for children and adults. One pediatric patient reported severe treatment-related insomnia, while another pediatric patient experienced a drug-related skin rash.

BEIJING, Jan. 5 (Xinhua) -- Chinese media organizations on Thursday unveiled the top 10 domestic and international news events of 2011.The selection of news events, the eighth of its kind in China, was jointly carried out by 46 major online media providers, including people.com.cn and Xinhuanet.com.The following are the top 10 domestic news events of 2011:-- China launched a series of tough government measures to cool off the property market, including higher mortgage rates, a ban on third-home mortgage loans and purchase restrictions. The State Council, or China's Cabinet, introduced a policy package urging enhanced efforts to ensure the healthy development of the property sector and to promote the construction of affordable housing units for low-income families.-- More than 90 central government departments publicized their 2010 and 2011 spending on government-funded overseas travel, receptions and official cars upon an order issued after an executive meeting of the State Council in May.-- China's amended Criminal Law criminalized all drunk driving incidents starting May 1. The previous law imposed criminal penalties on drunk drivers only when they caused serious traffic accidents.-- Food safety scandals erupted in great number in 2011. Authorities busted farmers for adding clenbuterol, a known carcinogen, to pig feed in order to grow leaner pigs.-- In a speech delivered on July 1 at a ceremony marking the 90th founding anniversary of the Communist Party of China (CPC), Hu Jintao, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, hailed the Party's achievements and stressed efforts for the future development of the country and the Party.-- On July 23, a high-speed train rammed into a stalled train near the city of Wenzhou in the eastern province of Zhejiang, leaving 40 dead and 191 injured.-- The launch and safe return of the Shenzhou-8 unmanned spacecraft marked the successful completion of China's first space docking mission, with the spacecraft docking with the Tiangong-1 space lab module.-- A gathering was held on Oct. 9 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of China's 1911 Revolution, which ended 2,000 years of imperial rule in the country by toppling the Qing Dynasty.-- The 17th Central Committee of the CPC concluded its sixth plenary session in October, adopting a landmark guideline for improving the nation's cultural soft power and promoting Chinese culture. The CPC Central Committee also pledged enhanced efforts to promote the healthy and positive development of Internet culture.-- Ethics and morality were heavily discussed in the public sphere, with two incidents stoking debate. In July, a woman in east China's city of Hangzhou caught a two-year-old girl who plunged from the window of a 10th-floor apartment, winning praise from people across the country. However, in late August, a bus driver in east China's Jiangsu province stopped to save an old woman who was hit by a three-wheeled vehicle, only to find himself held accountable for the accident.The following are the top 10 international news events of 2011:-- Strong turbulence was encountered by several countries in western Asia and northern Africa.-- On March 11, a 9.0-magnitude earthquake struck Japan and triggered a huge tsunami, killing over 15,000 people and causing radioactive leaks from several reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.-- On May 1, U.S. Navy commandos killed al-Qaida leader Osama Bin Laden in a cross-border raid at Abbotabad.-- On July 10, Rupert Murdoch's News International company closed its News of the World tabloid after it was accused of hacking the mobile phones of dead crime victims to access saved messages.-- With the world economy staggering under the European and U.S. debt crises, the Occupy Wall Street movement was launched on Sept. 17, protesting corruption and greed in the financial sector.-- Apple co-founder and longtime Chief Executive Officer Steve Jobs passed away in October at the age of 56 after years of fighting pancreatic cancer.-- On March 19, NATO launched airstrikes in Libya to impose a no-fly zone under a UN Security Council resolution. On Oct. 20, Libya's former leader Muammar Gaddafi was killed as his hometown of Sirte fell to rebel forces.-- A report published by the UN Population Fund showed that the world's population reached 7 billion on Oct. 31, 2011.-- On March 7, U.S. credit rating agency Moody's Investors Service downgraded the credit rating of the Greek sovereign debt to B1, marking the start of the European sovereign debt crisis and worsening the economic situation in the eurozone.-- Kim Jong Il, the top leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), died on Dec. 17, 2011 from "a great mental and physical strain."

BEIJING, Dec. 30 (Xinhua) -- China's quality watchdog said Friday that the latest checks by testing organizations did not find excessive levels of aflatoxin in milk products made by Chinese dairies.The special checks were launched after the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) reported on Dec. 23 that two batches of milk products made by two separate domestic dairies, including heavyweight Mengniu Dairy Group, were found to contain high levels of the cancer-causing toxin.A brief statement on the government agency's website Friday said the checks have covered major makers, including Mengniu, Yili Industrial Group, Bright Dairy, and Sanyuan Food.An AQSIQ official said earlier the toxin had originated from cows eating mildewed feed, citing reviews by experts. The toxin would disappear if the animals stop eating the rotten feed, the official said.Aflatoxin is produced by a fungus that commonly grows on crops such as grain and peanuts. High levels of the toxin may lead to cancer in some animals.

BEIJING, Jan. 3 (Xinhua) -- A collection of China's nine white papers issued in 2011 has been published in both Chinese and English, according to a statement issued by the publisher on Tuesday.By giving a clear and precise illustration of China's policies, principles and progress in subjects like national defense, law, climate change and international trade, the white papers can help the world know about, and understand, China, the statement said.The white papers are titled, "China's National Defense in 2010," "China's Foreign Aid," "Sixty Years Since the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet," "China's Peaceful Development," "The Socialist System of Laws with Chinese Characteristics," "New Progress in Development-oriented Poverty Reduction Program for Rural China," "China's Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change (2011)," "China's Foreign Trade" and "China's Space Activities in 2011."The white papers were all published by the Information Office of the State Council on behalf of the Chinese government.The latest one on space activities was issued last Thursday.