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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Surgeons at UC San Diego are using new technology that offers more options for patients who have complex thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. UC San Diego Health System is the first on the West Coast to use Dynamic Morphology Correction, a type of 3D imaging. It allows surgeons to compare scans taken before the procedure to real-time pictures during the surgery.Dr. Mahmoud Malas, Chief of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery at UC San Diego, says this type of technology uses minimal iodine contrast which lessens the chance of kidney problems for 25 percent of patients dealing with aneurysms.The data from this technology helps surgeons across the country.Dr. Malas adds, " They create prediction models that helps future surgeons perform procedures more accurately." 795

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The Department of Defense has awarded a San Diego biotech company up to million to help develop a next-generation drug to fight COVID-19.Sorrento Therapeutics calls the drug a “rapid countermeasure” against the disease, one that might serve as a vaccine substitute in certain populations or a critical stopgap tool if the virus mutates.“With this, we have a new platform potentially that can respond very quickly to any type of emerging threat,” said CEO Dr. Henry Ji.Sorrento is trying to become the first company to develop an approved DNA-encoded monoclonal antibody treatment. The approach is similar to the experimental monoclonal antibody treatment used on President Trump, but Sorrento’s concept is a more advanced version that offers several benefits.Sorrento’s drug is designed to be used as either a treatment in infected patients or a fast-forming layer of defense in healthy people. The company said its solution should be cheaper and easier to deploy than existing monoclonal antibodies, while offering vaccine-like protective effects that last for several months rather than just two or three weeks.Antibodies are one of the body’s key defense mechanisms. They seek out pathogens and bind to them, marking the invader for destruction like ground troops marking an enemy base for an airstrike. In some cases, antibodies can even neutralize an invader themselves by blocking its method of entry into cells.Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies designed by scientists to neutralize a pathogen. They are hand-picked, genetically modified super antibodies that are cloned in labs.However, the process of growing these super soldiers in the lab is difficult, transporting them requires a cold chain, and as a result, monoclonal antibodies are among the most expensive drugs in the world.Instead of giving people an infusion of pre-made antibodies, Sorrento’s idea is to give people a shot of DNA that instructs some of their cells to churn out perfectly pre-designed antibodies.“It's much easier to make enough DNA to treat a large number of people than it is to make enough protein to treat a large number of people. That’s just a fact about manufacturing,” said Dr. Robert Allen, Sorrento’s chief scientific officer on the project.Dr. Allen said the company is hopeful the drug will induce cells to make protective antibodies for six months or more.This DNA approach to an antibody treatment has never been approved for any disease but other companies are working on their own versions of it. Another biotech with ties to San Diego, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, became the first company to test this approach in humans in 2019 for a drug targeting the Zika virus.Sorrento’s approach is similar to the way DNA vaccines work, but it cuts out intermediary steps and jumpstarts the production of antibodies, rather than leaving the production of antibodies up to the body’s immune system. The result is that protective antibodies can start circulating in days after injection rather than weeks, the company said.“What this is capable of doing is it bypasses the need for the immune system,” said Dr. Mark Brunswick, Sorrento’s senior vice president for regulatory affairs.The drug is unlikely to replace a vaccine in most situations because vaccines can produce other defense mechanisms like T-cells that work in conjunction with antibodies. But the drug might work better than a vaccine for the elderly and others with weakened immune systems who are unable to produce a robust number of antibodies on their own, Brunswick said.Still, the company still has a lot of pre-clinical work and testing to go. Sorrento is hoping to have the drug ready for human trials in four to six months.By then, vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna will likely be widely available, but Dr. Ji said the world needs to prepare for the possibility this virus will mutate.“When you vaccinate hundreds of millions, potentially billions of people, the virus is under tremendous evolution pressure,” he said. “It will escape. It’s guaranteed that the virus is going to mutate and escape all of the vaccines we’re trying to create.”If it does, he said Sorrento will be ready to rapidly deploy its DNA-based countermeasure. 4223

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The CDC is making plans to distribute millions of doses of a coronavirus vaccine by late next month, but government officials have gotten these predictions wrong in the past.Doctors and scientists say there are reasons to be skeptical of the timelines laid out by Operation Warp Speed based on the lessons of 2009 and 1976.During the height of the H1N1 Pandemic in 2009, San Diegans waited in long lines to get vaccinated only to find there were not many doses to go around.The CDC initially projected there would be 120 million doses of vaccine ready by October 2009. Then federal officials scaled back the projection to 45 million.By the end of October, only 23 million doses would become available due to delays in the manufacturing process.“The lesson of H1N1 is that you may make all the plans on paper, but the actual nuts and bolts of rolling it out is really challenging and not to be underestimated,” said Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, an infectious disease specialist at UC San Francisco.Manufacturers had trouble growing the H1N1 vaccine in chicken eggs, the most common method for producing flu vaccines. There were also issues with testing the vaccine’s potency and problems switching production lines from the seasonal flu vaccine to the H1N1 strain, according to an after-action report by the Department of Health and Human Services.A lot goes into making a vaccine, said Dr. Rahul Gupta of March of Dimes.“It's not just the vaccine but also the syringes, and the needles, and the stoppers, and the alcohol pads,” he said. “There are so many other things that go along when we talk about a vaccine.”By the time the vaccine was widely available, the pandemic had petered out.Experts say there are also some parallels to what happened in 1976.During the height of an election cycle, President Gerald Ford fast-tracked a vaccine after some soldiers on a military base in New Jersey got sick with a strain of H1N1, then called Swine Flu, that was genetically similar to the strain that killed millions in 1918.“Some scientists were telling Gerald Ford that this was going to be as bad as Spanish Flu,” said Dr. Chin-Hong.The U.S. launched a huge media campaign, urging Americans to get vaccinated.President Ford rolled up his sleeve and got the vaccine, along with one-quarter with the U.S. population, beginning in October of 1976.However, the viral strain they were worried about never spread beyond the military base, and there were rare side effects linked to the vaccine. Of the 45 million people inoculated, about 450 people developed Guillain–Barré syndrome and about 30 people died.One month after the vaccinations began, Ford lost the election and the episode became known as the “Swine Flu Affair.”Experts say it’s normal to have adverse reactions and production delays on the road to a vaccine.“We have to understand that’s a process. And we learn as we go along. And people have to trust the process as well,” Dr. Gupta said.But doctors say it’s a process that takes a lot of coordination, and there are aspects you just don’t want to rush. 3081

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The newest cheetah cub at the San Diego Zoo has begun a training program to become one of the zoo's animal ambassadors.10News was taken inside the cheetah habitat Wednesday for a behind-the-scenes look at the process, focusing on a five-month-old cub, Roketi."She actually came from a litter of six at a zoo in Texas," said Nicki Boyd, the zoo's Behavior Husbandry Manager. "Unfortunately, she was the runt and not thriving. She had five brothers who were stealing all the milk."Because Roketi could have died by staying with her mother and siblings, she was removed and reared by humans, then sent to the San Diego Zoo.Because of her comfort level with people, Roketi was chosen to train as an animal ambassador. That means she'll be part of the "Animals in Action" program, which gives visitors a closer view and more interactive experience with zoo animals.Many visitors are surprised to see dogs in the habitat with cheetahs, but experts say the dogs help young cheetahs adjust, play, and learn how to interact with humans.The training can take months. "We don't just throw them in together," explained Charmaine Davis, who heads the program. "It's a process. It's all this passive training, day by day."Davis says they use dogs of several different breeds. More important is to find dogs which are the appropriate size to play with a cheetah, not too big or too small.Davis says the zoo is proud to use rescue dogs. "We try, best we can, to find them in the local shelters, giving them a forever home here at the San Diego Zoo with a beautiful, spotted cheetah." 1595

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Swings and slides sit still across San Diego County, with caution tape wrapped around jungle gyms. Signs warning of coronavirus exposure tell hopeful parents and children the playgrounds they love are still closed.And no one seems to know when that will change."Kids do get infected with COVID, just like adults do," says Dr. Mark Sawyer, a Pediatric Infectious Disease Physician at Rady Children's Hospital."This is why we're worried about kids gathering because they potentially could get infected there and bring the infection home to more high-risk individuals who live in their house."Playgrounds have been closed since the start of the pandemic in March.ABC 10News reached out to San Diego County Officials to see if they have any guidelines in place. A spokesperson referred us to the State Reopening Guidelines.In hundreds of pages of reopening guidelines and plans, the word "playground" only comes up a handful of times. One is in the Industry Guidance for Campgrounds, RV Parks, and Outdoor Recreation. It advises campgrounds that "Playgrounds should also remain closed."Another time is in the State's new Blueprint Activity and Business Tiers for reopening. It specifies that Family Entertainment Centers can reopen Indoor Playgrounds at 50% capacity once their county reaches the Yellow or least restrictive tier.Parents and some lawmakers are growing frustrated at the lack of clarity for City and County-owned playgrounds at parks.On Tuesday, a group of two dozen state lawmakers sent a letter to Governor Gavin Newsom asking him to create clear guidelines for reopening. San Diego Mayor Kevin Faulconer tweeted his support for the letter.Doctors, however, urge caution."Playgrounds are gold mines for transmissions for other diseases," says Dr. Christian Ramers, an Infectious Disease Specialist at Family Health Centers of San Diego."Kids get runny noses. There's a lot of touching there. Kids are touching everything with their hands. So I think there's uncertainty."Still, studies show kids need outdoor physical activity. A recent report from the American Academy of Pediatrics reinforced guidelines that say kids 3-5 years old should get 3 hours of physical activity every day. Kids 6-17 need at least one hour."I really think kids should be able to play," says Dr. Jaime Friedman, a Pediatrician with Children's Primary Care Medical Group. She says small groups should be able to use playgrounds as long as they wipe down equipment and maintain social distancing."But, I think it would be hard to mandate that everybody has to do it in that way or make a schedule of who can be on the playground..."The important thing is that they need to make sure they're washing their hands, not touching their face, and if other kids show up, or other families show up, then you probably want to get out of there," Dr. Friedman says.There's also a mental health aspect to the debate, as studies show outdoor play helps kids avoid anxiety, depression, and negative feelings.Rady Child Psychologist Brent Crandal says it's up to parents to get creative with play and find other outdoor options."We can take advantage of all the spaces near playgrounds that seem to be open to the public," Dr. Crandal says. "There are hiking trails. There are beaches. There are a lot of outdoor areas to take advantage of."Many parents have decided to break the rules and let their kids use playgrounds anyway. Some playgrounds have added padlocks on swingsets and slides to enforce the rules.In the meantime, City and County leaders say they can't do anything until the state releases specific guidelines for playgrounds.Doctors say the best way to get playgrounds open again is to work towards eliminating the virus."The only way to control this is community-wide effort to follow the guidelines which are basically wearing a mask and staying away from other people," says Dr. Sawyer from Rady Children's Hospital. "If we do that, we're going to win this battle." 3984