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SAN FRANCISCO, April 28 (Xinhua) -- Cisco Systems Inc., world's largest maker of computer-networking equipment, on Thursday brought up an early retirement offer to its employees in the United States and Canada, in a move to cut costs and restructure the company.The voluntary plan applies to employees who are at least 50 years old and have a combined age and years of service at Cisco for at least 60 as of July 8, the company said in a memo sent to employees."Cisco employs a variety of different methods to control costs and align investment dollars, and offering this voluntary early retirement program to those eligible employees in the U.S. and Canada is part of our ongoing commitment to responsible business management," the company said in a statement.Cisco gave no details on the costs it would save and the number of employees eligible for the plan.Earlier this month, Cisco CEO John Chambers warned that "tough decisions" would be made to preserve profitability as government budget pressure has been costing the company orders and slowing its sales growth.On April 12, Cisco announced to shut down its Flip Video camcorder business to restructure its business and support its key priorities.

GENEVA, May 3 (Xinhua) -- Roughly half to three quarters of adults aged between 18 to 65 years have had headache in the last year, a prevalent problem that went under-treated, the Geneva based World Health Organization (WHO) said in a report issued Tuesday.The report, named "Of Headache Disorders and Resources in the World 2011," regarded headache disorders as one of the most prevalent disorders of mankind.WHO estimated over 10 percent of the adult population suffered from migraine, and 1.7 to 4 percent of them were troubled frequently by headache on 15 or more days every month.Among all cases studied, the report said, on average only 10 percent were treated by neurologists, and the rates were even lower in Africa and South-East Asia.Three types of headache disorders were underlined as the most frequently seen, including migraine, tension-type headache and that caused by medication-overuse.The report concluded that given the very high indirect costs of headache, investment in health care related to headache treatment might be overall cost-saving to society.

SUVA, March 14 (Xinhua) -- Some 300 diabetes patients undergo amputations every year in Fiji and the trend is worrying the authorities.This is according to research carried out by the country's Physiotherapy Associations which shows that majority of these amputations occur in the 40 to 60 age group, physiotherapist Lusia Tikolevu told radio FijiVillage website on Monday.Tikolevu said that they are trying to formulate a protocol for physicist to better understand diabetes in Fiji.A visit to the Colonial War Memorial Hospital in Fiji's capital city of Suva by Xinhua reporter reveals the increasing number of bed ridden patients affected by diabetes in wards.Tikolevu said that diabetes is a prevalent disease and needs the involvement of the whole community for a successful preventative measures.Shocking figures show four out of every 10 people in Fiji have diabetes, putting it amongst the highest in the world.The Fred Hollows Foundation in New Zealand that completed the first survey of its kind in Fiji also showed the diabetic rate in the island nation is four times more than in New Zealand.The survey across 34 communities in Fiji found 40 percent of the people have diabetes."When we found out that 40 percent of the population had diabetes the scope and the depth of the problem just hit us. The impact in terms of costs family aspects, economic issues its just going to be staggering," says Doctor Tom Schaefer from the New Zealand foundation.The survey results also showed a third of those with diabetes did not know they had the disease and women were almost twice as likely as men to have it.The magnitude of the problem is worrying for a health system which has committed staff but little resources."The cost of medication alone is going to outstrip the ability of any health system to do it," says Schaefer.The existence of the sugar cane industry in the island nation may be a contributing factor to the high level of diabetics.

WASHINGTON, April 6 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have discovered two genes in which variation affects intake of caffeine, the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, according to a report described Wednesday in the open-access journal PLoS Genetics.A team of investigators from the National Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill examined genetic variation across the entire genome of more than 47,000 individuals from the U.S.They found the genes -- CYP1A2, which has previously been implicated in the metabolism of caffeine, and AHR, involved in the regulation of CYP1A2, played roles in regulating intake of caffeine. Individuals with the highest-consumption genotype for either gene consumed 40 mg more caffeine than those with the lowest-consumption genotype, equivalent to the amount of one-third cup of caffeinated coffee, or one can of cola.Caffeine is implicated in numerous physiological and medical conditions; it affects sleep patterns, energy levels, mood, and mental and physical performance. The identification of genes that have an impact on daily consumption offers opportunities to better understand these conditions. Further exploration of the identified genetic variants may provide insight into the speed of caffeine metabolism, how long caffeine circulates in the blood, or how strong the physiological effects of consuming a given amount of caffeine are.

WASHINGTON, April 25 (Xinhua) -- A class of drugs that shows promise in breast and ovarian cancers with BRCA gene mutations could potentially benefit colorectal cancer patients with a different genetic mutation, a new study from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center finds.Working in cell lines from colorectal cancer patients, researchers found that the class of drugs called PARP inhibitors worked against tumors with mutations in the MRE11 gene.About 15 percent of all colorectal cancers have what's called microsatellite instability, a type of error in the DNA. About 82 percent of those tumors have the MRE11 gene mutation."This is a potential broader application for PARP inhibitors, beyond breast and ovarian cancer. This is a class of drug that's already shown safety in early clinical trials and now might benefit some colorectal cancer patients as well," says lead study author Eduardo Vilar-Sanchez, a hematology/oncology fellow at the university, in a statement.The study, which was published Monday in Cancer Research, also found that PARP inhibitors are even more effective when both copies of MRE11 were mutated. Each person carries two copies of each gene, which means mutations can occur in either one or both copies. The researchers suggest that PARP inhibitors could be targeted specifically to colorectal cancer patients who have two copies of the mutated gene.Researchers are planning a phase I clinical trial to look at using PARP inhibitors in colorectal cancer patients with two mutated copies of MRE11. Future trials are being considered using PARP inhibitors to prevent colorectal cancer and other cancers in people with Lynch syndrome whose tumors have this mutation.Microsatellite instability is also seen in prostate cancer and endometrial cancer, suggesting potential for PARP inhibitors to play a role in additional types of cancer as well, Vilar-Sanchez says, adding that more research is needed in these areas.