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WASHINGTON, Oct. 3 (Xinhua) -- Researchers at St. Michael's Hospital in Canada have discovered a new function for an enzyme that may protect against organ injury and death from anemia, according to a study appearing Monday in the U.S. journal of the Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences.Researchers found that when people have anemia, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) -- an enzyme in nerve cells that produces nitric oxide, an important signaling molecule in the body -- increases the body's ability to respond, adapt to low oxygen levels and makes the body more efficient in delivering oxygen to tissues. They also found that levels of nNOS in the brain increased in anemic mice, and that the mice without this enzyme die earlier, and with higher hemoglobin levels."Identifying this mechanism may lead to new therapies and approaches to improving outcomes for anemic patients," said Dr. Greg Hare, a researcher at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of the hospital and one of the lead investigators of the study.Anemia occurs when blood has a lower than normal number of red blood cells or hemoglobin -- an iron-rich protein that carries oxygen from the lungs and heart to the rest of the body. Cells need oxygen to survive and to produce energy for all bodily functions. The condition has many different causes including infection (malaria, HIV, parasites), nutritional deficiencies (iron, folate, B12), genetic mutations, pregnancy, trauma and surgical blood loss."This research will help us identify when an anemic patient is at greatest risk for injury and death when undergoing surgery," said Hare. "Research is underway to test these findings in humans."

BEIJING, Jan. 6 (Xinhua) -- China will bring its nurse population to 2.86 million by 2015, meaning there will be 2.07 nurses for every 1,000 people, according to a blueprint on nursing issued Friday by the Ministry of Health (MOH).By the end of 2010, China has registered 2.05 million nurses and there were 1.52 nurses for every 1, 000 Chinese.Even by 2015, the ratio of registered nurses for 1,000 people in China is five times fewer than countries in the European Union and the United States by current standards.By 2015, the ratio of licensed doctors to nurses will climb from 1:1 to 1:1.2, according to the blueprint.China also plans to provide more training for head nurses in large hospitals and make nursing services accessible to households and communities, according to the blueprint.The five-year nursing development plan said the government will further standardize its nurse management system and deepen health care reform in public hospitals over the next few years.The total number of registered nurses reached 2.05 million in 2010, marking a 52 percent jump from 2005, according to the blueprint.

BEIJING, Jan. 21 (Xinhua) -- As the Chinese Spring Festival travel rush enters its peak period, more work staff and transport resources have been deployed to ensure safe and convenient transport during the world's largest annual human migration.At 8 a.m. on Jan. 20, two days ahead of the Chinese New Year, Dong Leihong, duty officer at the road network center with the Ministry of Transport (MOT), sat before a huge monitoring screen that displayed real-time highway transport conditions nationwide."Good news! The fog has almost all lifted. Only some local lines in Shanxi province have been blocked by snow. Road transport in the country's other regions is normal," Dong said.The screen showed that some work staff at local toll stations in Shanxi were clearing away the snow, while vehicles were running smoothly despite rain on a section of the Shanghai-Kunming Highway located in eastern Jiangxi province.About 840,000 passenger cars were put into service to meet the day's road travel demand, MOT Spokesman He Jianzhong said at the center. An estimated 82.9 million passenger trips by bus were recorded that day, an increase of 10.8 percent from a year earlier.Passenger trips are expected to rise 9.1 percent year-on-year to hit 3.16 billion during this year's festival travel period, prompting the country's transport system to mobilize more resources.Moreover, the railway, aviation and public security sectors have also adopted multiple measures to embrace the heat of the ongoing 40-day travel rush that started on Jan. 8.At Beijing Railway Station's control center, where the exact information of the location and speed of an operating train as well as train failures is available, more than 80 dispatchers were hired to coordinate the operations of passenger and cargo trains running in north China.Meanwhile, large numbers of police, railway workers and volunteers worked in the whipping winter wind to help with boarding at Beijing West Railway Station.The country required all train ticket buyers to register with their names and have their ID cards checked prior to boarding, a real-name system introduced to stem ticket scalping that has plagued the Spring Festival travel rush for years.Counters dealing with domestic flights also extended service hours at the Beijing Capital International Airport, and more staff members were on site to help with security checks, said Li Guanghui, the airport's general manager.The airport saw about 140,000 departure passengers on Jan. 20, an increase of 29 percent from a year earlier, according to Li.To help road travellers deal with emergencies, the Ministry of Public Security established 8,300 service stations nationwide to provide car repair, medical care, rest and guidance services.Some local transport departments also prepared drinking water, food, and cotton clothes to ensure supplies in case of traffic jams on highways.The local traffic police department in Zhaoqing, a city in southern China's Guangdong province, set up 17 rest stops for long-distance motorcyclists at several national highways that pass through the city.The move aims to provide food and other emergency services for the 20,000 people that travel by motorcycle on these highways each day during the festival travel rush.The Spring Festival, or "Chunjie" in Chinese, is a time for family reunions. It is the country's most important festival.

WASHINGTON, Oct. 18 (Xinhua) -- Heart failure (HF) hospitalizations dropped 29.5 percent nationally over the past decade, according to a study by Yale physicians to be published Wednesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association.The risk-adjusted rate of heart failure hospitalization fell from 2,845 to 2,007 per 100,000 person-years from 1998 to 2008 in a fee-for-service Medicare claims analysis by Dr. Jersey Chen of Yale University and colleagues.The team also found that the rate of hospitalization for black men dropped at a lower rate, and that one-year mortality rates declined slightly during that period, but remained high.HF imposes one of the highest disease burdens of any medical condition in the United States and the risk increases with age. As a result, HF ranks as the most frequent cause of hospitalization and re-hospitalization among senior Americans. HF is also one of the most resource-intensive conditions, with direct and indirect costs in the United States estimated at 39.2 billion U.S. dollars in 2010.The study showed that the HF hospitalization rates varied significantly from state to state. The decline in the hospitalization rate from 1998 to 2008 was significantly higher than the national average in 16 states and significantly lower in three states (Wyoming, Rhode Island and Connecticut).Chen and his team also found that risk-adjusted one-year mortality decreased from 31.7 percent to 29.6 percent between 1999 and 2008, a relative decline of 6.6 percent, with substantial variation in different states."Because of the substantial decline in HF hospitalizations, compared to the rate of 1998, there were an estimated 229,000 fewer HF hospitalizations in 2008," said Chen in a statement, adding that with a mean HF hospitalization cost of 18,000 dollars in 2008, this decline represents a savings of 4.1 billion dollars in fee-for-service Medicare."The overall decline in the heart failure hospitalization rate was mainly due to fewer individual patients being hospitalized with heart failure rather than a reduction in the frequency of repeat hospitalizations," said Chen.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 29 (Xinhua) -- China and the United States on Tuesday held high-level talks on enhancing cooperation on anti- monopoly and anti-trust enforcement, with an aim to strengthen the bilateral economic and trade relations.This was the first time that the two sides held such meeting since they signed in last July a memorandum of understanding (MOU) on anti-monopoly and anti-trust enforcement cooperation by related enforcement agencies from the two countries.Gao Hucheng, China's International Trade Representative and Vice Minister of the Ministry of Commerce, led the Chinese delegation to the talks with the U.S. delegation headed by Jon Leibowitz, chairman of the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, and Sharis Pozen, acting Assistant Attorney General of the Department of Justice in charge of anti-trust affairs.The two sides briefed each other on the latest developments on the anti-monopoly and anti-trust policies and their enforcement in own country, while discussing ways to further strengthen anti- monopoly and anti-trust enforcement in related industries, during a time of economic downturn.They also reached an agreement on the guidelines of cooperation on pursuing anti-monopoly and anti-trust enforcement in individual cases, such as mergers of corporations, after reviewing the bilateral exchanges and cooperation in this field.It was agreed that the China-U.S. economic and trade relations are the cornerstone of the overall bilateral relationship, and the enforcement of anti-monopoly and anti-trust laws can help secure the smooth development of their economies, to the benefits of both countries and peoples.Such talks are conducive to enhancing mutual understanding of each other's practices in formulating and enforcing anti-monopoly and anti-trust policies, through sharing experiences and increased cooperation, the two sides agreed.In July, three Chinese anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies, the National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Commerce and State Administration for Industry and Commerce, signed the MOU on cooperation in anti-monopoly and anti-trust enforcement, with the U.S. Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission.The document is a long-term framework between China's anti- monopoly enforcement agencies and their U.S. counterparts, designed to promote better enforcement of competition laws and regulations of the two countries. Under the MOU, the two sides will hold high-level consultations, exchange of information on law enforcement and policies, as well as cooperation on specific cases, mainly for mergers.

来源：资阳报