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With hurricane season in full swing, there's a lot of talk from meteorologists about hurricane "categories." What do they mean, and what do they tell us about a storm?It turns out, a hurricane's category is only based on one thing: wind speed.According to the National Hurricane Center's website, the agency relies on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale to determine a storm's strength. The scale categorizes a hurricane on a 1-5 scale, based on the storm's maximum sustained winds — the one-minute average of the wind speed taken from inside the storm.When storms over the Atlantic begin to organized into a rotating system around a central "eye," and sustained wind speeds in the storm reach 39 mph, it's classified as a tropical storm. Once wind speeds in the system reach 74 mph, it becomes a hurricane.From there, the NHC uses the Saffir-Simpson Scale to determine how much destruction a hurricane is expected to inflict on an area. While any hurricane is expected to cause damage to homes and topple some trees in its path, higher wind speeds can lead to trees blocking roads and downing power lines, isolating communities without power or access to water for weeks — or even months.STRENGTHMAX SUSTAINED WIND SPEEDDESTRUCTION CATEGORY 1Between 74 mph and 95 mphWell-constructed houses could have damage to roof, shingles, vinyl siding and gutters. Large branches of trees will snap and shallowly-rooted trees may be toppled. Extensive damage to power lines and poles likely will result in power outages that could last a few to several days. CATEGORY 2Between 96 mph and 110 mphHouses could sustain major roof and siding damage. Many shallowly rooted trees will be snapped or uprooted and block roads. Near-total power loss is expected with outages that could last from several days to weeks. CATEGORY 3 (major)Between 111 mph and 129 mphHouses may incur major damage or removal of roof decking and gable ends. Many trees — regardless of root depth — will be snapped or uprooted, blocking roads. Electricity and water will be unavailable for several days to weeks after the storm passes.CATEGORY 4 (major)Between 130 mph and 156 mphHouses can sustain severe damage with loss of most of the roof structure and possibly some exterior walls. Most trees will be snapped or uprooted and power poles will topple. Fallen trees and power poles will isolate residential areas. Power outages will last weeks to possibly months. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months.CATEGORY 5 (major)Above 157 mphA high percentage of framed houses will be destroyed, with total roof failure and wall collapse. Fallen trees and power poles will isolate residential areas. Power outages will last for weeks to possibly months. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months.Any hurricane that reaches Category 3, with sustained winds above 111 mph, is considered a "major" hurricane. According to the NHC, that's because "of their potential for significant loss of life and damage." But that doesn't mean Category 1 and 2 hurricanes can't be deadly.The NHC itself says that Category 1 and 2 hurricanes are "still dangerous" and "require preventative measures."While Hurricane Sandy peaked at Category 3 intensity when it made landfall in Cuba in 2012, it had collapsed into a post-tropical cyclone by the time it reached New Jersey on Oct. 29. Even though the storm only had Category 1 strength winds, it still resulted in the deaths of 131 people in America, according to media reports, and an estimated billion in damages — the second-costliest hurricane in U.S. history up to that point.The Saffir-Simpson Scale also doesn't take into account storm surge in coastal areas and flash flooding caused by the surge and heavy rain. Flooding can cause significant property damage and make main roads — including expressways — inaccessible. 3864

When Hurricane Michael makes landfall today, it will hit Panama City, Florida, first. As a Category 4 storm, it will be the strongest storm to ever hit the city.How bad is it? In nearby Panama City Beach, a Waffle House actually closed. If you're familiar with the concept of the Waffle House index, you know the ever-reliable 24/7 chain deciding to board up means some serious stuff is going down.And yes, for those who aren't familiar with the area, Panama City and Panama City Beach are in fact two separate cities, the latter being home to the famous spring break beach destination. 594

When Hurricane Michael barreled through Florida's Mexico Beach, it reduced the beachside town to pile of rubble, mangled structures and splintered houses.These aerial images from NOAA offer a stark look at how there's nothing left in some parts where houses once stood.Most houses in the northern section of Mexico Beach, where the canal and marina start, aren't there anymore.The pier toward the bottom of the image, isn't either.Zooming in closer on the marina, the debris from houses is piled up on the northern shore of the canal.The boat moorings, gone. And the debris field extends into the trees beyond the canal. 628

While the calls to defund police departments continue, there are some major cities that have already had success in changing police involvement in certain scenarios.That includes programs that limit police interaction and bring in proper reinforcements in situations where mental health is a primary factor."A police officer, a paramedic and a social worker in one vehicle in response to mental health crises as one unit, so they're not waiting for the social worker to arrive or they're not waiting for the paramedic to come," said Kurtis Young, Social Work Director at Parkland Health & Hospital System.Young is talking about cooperation with Dallas police to bring specialized mental health treatment to 911 emergencies. It’s been in place since 2018.It’s critical because people with untreated mental illness are 16 times more likely to be killed during a police encounter. And at least one in four deadly law enforcement encounters involve an individual with serious mental illness.Our partners at Newsy found since January, the "right care" team has handled more than 6,000 calls. Less than 4% of those calls resulted in an arrest.Also, "quality of life" citations for things like disorderly conduct and public intoxication have dropped.The program is an alternative to policing, but at the same time, Young says it doesn't work without police.“We are a partnership with the police department,” he said. “And that's such an integral piece of it that we're not just social workers out there going house to house and taking 911 calls ourselves, you know. We have been folded into the system and very much welcomed by the police department."A similar program in Eugene, Oregon, has been around for more than 30 years and responds to about 24,000 calls annually.The CAHOOTS co-response team says it has never had a “serious injury or death that their team was responsible for.” 1891

White House communications director Hope Hicks is not answering questions about her time in the White House during her closed-door House Intelligence Committee testimony Tuesday, but she has started to answer some questions about the presidential transition, according to lawmakers on the committee.A source familiar with her testimony says the attorney for Hicks told the committee that she will not discuss matters after the campaign in accordance with the White House request. When asked about certain matters, her attorney says she will "take it under advisement" but not answer those questions, the source said.When former White House chief strategist Steve Bannon appeared before the committee last month and didn't answer questions about similar time frame beyond the 2016 campaign, he was hit with a subpoena during the interview. Republicans said Bannon's claim that he could invoke executive privilege?during the presidential transition did not have merit.Hicks, however, did respond to some questions regarding the transition, according to Rep. Tom Rooney, a Florida Republican.Rooney said her answers weren't prompted by a subpoena threat, but because she apparently had responded to similar questions during her previous interview before the Senate Intelligence Committee. The committee made the case they were entitled to the same answers as the Senate panel, and the White House apparently agreed."It had more to do with what she testified to the Senate, and what was fair to the House to ask the same questions," Rooney said.It's unclear whether Hicks is answering all questions about the transition or just those that she previously answered in her Senate testimony.Earlier on Tuesday, Democrats were pushing for the committee to subpoena Hicks for not responding to the panel's questions."We got Bannon-ed," said Rep. Denny Heck, a Washington state Democrat."I have less hope we'll get to all the answers," said Rep. Mike Quigley, an Illinois Democrat. "As with anyone who doesn't answer questions, they ought to be subpoenaed."Rooney and other lawmakers said Hicks still was not answering questions about her time in the Trump White House."There are some questions that she's not going to answer. I think anything dealing with the administration, from the time of the inauguration," GOP Rep. Chris Stewart of Utah told reporters.Rep. Mike Conaway, the Texas Republican leading the House Intelligence Committee's Russia investigation, told CNN ahead of the meeting that he expected Hicks to answer all of the committee's questions. He declined to comment Tuesday afternoon on Hicks' testimony or a possible subpoena, saying he would wait until the interview had concluded.Bannon returned under subpoena earlier this month to the committee to continue he testimony, and he told the panel he had been instructed by the White House to invoke executive privilege on behalf of the President.California Rep. Adam Schiff, the top Democrat on the House Intelligence Committee, has called for Bannon to be held in contempt of Congress for refusing to answer questions, as well as former Trump campaign manager Corey Lewandowski, who also limited the scope of questions he would answer. But Conaway said Tuesday that he still has to discuss the matter with House Speaker Paul Ryan before deciding how to proceed.Quigley said Hicks had not asserted privilege Tuesday, but she was "following the orders of the White House not to answer certain questions."Hicks did not answer reporter questions on her way into the interview Tuesday morning. She was initially scheduled to appear before the committee last month as part of the panel's investigation into Russian meddling into the US election, but her interview was delayed over questions about the scope of her testimony.Hicks has already been interviewed by the Senate Intelligence Committee, a source familiar with the matter told CNN. Hicks also met last year with?special counsel Robert Mueller as part of his investigation.Hicks, a trusted Trump aide for years, was one of then-candidate Trump's first hires as he put together an improbable run for the White House. During the campaign, she was often by Trump's side and attended nearly every rally, while she was in frequent communication with other senior officials as they coordinated their tactics to win the White House.The House panel plans to interview her about any knowledge she has of contacts that occurred between other Trump associates and Russians. And she is bound to be questioned about other controversies as well, namely the White House's involvement in crafting a misleading response last summer once a June 2016 meeting between Russians and Donald Trump Jr. was revealed in the press.Hicks appears to have firsthand knowledge of a number of key events that have shaped the first year of the Trump White House, including being on Air Force One when the initial misleading statement about Trump Jr.'s meeting with Russians was crafted. 4977

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