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SAN FRANCISCO, July 28 (Xinhua) -- Global marketing and advertising research company Nielson on Thursday said in its latest survey that Google's Android operating system (OS) continued to dominate the U.S. smartphone market in June.According to Nielson's June survey of mobile consumers, the Android OS claims the largest share of the U.S. consumer smartphone market with 39 percent. Apple's iOS is in second place with 28 percent while RIM Blackberry is down to 20 percent.Microsoft's Windows Phone 7 OS had a 9 percent share of the market while HP webOS (Palm) accounted for 2 percent as did Nokia' s Symbian.In Nielson's May survey, 38 percent of smartphone consumers had a device powered by Android, compared to 27 percent for Apple's iOS for iPhones and 21 percent for RIM Blackberry.Talking about the manufacturer share, Apple is the No.1 in the U.S. as it is the only company manufacturing smartphones with the iOS, said the report.Other leading manufacturers include HTC, whose Android phones represents 14 percent of the smartphone market and whose Windows Mobile/WP7 devices accounted for 6 percent of the market.Motorola's Android devices are owned by 11 percent of smartphone consumers. Samsung's Android devices are used by 8 percent of smartphone consumers and its Windows Phone 7 devices take a 2 percent share, said Nielson.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 18 (Xinhua) -- Using integrated radar observations from a consortium of international satellites, NASA-funded researchers have created the first complete map of the speed and direction of ice flow in Antarctica, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced Thursday.The map, which shows glaciers flowing thousands of miles from the continent's deep interior to its coast, will be critical for tracking future sea-level increases from climate change."This is like seeing a map of all the oceans' currents for the first time. It's a game changer for glaciology," said Eric Rignot of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the University of California (UC), Irvine. Rignot is lead author of a paper about the ice flow published online Thursday in Science Express. "We are seeing amazing flows from the heart of the continent that had never been described before."Rignot and UC Irvine scientists used billions of data points captured by European, Japanese and Canadian satellites to weed out cloud cover, solar glare and land features masking the glaciers. With the aid of NASA technology, the team painstakingly pieced together the shape and velocity of glacial formations, including the previously uncharted East Antarctica, which comprises 77 percent of the continent.Like viewing a completed jigsaw puzzle, the scientists were surprised when they stood back and took in the full picture. They discovered a new ridge splitting the 5.4-million-square-mile landmass from east to west.The team also found unnamed formations moving up to 800 feet annually across immense plains sloping toward the Antarctic Ocean and in a different manner than past models of ice migration."The map points out something fundamentally new: that ice moves by slipping along the ground it rests on," said Thomas Wagner, NASA's cryospheric program scientist in Washington. "That's critical knowledge for predicting future sea level rise. It means that if we lose ice at the coasts from the warming ocean, we open the tap to massive amounts of ice in the interior."

ROME, Sept. 27 (Xinhua) -- The 30th general assembly of the International Council for Science (ICSU) kicked off here on Tuesday to address key global challenges, featuring over 275 scientists and experts from all over the world.The goal of the four-day event, hosted for the first time in Rome by the National Research Center (CNR) as Italy's scientific member at ICSU, is to discuss how science can contribute to boosting sustainable development, fighting climate change, increasing well-being and health in the changing urban environment and tackling the side-effects of progress.At the official opening ceremony, CNR president Francesco Profumo stressed that scientific research was the key to solving all current crises."It's during times of crises that inventions, great strategies and discoveries are made," he said quoting Albert Einstein."Global cooperation is crucial in addressing society's needs. In the wake of the negative economic outlook we are witnessing research and technological transfer can turn into efficient instruments to guide countries towards a solid development giving us the tools to tackle with lucidity the great obstacles we face," observed Profumo.Appealing to both private and public institutions, Profumo thus urged to boost strategic partnerships between universities, governments and research centres."We must create a network of knowledge-sharing together with enterprises in order to multiply and better implement growth and well-being opportunities. But in order to do so concrete political decisions must be undertaken and financial resources are needed," he added.

LOS ANGELES, June 7 (Xinhua) -- Salmonella, not E. coli, poses the greatest health threat to Americans, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced on Tuesday.Salmonella infections have risen 10 percent over the past 15 years, while several types of foodborne illness have been falling, the agency said in a report.Infections from Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157 (the strain of most concern in the United States) have dropped almost in half and the rates of six other foodborne infections have been cut 23 percent, the CDC said.The agency issued the report as a deadly new strain of E.coli is spreading in several European countries."There are about 50 million people each year who become sick from food in the U.S.. That's about one in six Americans," CDC director Dr. Thomas R. Frieden said.The CDC attributed the reduction in infections from E. coli O157 to better detection and investigation of outbreaks, cleaner slaughterhouse methods, better testing of ground beef for E. coli, improved inspections of ground beef processing plants, regulations prohibiting E. coli O157 in ground beef and increased awareness of the importance of properly cooking beef.Other foodborne illnesses that fell in incidence over the same time period include those caused by the campylobacter, listeria, vibrio and yersinia pathogens.To reduce their risk of foodborne illness, people should assume that raw chicken and other meat have bacteria that can make you sick, the CDC said.In the kitchen, raw meats should not allow to contaminate counter tops or cutting boards and should be kept away from other foods, such as fruits and vegetables, the CDC advised.The agency also called on people to thoroughly cook meat, poultry, eggs and shellfish, while refraining from consuming unpasteurized milk, juice or soft cheese.

LOS ANGELES, July 18 (Xinhua) -- U.S. scientists have proven that oncogenes can change normal cells into stem-like cells, paving the way to a safer and more practical approach to treating diseases like multiple sclerosis and cancer with stem cell therapy.In a collaborative study, researchers from the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (USC), and the Children's Hospital of Orange County (CHOC) in California and Good Samaritan Hospital Medical Center in New York have successfully converted human skin cells into brain cells by suppressing the expression of p53, a protein encoded by a widely studied oncogene. This suggests that p53 mutation helps determine cell fate -- good or bad -- rather than only the outcome of cancer.Oncogenes are generally thought to be genes that, when mutated, change healthy cells into cancerous tumor cells.Study findings were appearing Monday on the website of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)."The reality may be more complicated than people think," said Jiang F. Zhong, Ph.D., assistant professor of pathology at the Keck School. "What is a stem cell gene? What is a cancer gene? It may be the same thing.""When you turn off p53, people think the cell becomes cancerous because we tend to focus on the bad thing," Zhong said. "Actually, the cell becomes more plastic and could do good things, too. Let's say the cell is like a person who loses his job (the restriction of p53). He could become a criminal or he could find another job and have a positive effect on society. What pushes him one way or the other, we don't know because the environment is very complicated."Stem cells can divide and differentiate into different types of cells in the body. In humans, embryonic stem cells differentiate into three families, or germ layers, of cells. The reasons why and how certain stem cells differentiate into particular layers are not clearly understood. However, from those layers, tissues and organs develop. The endoderm, for example, leads to formation of the stomach, colon and lungs, while the mesoderm forms blood, bone and heart tissue. In its study, Zhong's team examined human skin cells, which are related to brain and neural cells from the ectoderm.When p53 was suppressed, the skin cells developed into cells that looked exactly like human embryonic stem cells. But, unlike other man-made stem cells that are "pluripotent" and can become any other cells in the body, these cells differentiated only into cells from the same germ layer, ectoderm."IPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells) can turn into anything, so they are hard to control," Zhong said. "Our cells are staying within the ectoderm lineage."Zhong said he expects that suppressing other oncogenes in other families of cells would have the same effect, which could have critical significance for stem cell therapy. Future research should focus on determining which genes to manipulate, Zhong said.The study is slated to appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences later this month, according to AAAS.