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WASHINGTON, Dec. 5 (Xinhua) -- A recent study found that low vitamin D levels are significantly more prevalent in obese children and are associated with risk factors for type 2 diabetes. This study was accepted for publication in The Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.High rates of vitamin D deficiency have been found in obese populations and past studies have linked low vitamin D levels to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. But the mechanisms by which obesity and its comorbidities are related to vitamin D deficiency are not fully known.This new study examined associations between vitamin D levels and dietary habits in obese children, and tested whether there were correlations between vitamin D levels and markers of abnormal glucose metabolism and blood pressure.In this study, researchers measured vitamin D levels, blood sugar levels, serum insulin, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure in 411 obese subjects and 87 control non-overweight subjects. Study participants were also asked to provide dietary information including daily intake of soda, juice and milk, average daily fruit and vegetable intake, and whether or not they routinely skipped breakfast. BMI is a measurement of body fat calculated from weight and height."Our study found that obese children with lower vitamin D levels had higher degrees of insulin resistance," said Micah Olson, of The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas and lead author of the study. "Although our study cannot prove causation, it does suggest that low vitamin D levels may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes.""Poor dietary habits such as skipping breakfast and increased soda and juice intake were associated with the lower vitamin D levels seen in obese children," said Olson. "Future studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of lower vitamin D levels in obese children ... and whether treatment with vitamin D can improve primary clinical endpoints such as insulin resistance. "

BEIJING, Nov. 22 (Xinhuanet) -- Global AIDS deaths and new HIV infections have each dropped 21 percent since the peak of the AIDS pandemic in 1997, according to a UN report released Monday.One major factor responsible for the result is that life-saving HIV treatments have become more popular and got to 1.35 million more people in 2010 than in 2009.In middle-income and underdeveloped nations, these treatments have saved 2.5 million lives since 1995."We have seen a massive scale-up in access to HIV treatment, which has had a dramatic effect on the lives of people everywhere," said Michel Sidibe, executive director of the U.N. AIDS program.However, 53 percent of people who need HIV/AIDS treatments -- about 7.6 million people -- cannot get them, which accounted for 1.8 million AIDS deaths in 2010.There are now 34 million people living with HIV. And just in last year there were 2.7 million new infections.The decline in deaths and new infections means the AIDS pandemic is at a turning point, the UNAIDS report argues, adding smart investment can save millions of future deaths.

BEIJING, Sept. 30 (Xinhuanet) -- China's space dream took a step closer to reality as the Tiangong-1 module blasted off into the night sky on Thursday from the Gobi Desert.The Long March II-F T1 rocket, under the unmanned module, Tiangong-1, lifted off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center at 9:16 pm as planned.Ten minutes later Tiangong-1 separated from the rocket on its way to orbit, 350 kilometers above Earth. The module deployed its two solar panels, which provide power, at 9:28 pm.At 9:39 pm, Chang Wanquan, chief commander of the manned space program, declared the launch a success as cheers and applause echoed around the command and control center in Beijing.President Hu Jintao and other members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee went to the center to witness the launch.Premier Wen Jiabao watched at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center as the Long March rocket, carrying the space lab, blazed into the night sky.The launch paves the way for China's first rendezvous and docking mission. An unmanned Shenzhou VIII spaceship will be launched in November to dock with Tiangong-1.Two more missions are scheduled for next year and astronauts will board Tiangong-1, which can also function as a space lab.If the mission succeeds, China will become the third country to master spacecraft rendezvous and docking technology following the then Soviet Union and the United States, experts said.Wu Ping, the space program's spokeswoman, said that the ability to rendezvous and dock is vital for building a space station, which China has scheduled for around 2020."A space station cannot be launched in one shot. The modules must be launched separately and then assembled in space," she said.China has invested 35 billion yuan (.47 billion) in total on its manned space program since 1992, when it was approved, she told China Daily.The first phase, from 1992 to 2005, accounted for 20 billion yuan. During this period, China launched six Shenzhou spaceships to set up a system transporting astronauts between Earth and space.In the second phase, from 2005, 15 billion yuan has been spent on projects, including Shenzhou VII and the first rendezvous and docking mission, she explained.Zhou Jianping, chief designer of China's manned space program, said that the space lab and future space station provide a rare platform for conducting experiments that could lead to breakthroughs in the study of materials and biological pharmacy."Experiments made in the microgravity of space can lead to unexpected results," he said.For example, gas and liquid are unable to mix on Earth, but in space they mix naturally, he said."The primary purpose of China's manned space station is to peacefully explore space, and through it, serve mankind," he said.Some have questioned the participation of the military in the program. However, the military has experience in coordinating large-scale requirements that are vital for the program and their involvement reflects international norms, Ministry of National Defense spokesman Geng Yansheng said on Wednesday.He reiterated that China is firmly opposed to the weaponization of space and the program is peaceful.China is now in the second phase of its manned space program. The goal of the program, which has three steps, is to build a 60-ton space station around 2020.The second phase focuses on mastering four key technologies for assembling a space station.The first of these, extravehicular activity, was completed successfully in 2008 after Shenzhou VII was launched.Rendezvous and docking is what is being experimented with. The third technology involves cargo spaceships ferrying supplies to a space lab. The fourth tackles problems concerning the prolonged sustaining of life on a space lab, especially recycling air and water.Besides the manned space program, China launched two lunar orbiters in 2007 and 2010. It plans an unmanned lunar landing around 2013, and returning moon samples in 2017.

BEIJING, Dec. 30 (Xinhua) -- Chinese State Councilor Dai Bingguo and U.S. National Security Advisor Tom Donilon held a telephone conversation on China-U.S. relations on Friday.The two senior officials reviewed recent developments in China-U.S. relations and agreed to carry out in 2012 the important consensus reached between the heads of state of the two countries.They also pledged to strengthen dialogue, mutual trust and cooperation, properly handle disputes, and promote a healthy and steady development of China-U.S. relations.Dai and Donilon also exchanged views on other issues of common concern.

HAIKOU, Dec. 16 (Xinhua) -- China will actively push forward maritime cooperation with the 10 members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in light of the guidelines on conduct in the South China Sea, a Foreign Ministry official has said.Assistant Foreign Minister Liu Zhenmin made the remarks during an international seminar on implementing the Declaration on Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC) and maintaining the navigational freedom and security of the waterway.Early next year, China will hold a senior officials' meeting and working group meeting with ASEAN countries on the implementation of the 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC), Liu said in an interview with Xinhua on the sideliens of the seminar held in Haikou, Hainan Province, from Dec. 14-15..The senior officials' meeting is a guiding mechanism for implementing the DOC at governmental level. Under it, China will hold a series of seminars and carry out a set of cooperative projects, so as to further advance cooperation with ASEAN nations, he said.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao proposed to establish a three-billion-yuan China-ASEAN maritime cooperation fund at the 14th China-ASEAN summit and the Commemorative Summit to Celebrate the 20th Anniversary of China-ASEAN Relations in November.China hopes the fund will contribute to the implementation of the DOC and further enhance cooperation with ASEAN nations, said Liu.The State Oceanic Administration held a South China Sea oceanography seminar in Qingdao on Dec. 12, he said, adding China will hold a series of seminars on topics ranging from marine research, search and rescue, environmental protection, navigation safety and combating maritime crimes.Liu said the maintenance of maritime security as well as navigation safety and freedom is very important to East Asian countries, for the economic development of East Asia is largely export-oriented.As an important pathway for foreign trade for China, Japan, the Republic of Korea and the ASEAN nations, security on the South China Sea is critical for these countries' economic development, he said.Stressing that navigation freedom and security on the sea should be guaranteed, he said China will continue to strengthen cooperation with countries surrounding the South China Sea to protect against threats.The DOC was signed by China and the ASEAN countries in November 2002 as a code of conduct for all parties involved in diplomatic issues in the South China Sea.It is a political document aimed at safeguarding peace, stability and prosperity in the South China Sea, advancing pragmatic cooperation and creating favorable conditions for the interested countries to ultimately settle their disputes by peaceful negotiation.

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