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At 3 p.m. ET on Monday, November 26, a group of researchers will be really sweating. The NASA InSight spacecraft will try to land on Mars.After six months of flight, the lander component of the probe will detach itself from the cruise stage and head into the atmosphere. The lander component initially looks a fair bit like the re-entry capsule used in the 1960s and 1970s for the Apollo moon missions -- sort of conical, with a smooth and flat bottom. That bottom is a crucial heat shield that is designed to protect the probe as it passes through the thin Martian atmosphere.The landing is a devilishly difficult feat. The landing capsule has to batter its way through the atmosphere. It will fly through the Martian air at an initial speed of 12,300 mph, and it must hit the atmosphere at an angle of precisely 12 degrees. Any shallower, and the probe will bounce off into deep space. Any steeper, and the probe will burn itself up in a spectacular and fiery death. The probe will first touch the atmosphere six minutes and 45 seconds before landing. During this phase, it will experience acceleration 12 times that of the Earth's gravity. Were the probe a 150-pound human, during the flaming descent, it would weigh nearly a ton.About 3? minutes after the probe hits the atmosphere, a parachute will deploy, slowing down the probe even more. Fifteen seconds later, explosives will blow the heat shield off, exposing the actual InSight probe hidden inside. Ten seconds after the heat shield falls away, the probe will extend its legs, much like an airplane extends its wheels before touching down.The probe will fall for an additional two minutes attached to the parachute and protected by its conical shell. About 45 seconds before InSight lands, it will drop out of the shell and fall toward the surface. As soon as it leaves the shell, its landing rockets will ignite.The actual InSight probe looks a little bit like the Apollo moon lander, with three legs to support it and a boxy top. The rockets will slow it further and stop any remaining horizontal motion. Then, about 15 seconds before touchdown, the InSight probe will descend at a speed of 8 feet per second, before hopefully touching down gently on the Martian surface.The entire landing sequence will take about seven minutes to occur. A radio signal from Mars to Earth currently takes about eight minutes and seven seconds to get here. So the complete landing process will take place before we find out if it was successful. It will be done automatically, entirely by the probe itself. For the scientists and engineers who designed InSight, this is called "seven minutes of terror."And they are right to be worried. Mars is a graveyard of failed probes. There have been 44 attempts by various national space agencies to land on Mars. Eighteen have been successful. Twenty-three have not. Three have achieved orbit but failed at a landing.So, what does InSight hope to achieve? Well, as it happens, a lot. But it's different than the intrepid Curiosity probe, which NASA landed in 2012. InSight will not move around. Instead, it will stay put and tell us of the interior of Mars.One thing it will do is emit radio waves that we can monitor on Earth. By making careful measurements of how the frequency of the radio waves change, we will be able to measure the degree to which Mars wobbles as it rotates. That will tell us something about the core of the planet, specifically its makeup and information on the degree to which it is molten.InSight will also deploy a seismometer to listen for marsquakes (like earthquakes, but Martian-style) and for impacts of meteors on the planet. Information gleaned from the waves the seismometer detects will tell us more about the planet's interior.The third thing InSight will do is to dig below the planet's surface. Using a jackhammer, the probe will drill down 5 meters (16 feet) into the planet and, basically, it will take the planet's temperature.There are many reasons this is interesting. Taking the temperature at that depth will allow planetary scientists to determine how much heat is escaping from Mars. More broadly, this measurement will allow a clear determination of the temperature of the planet much closer to the core.This information will tell us a lot about how Mars formed, which, in turn, will add to the information of how rocky planets, including our own Earth, typically develop.And if you're more of an explorer kind of person and not so interested in Martian geology, it will also tell us how warm the planet is at modest depths, which will tell us if there is any chance of liquid water on the planet. Perhaps obviously, if the Martian subsurface is warm enough, any buried water will be in liquid form and not ice. Finding liquid water would be the key discovery that would make Martian exploration relatively easy. A relatively recent possible discovery of a buried Martian lake was promising, but the data was not conclusive. Knowing that the ground is warm would be very comforting to possible future explorers.Exploring the solar system is the first step toward exploring the stars. The InSight probe will give us --well -- insight into whether this is something that humanity will achieve in the foreseeable future.And maybe Elon Musk's bet on him getting to Mars will become true. 5329

As Tropical Storm Laura began setting its sights on Puerto Rico, and eventually, the Florida coast, Tropical Storm Marco formed late Friday.Marco has top winds of 40 MPH, but is expected to gain strength by the time it reaches the Gulf of Mexico. As of late Friday, however, the storm is not forecast to reach hurricane strength.The storm is then expected to head for the Texas or Louisiana coast.In the meantime, Marco is expected to hit Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula this weekend.Tropical Storm Laura is also headed toward the Gulf of Mexico, but instead of approaching from the South like Marco, Laura is coming from the east.Laura has top winds of 45 MPH as of late Friday. Before reaching the Gulf of Mexico, it is expected to skirt Puerto Rico and Hispaniola and Florida.The combination of Marco and Laura could cause havoc for emergency managers next week. Laura could two US mainland landfalls – the Florida east coast and somewhere in the Gulf of Mexico. 968

ATLANTA (AP) — A former Navy SEAL who claims to have killed Osama bin Laden has been banned by Delta Air Lines after removing his face mask during a flight.Robert O'Neill tweeted about his ban on Thursday, and the airline confirmed its action.I just got banned from @Delta for posting a picture. Wow.— Robert J. O'Neill (@mchooyah) August 20, 2020 O'Neill posted and later deleted a selfie showing himself with no mask on a plane.The incident happened Wednesday on flight from Minneapolis to Newark, New Jersey.All major U.S. airlines require passengers to wear face coverings to prevent the spread of COVID-19.Delta says it has banned more than 100 passengers for violating the rule. 692

AURORA, Colo. — Three Aurora Police Department officers who were fired last week over their involvement in taking a picture in front of the memorial for Elijah McClain while mocking the chokehold officers used on him before his death, then sending it in a group text, have appealed their dismissals.Officers Erica Marrero and Kyle Dittrich both submitted their appeals on Wednesday, Aurora spokesperson Michael Bryant said. The Aurora Civil Service Commission will next schedule hearing dates within 15 to 30 days, though those hearings could be pushed back if extensions are filed.Marrero and Dittrich were two of the three officers pictured in the photos taken last October. A third officer in the photos, Jaron Jones, resigned last week before he could be fired.And on Thursday evening, Bryant confirmed that a fourth officer involved in a group text in which the photos were sent, Jason Rosenblatt, who was also fired because he responded "ha ha" to the photos, had filed an appeal over his termination.The fired officers had 10 days to file an appeal from last Friday.“It is my prerogative," Aurora’s Interim Police Chief Vanessa Wilson said in announcing last week the terminations. "And the public outcry and demand for justice for Elijah — they don't deserve to wear a badge anymore. I accelerated [the discipline process], and I was able to do that legally and I felt it was the right thing for this community."The photos were taken on Oct. 20, 2019, nearly two months after McClain's violent encounter with police. Dittrich, Marrero and Jones were on duty and had completed a service call in the area where McClain was detained in August.The three officers posed for a selfie, with Dittrich taking the photo and Jones putting his arm around Dittrich's neck, according to department investigative documents released Friday.Dittrich then texted the photo to two officers, Rosenblatt and Nathan Woodyard, who was also involved in the original McClain incident.Woodyard did not respond and deleted the photo, Wilson said. Woodyard was not disciplined in the incident.Rosenblatt responded, "ha ha," according to the investigation.McClain, 23, was unarmed when he was encountered by Aurora police on Aug. 24, 2019. Police put McClain in a carotid hold, which limits blood flow to the brain, after stopping him while he was walking home. When he became unresponsive, paramedics gave him ketamine, police have said.McClain had a heart attack and died six days later.The officers involved in McClain's death were not arrested or charged, despite continued calls for justice from McClain's family and supporters.In June, as McClain's death garnered national interest, Gov. Jared Polis appointed Attorney General Phil Weiser to investigate the officers' actions.The Aurora City Council is working on putting together a panel of candidates for an independent investigation of the city’s own.This story was originally published by Blair Miller on KMGH in Denver. 2967

As you head to the stores for your back-to-school shopping, you may get suckered into buying items marked down as a sale. But there are a few things you should know before shopping if you want to save money.Jeff Kreisler, editor and chief of People Science, says in order to be a smart shopper, you have to pay attention to the "decoy price."“If something has three different versions," explains Kreisler. "The top version is too expensive, the bottom version is too cheap, and because we don’t really know how to value it, we chose what’s in the middle.”That middle item is not always the best deal. Also, don't get suckered into buying the newest item, which is usually overpriced.  712

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