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BEIJING, Feb. 18 (Xinhua) -- China needs to reform funding methods for scientific and technological research in order to boost the nation's innovation capabilities, said officials and researchers attending a conference in Beijing Friday.The management of the government-funded research projects should also be reformed, State Councilor Liu Yandong said at the national conference on science and technology work.Liu stressed that reform, innovation and cooperation should be the keys for China's science and technology work over the next five years, when the government would increase funding for research in new strategic industries, such as new energy, biomedicine and high-end manufacturing.Last year, central and local government spending on science and technology development totaled 380 billion yuan (57.8 billion U.S. dollars), Science and Technology Minister Wan Gang said at the conference.Over the past five years, central government spending on science and technology development had grown by around 20 percent annually.However, some researchers have complained problems in the funding system actually hinder innovation and progress.Inflexibility in the management of government funds allowed researchers little freedom to adapt projects to developments in their fields, said Li Zhenzhen, a researcher at the Institute of Policy and Management under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).Chen Jie, a research fellow of the CAS' Institute of Microelectronics, said some authorities which oversee the spending of research funds had been rather rigid."In some cases, they are more interested in spending most of the funds on new equipment than scientists," Chen said in an earlier interview with Xinhua. "Without decent pay, it is difficult to attract top scientists to work in China.""Having to solicit and lobby for funding to support the team's research projects leaves me no more than five hours a day for real research," Chen said.Top-level scientific brains are the key to the innovative capability of China, he added.A researcher attending Friday's conference echoed Chen's opinion."China manufactures 65 percent of the world's computers. But to my knowledge, we are still spending about 150 billion U.S. dollars annually to buy computer chips from overseas," the researcher told Xinhua on condition of anonymity.Wan Gang also said imported computer chips cost China more than crude oil purchases last year.But Wan believed that with breakthroughs in frontier areas such as cloning, manned space flight, moon exploration and supercomputers, China could expect a leap in science and technology development in the near future.In October last year, China successfully launched its second lunar probe, Chang'e-2.A month later, Chinese supercomputer Tianhe-1A, which can perform 2.57 quadrillion computing operations a second, was ranked the world's fastest in the TOP500 list compiled by U.S. and European researchers.

BEIJING, March 15 (Xinhuanet) --After one-year effort of developing, Microsoft is going to release its newest web browser Internet Explorer 9 at 9:00 p.m. Pacific time on Monday, according to media reports.The IE 9 will be the first major Web browser to include a do-not-track tool that helps people keep their online habits from being monitored, which makes Google Inc. and Apple Inc. the only big providers of browsers that haven't yet declared their support for a do-no-track system in their products.IE 9 can work on computers running Windows Vista and Windows 7 operating systems, but not compatible with Windows XP.This final release-to-Web version of IE 9 represents the ninth release since the first platform preview of the browser appeared at the MIX 10 Web developer event, said Ryan Gavin, the senior director of Internet Explorer business and marketing. Gavin pointed out that the browser has already made its mark in Microsoft's download history."We're seeing now upwards of two percent share already on Windows 7 for IE 9, even in beta stage. It was the fastest adopted beta ever in Microsoft's history," he said.IE 9 is being launched as part of the South by Southwest event currently taking place in Austin, Texas.

MOSCOW, May 13 (Xinhua) -- The main and backup crews that will fly to the International Space Station in June have passed preflight tests and are ready for space travel, the Russian Cosmonauts Training Center said Friday.The main crew includes Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov, Japanese astronaut Satoshi Furukawa and American astronaut Michael Fossuma.A Russian spaceship Soyuz TMA-02M will send the crew to the space station on June 8, Interfax news agency reported.The backup crew includes members from Russia, the Netherlands and the United States.The crews were tested on the various emergency situations they could face during the flight.Next Monday, the commission will make a final choice of crewmembers for the launch.The crew will spend 161 days in orbit and conduct three space walks.

VIENNA, March 18 (Xinhua) -- The 26th Annual Congress of the European Association of Urology (2011 EAU congress) kicked off on Friday at the Vienna Austria Center in the Austrian capital Vienna.About 14,000 doctors, experts, scholars and representatives of pharmaceutical enterprises in the field of urology from more than 80 countries took part in the event, which will last till Tuesday.The EAU congress is Europe's largest fair in the field of urology. This is the third time for Vienna to host the event.The EAU congress aims to review technical innovation and technological progress in the field of urology and related subspecialties, discuss new theories, new technologies and new diagnostic methods of urological clinical trials, optimize the risk management of urological disease, and enhance doctors' practical knowledge and skills by educational activities.It also provides an important platform for related pharmaceutical, medical equipments and medical consumables manufacturers to present their latest products and technologies, and creates the opportunity of face-to-face communication between suppliers and consumers.The highlights of this year's EAU congress include the discussion of state-of-the-art kidney imaging and the application of ultrasound, computerized tomography (CT-scan) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Participants are also expected to give a timely overview on the role of imaging, focal therapy and kidney biopsy in the management and follow-up of small renal masses, as well as the use of imaging in the management of urinary incontinence and other pelvic urinary pathologies.Congress organizers said that more than 200 presentations and seminars are scheduled during the five-day meeting, with an estimated 400 speakers unveiling their latest findings.

LOS ANGELES, May 12 (Xinhua) -- A subsurface ocean of molten or partially molten magma exists beneath the surface of Jupiter's volcanic moon Io, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said on Thursday."The finding heralds the first direct confirmation of this kind of magma layer at Io and explains why the moon is the most volcanic object known in the solar system," JPL said in a press release posted on its website.The finding was based on new data analysis from NASA's Galileo spacecraft, said JPL.The research was conducted by scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles; the University of California, Santa Cruz;, and the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. The study is published this week in the journal Science, JPL said."Scientists are excited we finally understand where Io's magma is coming from and have an explanation for some of the mysterious signatures we saw in some of the Galileo's magnetic field data," said Krishan Khurana, lead author of the study and former co- investigator on Galileo's magnetometer team at UCLA."It turns out Io was continually giving off a 'sounding signal' in Jupiter's rotating magnetic field that matched what would be expected from molten or partially molten rocks deep beneath the surface."Io produces about 100 times more lava each year than all the volcanoes on Earth, according to data released by JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.While Earth's volcanoes occur in localized hotspots like the "Ring of Fire" around the Pacific Ocean, Io's volcanoes are distributed all over its surface, JPL said, adding that a global magma ocean about 30 to 50 km beneath Io's crust helps explain the moon's activity."It has been suggested that both the Earth and its moon may have had similar magma oceans billions of years ago at the time of their formation, but they have long since cooled," said Torrence Johnson, a former Galileo project scientist based at JPL, an affiliation with NASA."Io's volcanism informs us how volcanoes work and provides a window in time to styles of volcanic activity that may have occurred on the Earth and moon during their earliest history," said Johnson, who was not directly involved in the study.NASA's Voyager spacecraft discovered Io's volcanoes in 1979, making that moon the only body in the solar system other than Earth known to have active magma volcanoes. The energy for the volcanic activity comes from the squeezing and stretching of the moon by Jupiter's gravity as Io orbits the largest planet in the solar system.Galileo was launched in 1989 and began orbiting Jupiter in 1995. Unexplained signatures appeared in magnetic field data from Galileo flybys of Io in October 1999 and February 2000. After a successful mission, the spacecraft was intentionally sent into Jupiter's atmosphere in 2003.