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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The back-to-back announcements of promising clinical trial results from Pfizer and Moderna may usher in a new era for vaccine technology.Both companies have candidates that rely on a new kind of vaccine strategy: RNA. Preliminary data show both candidates are more than 90 percent effective.On the surface, the vaccine candidates look like any other you’ve taken. They work by training your body to build up defensive weapons against a virus, like antibodies and T-cells.But instead of training your body by introducing a killed virus or a fragment of a virus, the vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer introduce a set of instructions called messenger RNA enclosed in a little blob of fat.“The key concept of RNA is that they’re messages, and they’re meant as short-term messages,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.Crotty said there are 5,000 to 10,000 messages within a cell at any given time.Once administered, the mRNA in the vaccine instructs some of your cells to make the coronavirus’ signature spike protein. The spike protein on the surface of the coronavirus allows it to infiltrate and hijack cells.Even though the spike protein is just one of about 25 genes the virus has, preliminary results from the clinical trials suggest it is enough material to train the immune system without making the recipient sick.Crotty likened the process of training the immune system to spotting a sedan. If the coronavirus is a car, the spike protein might be the door.“There's no way that car door could turn into a whole car, but it's enough of a piece of a car for your immune system to recognize that car if it saw it again,” he said.Scientists started by sequencing the virus’ DNA from a sick patient, then encoding that genetic sequence into an mRNA instruction molecule that can be read by the manufacturing part of cells.From there, Dr. Crotty said it’s a bit like the messenger app Snapchat.The mRNA gets injected into the body, sending temporary instructions to your cells that last for a while, then disappear. mRNA does not genetically modify cells, he stressed.“They’re around as messages for some period of time and then they go away, and the cells get back to their normal job of reading their own messages instead of reading the messages you’re injecting in the vaccine,” he said.The concept has been around since the 1990s, but there are currently no RNA vaccines on the market for any pathogen, so Dr. Crotty said it’s hard to estimate how long their protective effects will last.Some vaccines offer a lifetime of protection, like the measles vaccine. Others offer decades of protection. The flu vaccine only lasts about six months.Dr. Crotty said the length of protection depends on how fast the virus mutates and how long the immune cells survive in the body.But even if the COVID-19 vaccine turns out to need an annual update, he’s optimistic. The best feature of RNA vaccines is that they can be quickly reprogrammed.Both Moderna and Pfizer are still in their Phase 3 trials, but they expect to finish them by December. Together, they estimate they’ll have enough doses for about 35 million people by the end of this year, primarily for healthcare workers and high-risk individuals. 3250

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Summer is just around the corner, and that means it's almost time to break out the swimsuit. Thankfully for anyone trying to get swimsuit-ready, there are plenty of health-conscious restaurants in San Diego to choose from. Check out the list below of top-rated vegan restaurants in San Diego, according to Yelp:  355

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The California Restaurant Association has a grim forecast for the restaurant industry as communities across the state begin to see more and more restaurant closures.When the coronavirus pandemic started, the CRA projected that 20 to 30 percent of restaurants could close their doors for good because of the pandemic. That projection is looking to be on the higher end now, according to Jot Condie, the CRA's president and CEO."With this second shutdown, it's likely to be closer to 30 percent," Condie said. "A lot of restaurants that we're learning are closed, are doing it quietly. There are no signs posted, no banners saying we're closed for good."He said while many variables are at play, even when restaurants can reopen completely, many restaurant owners will not be out of the woods yet."After the opening, you'll see a sort of shaking out of the industry in those first 18 months," Condie said.Condie said the restaurants most at risk are fine dining and independently owned.He also said the impact will likely vary in various parts of the state. Condie believes that San Diego County and Southern California's restaurant industry may fare better than the rest of the state because of better weather throughout the year. The weather will be a significant factor for restaurants that can offer outdoor dining and expanded outdoor dining."Where the weather cooperates almost all year, you're likely not to see the challenges of survival that you will see in, for example, San Francisco or the Bay Area," he said. 1546

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Thanksgiving with the Salvation Army will be different in 2020 because of the coronavirus pandemic."We knew that we were going to do something," says Captain Sean Kelsley, who oversees the Salvation Army East County Operations. "The question was, what would it look like?"For the past 30 years, the Salvation Army held large, family-style gatherings to feed people experiencing homelessness, the disabled, and families in need at Golden Hall for Thanksgiving. They plan for 1,800 people, plus volunteers.But a gathering of 2,000+ people is strictly forbidden under California and San Diego County COVID-19 guidelines.In its place, the Salvation Army will offer "grab-and-go" style meals at four locations around the county."We're just glad to be able to be here," says Captain Kelsey. "However people celebrate the holidays, they'll at least be able to get some turkey and some gravy and all that good stuff."People will also receive an additional bag of fruit and snacks with their meals.In addition to providing food, Captain Kelsey says it's a way to connect with people and help them through whatever hardships they face."It allows us to encourage people and find out about a situation that is so dire, that maybe we can wrap around that individual that family, get them plugged in, and get them connected so they can get back on their feet," he says.Service for the meals will start at 11 am at the following locations:Oceanside Corps: 3935 Lake Blvd, Oceanside, CA 92056Centre City Corps: 825 7th Avenue, San Diego, CA 92101Citadel Corps: 4170 Balboa Ave, San Diego, CA 92117El Cajon Red Shield Center: 1025 E. Main St, El Cajon, CA 92021 1671

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The first batch of Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine arrived in San Diego County Monday morning.In a tweet, county officials said: "First COVID-19 vaccine for front line health care workers arrives in San Diego." First COVID-19 vaccine for front line health care workers arrives in San Diego. pic.twitter.com/rvMp6BN9a3— SanDiegoCounty (@SanDiegoCounty) December 14, 2020 The vaccine will be distributed in a phased approach, due to the number of doses made available.According to the county, about 28,000 doses of Pfizer's vaccine will be given to San Diego County. Front line workers will be first to be vaccinated, followed by long-term care facility residents and employees.Doses from the county's allotment were sent to UC San Diego Medical Center and Rady Children's Hospital on Monday and Tuesday.A separate batch of vaccines was sent to Naval Medical Center San Diego and Naval Hospital Camp Pendleton on Monday.The Department of Defense chose both locations as hubs where some service members will be vaccinated.In a statement released last week, the DOD outlined their vaccine distribution plans. They will follow the CDC guidelines and will prioritize those who provide direct medical care, followed by critical national security units, and then deployed forces.The vaccine arrival comes as military hospitals in San Diego are also seeing a surge in COVID-19 cases. The San Diego Union-Tribune reports that Naval Medical Center San Diego has 16 ICU beds, but they are at 70% capacity. Naval Hospital Camp Pendleton’s four ICU beds are at 75%. 1574