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MANOA, Hawaii – As much as 40% of all beaches on Oahu, Hawaii’s most populated island, could be lost by 2050 due to rising sea levels and the current policies to address the threat.That’s according to a new study from the University of Hawaii’s School of Ocean and Earth Science Technology.Researchers looked at the risk of shoreline hardening, the construction of seawalls and revetments. They say the process accelerates erosion and interrupts natural beach migration.Scientists assessed the Oahu shoreline that would be most vulnerable to erosion and identified the location and severity of risk of shoreline hardening and beach loss, and a potential timeline for the increase in erosion hazards.They found the most threatened properties fall into an “administrative erosion hazard zone,” an area likely to experience erosion hazards and qualify for the emergency permitting process to harden the shoreline.“By assessing computer models of the beach migration caused by 9.8 inches of sea level rise, an amount with a high probability of occurring before mid-century, we found that emergency permit applications for shoreline hardening to protect beachfront property will substantially increase,” said Kammie Tavares, who led the study.Co-author Dr. Tiffany Anderson says they’ve determined that almost 30% of all present-day sandy shoreline on Oahu is already hardened and another 3.5% was found to be so threatened that those areas qualify for an emergency permit now.“Our modeling indicates that, as sea level rises about 10 inches by mid-century, an additional nearly 8% of sandy shoreline will be at risk of hardening—meaning at that point, nearly 40% of Oahu’s sandy beaches could be lost in favor of hardened shorelines,” said Anderson.Fletcher and her fellow researchers are calling on government agencies to develop creative and socially equitable programs to rescue beachfront owners and free the sandy ecosystem, so that it can migrate towards land as it must in an era of rising seas.“It is urgent that options are developed soon for beachfront landowners and resource managers to avoid further destructive management decisions,” said Fletcher.“This research shows that conversations on the future of our beaches and how we will care for them must happen now rather than later, if we are to protect our sandy beaches,” said Tavares. 2354

Marine Sergeant Richard Murphy was missing in action for more than seven decades in a World War II battle on the Pacific front.Murphy’s amphibious landing craft got stuck on a reef and everyone had to abandon ship to get to shore. He stayed behind to help another wounded Marine."That’s when shell fire came in and blew up the craft and Uncle Richard and his fellow marine were never seen again alive," said Jerry Murphy, Richard’s nephew.Jerry and his cousin Jeanne Robinson’s DNA were used to identify Richard’s remains that washed up on the beach in Sia Pan in 1944. Jerry, along with his cousins, had never met Sergeant Murphy, yet the family bond is strong."It’s an amazing family experience it’s got us all here together," said Jerry.Sgt. Murphy had more than just his duties as a fighting Marine."Uncle Richard, in addition to carrying his pack as a marine and his M-1 rifle, had a typewriter with him because he was a war correspondent," said Jerry.Funerals are usually a solemn occasion."But this is a celebratory time,"Jerry said. "It’s a happy and upbeat type of event and so extraordinary."Robinson is Sgt. Murphy’s niece and never met her uncle but was well aware of his military achievements. "He was always with us. He was that handsome Marine looking out of the picture frame, he was that empty chair at Thanksgiving, he was always the person we heard stories about," said Robinson.And the man of those stories is home where the family finally could reach out and touch their uncle — a Marine, an American, a hero. One of Sgt. Murphy’s last correspondents home was to his mother. "He said, 'you know, I don’t want to die but I’m not afraid to die for my county' and that just makes us oh so proud of Uncle Richard," said Jerry.Sgt. Murphy will now spend eternity on American soil, right next to his mother.   1877

Many people across the country are full of hope now that a few COVID-19 vaccines are showing positive results, and they appear to be highly effective. But will Americans be willing to get a shot?Before Pfizer, Moderna and Astra Zeneca shared their results, Gallup Economics conducted a poll with Franklin-Templeton on what it would take for Americans to be willing to get a COVID-19 vaccine."We decided to dig deeper to why people are skeptical of a vaccine and see what pieces of information make a difference in effecting their decision in getting it or not," said Jonathan Rothwell, the Principal Economist at Gallup. Rothwell says, instead of a traditional Gallup Poll with multiple choice or open-ended questions, the more than 5,000 people surveyed were broken into groups of 200. Each group was asked different questions, proposing various scenarios and hypotheticals about a vaccine."'Imagine there's a vaccine that's going to be widely available in either', and then we varied the timing to be either the end of this year or beginning of next year. We varied whether we disclosed if it came after the FDA did three rounds of clinical trials or mention it was FDA approved," said Rothwell. People were also asked about how effective a vaccine would need to be and who would have to recommend it in order to take it."I would say the most surprising thing was telling people the Food and Drug Administration approved the vaccine after three rounds of clinical trials had a slightly negative, not significant effect relative to just telling them it's just FDA approved," said Rothwell.The results also showed African-Americans and Hispanics were more skeptical of a COVID-19 vaccine and that most people wouldn't resume activities like going to the store without a mask, traveling, or sending their kids back to school just because a COVID-19 vaccine was available.Dr. Bali Pulendran, a professor of microbiology and immunology at Stanford University, says news about the high efficacy of two different COVID-19 vaccines is extremely positive, but he understands people's hesitations."It's understandable because this is unprecedented, no one has developed vaccines at such warp speed. But, again, it has to be driven by the data and what the data shows us now is that at least in the short term, we have these vaccines that are in excess of 90% effective and safe," said Dr. Pulendran.Dr. Pulendran says just because it took less than a year to develop an effective COVID-19 vaccine, doesn't mean corners were cut to get there."The methods used to make these vaccines have gone through the same high rigorous standards that have always been used to make any number of vaccines that have been administered and that have been proven to be safe and effective. By that, I mean they’ve gone through phase one, phase two, phase three human trials, multiple independent bodies have looked at the data," said Dr. Pulendran.Gallup hopes scientists, doctors and politicians will use the results of this poll to help guide their messaging to the general public so that most people will be encouraged to get a COVID-19 vaccine when it becomes available. 3155

Markus Paul, who was the Dallas Cowboys' strength and conditioning coordinator, has died, the team announced Wednesday. He was 54.The team did not announce Paul's cause of death."The loss of a family member is a tragedy, and Markus Paul was a loved and valued member of our family," Cowboys Owner Jerry Jones said in a press release. "He was a pleasant and calming influence in our strength room and throughout The Star. His passion for his work and his enthusiasm for life earns him great respect and admiration from all of our players and the entire organization. We offer our love and support to his family in this very difficult time. Our hearts are broken for his family and all of the individuals whose lives he touched and made better."On Tuesday, the team had canceled practice after Paul experienced a medical emergency at its facility and was rushed to the hospital, the Associated Press reported."We extend our love, strength, and support to Markus' family during this most challenging of times and ask that their privacy be respected moving forward," head coach Mike McCarthy said in a statement. "Markus Paul was a leader in this building. He earned the players' respect and attention because he cared so much and was a naturally gifted communicator – both on the personal and professional levels. He handled every situation, sometimes with a smile and a pat on the back, and sometimes with tough love. He had innate toughness in a job that requires that quality, and he was admired throughout the NFL by his peers and the players he coached. It was a privilege to work with him as a coach and laugh with him as a friend. Markus did everything the right way."McCarthy named Paul the team's strength coach in January.Drafted out of Syracuse, the former safety played from 1989 to 1993 for the Chicago Bears and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, according to the AP.According to ESPN, Paul won five Super Bowl championships as a coach, three with the New England Patriots and two with the New York Giants.Dallas is still scheduled to play Washington on Thanksgiving. 2077

MEXICO CITY (AP) -- Mexico's top coronavirus official says definitive data on the death toll from COVID-19 won't be available for "a couple of years."The statement Sunday by Assistant Health Secretary Hugo López-Gatell is likely to revive debate about Mexico's death toll, currently at 76,430, the fourth-highest in the world.Officials acknowledge the figure is an undercount, because Mexico does very little testing. But the federal government has avoided adjusting its death toll upward to account for people who died at home or weren't tested.Some parts of the country like Mexico City have found "excess deaths" likely caused by coronavirus were at least double official figures. 691

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