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LOS ANGELES, April 18 (Xinhua) -- Sugarcane has the effect of cooling temperatures, thus playing role in stemming global warming, a new study has found.Sugarcane does so by reflecting sunlight back into space and by lowering the temperature of the surrounding air as the plants " exhale" cooler water, according to the study conducted by researchers at the Carnegie Institution's Department of Global Ecology.The researchers used data from hundreds of satellite images over 733,000 square miles (about 1,173 square kilometers) in Brazil, where sugarcane is widely grown. They measured temperature, reflectivity (also called albedo), and evapotranspiration -- the water loss from the soil and from plants as they exhale water vapor.The findings showed that expansion of sugarcane in areas previously occupied by other Brazilian crops cools the local climate.Converting from natural vegetation to crop/pasture on average warmed the cerrado by 2.79 Fahrenheit (1.55 Centigrade, but that subsequent conversion to sugarcane, on average, cooled the surrounding air by 1.67 Fahrenheit (0.93 Centigrade), the researchers said in the study published in the April issue of Nature Climate Change."We found that shifting from natural vegetation to crops or pasture results in local warming because the plants give off less beneficial water. But the bamboo-like sugarcane is more reflective and gives off more water -- much like the natural vegetation," said lead researcher Scott Loarie. "It's a potential win-win for the climate -- using sugarcane to power vehicles reduces carbon emissions, while growing it lowers the local air temperature."Brazilians are world leaders in using biofuels for gasoline. About a quarter of their automobile fuel consumption comes from sugarcane, which significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions that otherwise would be emitted from using gasoline.The researchers emphasized that the beneficial effects are contingent on the fact sugarcane is grown on areas previously occupied by crops or pastureland, and not in areas converted from natural vegetation. It is also important that other crops and pastureland do not move to natural vegetation areas, which would contribute to deforestation.So far most of the thinking about ecosystem effects on climate considers only impacts from greenhouse gas emissions. But according to co-researcher Greg Asner, "It's becoming increasingly clear that direct climate effects on local climate from land-use decisions constitute significant impacts that need to be considered core elements of human-caused climate change."

SAN FRANCISCO, May 6 (Xinhua) -- Bud Tribble, Apple's vice president of software technology, will testify at the Congressional hearings on mobile privacy next week, according to the witness list released on Friday.Tribble will represent Apple at the hearings of the U.S. Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Privacy, Technology and the Law. The hearings, entitled "Protecting Mobile Privacy: Your Smartphones, Tablets, Cell Phones and Your Privacy," is scheduled to take place next Tuesday in the wake of an iPhone location database controversy.Tribble is one of the industry's top experts in software design and object-oriented programming, known for helping to design the Mac OS and user interface. He is considered as the right-hand man of Apple CEO Steve Jobs and has been with Jobs since they developed the original Macintosh. When Jobs was forced to resign from Apple in 1985, Tribble followed Jobs and co-founded another computer company NeXT Computer. He rejoined Apple and Jobs in 2002.At the upcoming Congressional hearing, Tribble will be joined by Alan Davidson, Google's director of public policy for the Americas.Apple has been under heavy fire after it was alleged last month that its iphones and other smart phones had been collecting customers' location information. In the wake of the controversy, U. S. senator Al Franken, chairman of the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Privacy, Technology and the Law, scheduled the mobile privacy hearing and asked representatives from Apple and Google to testify.Apple has denied the alleged practice and released software updates to make iPhone store less location information to quell public concerns over privacy.

WASHINGTON, April 3 (Xinhua) -- In the largest study of its kind, researchers from a consortium led by the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, the University of Miami, and the Boston University School of Medicine, identified four new genes linked to Alzheimer's disease. The findings appeared Sunday in the current issue of Nature Genetics.Each gene individually adds to the risk of having this common form of dementia later in life. These new genes offer a portal into what causes Alzheimer's disease and is a major advance in the field.The study, conducted by the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium, reports genetic analysis of more than 11,000 people with Alzheimer's disease and a nearly equal number of elderly people who have no symptoms of dementia. Three other consortia contributed confirming data from additional people, bringing the total number of people analyzed to over 54,000. The consortium also contributed to the identification of a fifth gene reported by other groups of investigators from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and other European countries.The study is the result of a large collaborative effort with investigators from 44 universities and research institutions in the United States, led by Gerard Schellenberg at University of Pennsylvania."This is the culmination of years of work on Alzheimer's disease by a large number of scientists, yet it is just the beginning in defining how genes influence memory and intellectual function as we age. We are all tremendously excited by our progress so far, but much remains to be done, both in understanding the genetics and in defining how these genes influence the disease process," Schellenberg said.Until recently, only four genes associated with late-onset Alzheimer's have been confirmed, with the gene for apolipoprotein E-e4, APOE-e4, having the largest effect on risk. The Nature Genetics studies add another four -- MS4A, CD2AP, CD33, and EPHA1 -- and contribute to identifying and confirming two other genes, BIN1 and ABCA7, thereby doubling the number of genes known to contribute Alzheimer's disease.

WASHINGTON, Feb. 7 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) determined Monday that imports of drill pipe and drill collars from China threatened the U.S. industry with material injury.As a result of the USITC's affirmative threat determinations, the U.S. Commerce Department will issue anti-dumping and countervailing duty orders on imports of these products from China.On January 4, the U.S. Commerce Department announced its affirmative final determinations in the anti-dumping duty and countervailing duty investigations on imports of drill pipe from China. The department determined that Chinese producers and exporters had sold drill pipe in the United States at margins ranging between 0.00 and 69.32 percent, while they have received countervailable subsidies of 18.18 percent ad valorem.In the anti-dumping investigation, mandatory respondent China's DP Master Manufacturing Co., Ltd. and Jiangyin Liangda Drill Pipe Co., Ltd. received a dumping rate of 69.32 percent. Baoshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. as well as Shanxi Yida Special Steel Imp. and Exp. Co., Ltd. each received a dumping rate of 0.00 percent, according to the department.The USITC did not specify the combined value of imported drill pipe and drill collars from China in the statement. A determination will be considered as affirmative if there is a 3-3 voting result within the USITC Commissioners.Drill pipe and drill collars are hollow drill string components used in drilling rigs, particularly those intended to extract oil and gas, to transmit power and conduct lubricant during the drilling process.

ABU DHABI, Feb. 10 (Xinhua) -- China is willing to deepen friendship, broaden cooperation, and enhance coordination with the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in international and regional affairs, visiting Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi said Thursday.During a meeting with Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Yang said China and the UAE have witnessed in recent years rapid development in their bilateral ties, with closer high-level contacts, increasingly strengthened mutual political trust, fruitful cooperation in such areas as trade and economy, and broadened cultural exchanges.China has praised the UAE's support in Xinjiang-related and human rights issues, he added.For his part, Sheikh Mohammed said the UAE-China relations are currently at an important period of in-depth development and faced with good opportunities.The UAE attaches great importance to its relations with China and hopes to cement the traditional friendship between the two countries and develop pragmatic cooperation in various fields, he added.Sheikh Mohammed said the UAE expects that China will continue to play a positive role in international and regional affairs.Earlier in the day, Yang also met with his UAE counterpart Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan. Both sides reached broad consensus after exchanging views on bilateral ties and regional issues of common concern.The Chinese foreign minister arrived in the UAE capital of Abu Dhabi late Wednesday for an official visit to the Gulf nation.

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