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CHICAGO, Ill. -- Historical housing practices in the U.S. have put many communities of color at a disadvantage. It’s not necessarily due to individuals being racist. It’s due to housing policies nearly a century ago that still affects people of color today, otherwise known as systemic racism.Chicago is a classic example of a city that’s still very segregated. Marketta Sims was born and raised in Chicago. She lost her mother at 14, was incarcerated for more than a decade, and upon being released, she became homeless.“Homelessness is mentally, physically, spiritually, emotionally draining,” Sims said.Sims says she was on the streets for a year and a half.“What’s my meal for the day? What am I going to wear? How am I going to take a bath?" Sims said. "And then people look at you like ‘oh, they just want to be lazy.' Some people actually have jobs and be actually homeless. And work like I did. I worked, and still was homeless.”Sims joined a program through a homeless shelter, moved into transitional housing and now she lives in an apartment with her fiancé. However, it wasn’t easy. She says it took a lot of hard work and determination to get there.“They make sure that you have to jump through all type of loopholes to get to housing,” Sims said.To understand the disadvantages people of color face currently, we must understand what was going on in the housing realm back in the 1930s. Kendra Freeman is the director of community engagement with the Metropolitan Planning Council in Chicago. The Metropolitan Planning Council is a planning and policy-change not-for-profit organization founded in 1934 to improve housing conditions in the city of Chicago. It was also in the 1930s that a practice called "redlining" made its way across the nation.“Redlining was an intentional process that was used by the real estate industry and the financing industry to really color-code communities and steer where lending happened," Freeman said. "So essentially if you’re in a majority black community or community of color, typically those were colored red and rated as undesirable high-risk neighborhoods.”Think of it as a stop light. Green meant it was a good community to invest in, blue meant it was fairly good, yellow meant you should take a step back and red was deemed hazardous. A lender or government agency was able to make decisions on who gets a mortgage and who doesn’t by looking at the maps and experts say it was a discriminatory practice based on the race and ethnicity of people who lived in a certain neighborhood.“It’s all remarkably racist,” Dr. Robert Nelson at the University of Richmond said.Dr. Robert Nelson is the director of Digital Scholarship Lab at the University of Richmond which has been working to develop an atlas of U.S. history. One project is called Mapping Inequality and shows how cities in the U.S. were broken up.It wasn’t just Black communities. Other minorities were singled out as well: Syrian, Japanese, Latino, Polish, and even Jewish. Dr. Nelson says it’s important to note redlining was a federal program produced by the federal government with federal oversight and it nationalized lending practice standards.“These are not maps that were just produced by banks that had discriminatory lending practices," Dr. Nelson said. "This is the federal government saying discriminatory racist lending policies is best practice in the industry.”Dr. Nelson says money was channeled to white, middle-class families, causing inter-generational wealth. In other words, they were able to build wealth and pass it on as inheritance to their kids.“Typically in America the way that you build wealth is through home ownership and real estate," Freeman said. "So when you look back to my grandfather, your grandfather and their ability to buy a home, and traditionally you get a job, buy a home, you raise a family and you build equity in that home – and you can use that equity to do things like send your kids to college or invest in a business, or help your grandchildren with a down payment for their first home.”Even though redlining became illegal through the Fair Housing Act of 1968, Co-Executive Director Giana Baker with the Chicago Area Fair Housing Alliance says decades of the practice contributed to racial disparities we see now and the disinvestment in Black communities for generations is clear.“If we take those same maps in that era that were created through the Home Owner Loans Corporation, those same communities on the west and south sides are communities where they have a rich legacy in the people who live there, but we also see that those are the communities that there are food deserts where there may not be grocery stores,” Baker said.Baker says even she is impacted.“In the community that I live in – which is a suburb outside of Chicago, but it is a predominantly Black suburb that has been disinvested – my house does not have the same value that it would have if I was just one neighborhood over.”There’s no easy solution to eliminating barriers of housing for people. Baker says her organization is advocating for everyone to have equal access to affordable housing, meaning people would be able to pay their rent and still have money left over for groceries, childcare and medical expenses.According to Freeman, the first step in American society should be shifting perceptions so people of color are seen as human beings with an equitable opportunity for housing and wealth. Then comes programs – like the one that helped Sims find housing – but what will make the most difference is a change in policy.“We can do things to help improve conditions through programs, but if you don’t get to the core of changing policy that holds those inequities in place, then you’re not changing the problem,” Freeman said.Changing policy is part of the work Freeman and her team is trying to do at Metropolitan Planning Council. However, she says it will take everyone to do the hard work of structural change.“Know that housing is a human right," Sims said. "I will stand and I will fight.” 6061

CARLSBAD, Calif., (KGTV) -- This afternoon,  friends and family said their final good-byes to Justin Meek, the Coronado native who died in the Borderline Bar shooting on November 8, 2018. On the same day, students at Sage Creek High School read letters of appreciation to their loved ones. One student wrote his message to his older sister who survived the shooting in Thousand Oaks. Teenagers are not known to pour out their feelings. But for Sage Creek High School students, it is a requirement for their English class. As part of a senior assignment called "Project Gratitude," students expressed their thanks to those who helped shape their lives. They were to write a letter, call the recipient, and reflect. “I know I don’t show it often, but I’m so proud to have you as my mom,” Izabella Razmi said. Her letter was to her mother, US Navy Captain Shay Razmi. During her deployments, Izabella was the woman of the house.  954

CHICAGO — Millions of frontline healthcare workers are rolling up their sleeves for the first of a two-dose COVID-19 vaccine. First out is Pfizer’s vaccine, and now, an FDA panel has recommended Moderna’s vaccine for emergency use authorization. The available Pfizer shot requires a complex and precise procedure for it to work.Before the needle even breaks the skin, a strict protocol must be followed precisely.“We're going to put it take it from the negative 80 ultra-low storage and we're gonna defrost it to refrigerator temperatures,” explained Erin Shaughnessy, director of pharmacy at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. “That's gonna give us five days of stability for the vaccine.”It’s like something out of Mission Impossible.“We installed additional security cameras and we have additional security protocols,” said Shaughnessy.She’s charged with ensuring the vaccine is securely handled and properly prepped before it’s injected.“We don't want to risk wasting any of the drugs,” she said. “The stuff is liquid gold right now.”That liquid gold must be stored at 80 below zero, in a secure location that only a few pharmacists have access to.“We have to take it out of the ultra-low freezer and move it to a refrigerator just to thaw for three hours.”Once thawed, it cannot be re-stored.“You can't put the medication back into the freezer,” said Shaughnessy. “Once inside, you have to use it or you're going to lose it. It's gonna have a five-day refrigerated expiration.”Pfizer’s vaccine protocol also requires the vaccine to be protected from UV light and the dilution must be gently inverted exactly 10 times. Shaken too hard, says Shaughnessy, and it could go bad.“It's very, very specific," she explained.That’s when the clock starts ticking.“Once they're thawed and reconstituted, basically diluted down to make the actual doses, then that's when we have six hours on the clock going from that dilution point into someone's arm,” said Luke Hvass, a clinical pharmacist at Rush.Each dose is recorded and logged. It’s a symphony of procedures that must come together like clockwork.“It's a lift for a lot of hospitals, a lot of organizations, but I think it's a challenge everybody is ready to rise to because everyone is so excited about getting this vaccine process started,” said Shaughnessy.The Department of Health and Human Services has expanded the scope of who can act as vaccinators. In addition to pharmacists, interns, pharmacy students and pharmacy technicians who complete 20 hours of training will be added to the vaccination workforce to help handle the massive undertaking. 2619

CAPE CORAL, Fla. — A Lee County mom kept her son home from school on Monday because she felt it was inappropriate for the school to allow children to have a water gun fight in the wake of recent school shootings.The mother, who did not want to be identified because she didn't want to identify her son, said during a time when students are put through active shooter training, encouraging students to shoot what she calls water guns at each other is inappropriate.The Lee County School District is calling them "squirt toys," and says they're not water guns."What is this? Put the fun back in the gun? I don't understand it. It completely contradicts everything they stand for," the mom said.She said her son came home from Mariner Middle School recently and told her he would need money for a water gun fight on field day."This is completely asinine. I don't understand. They're telling us it's necessary to teach them there's no tolerance for guns. You enter the property, it's a gun free zone. Yet they're saying here's a gun, point it at me, point it at your fellow student and pull the trigger," she said.She said she understands they're meant for fun.  "But who knows what's going on inside these kids heads now-a-days. How do you know they're not fantasizing about the adrenaline rush of what if this is real?" she said.She said given the timing of the Santa Fe school shooting and increased sensitivity in Florida after the Parkland shooting, this activity isn't appropriate."Any other day of the year, according to the Lee County School District code of conduct policy, there's no fake weaponry even allowed on school," she said. The Lee County School District spokesperson said they're not water guns, they're squirt toys or pool toys. He also said: "Field days are meant to be a reward for the students hard work during the school year. We encourage any parent who has concerns with certain school activities to contact their child's principal." Rob Spicker, Communications Coordinator at the Lee County School District said."You can't sugarcoat the world, but certainly when I take my son to school, I don't expect his teacher to hand him a play gun, empty water gun, a water gun, and say 'point this at me and shoot,'" she said.She said she's also disappointed she wasn't notified that this activity would be part of field day, and was told other schools were doing this, too. 2462

Cesar Sayoc's political inclinations were passionately displayed for everyone to see.His social media accounts and the windows of his white van were plastered with messages supporting the President, and provocative photos and memes attacking liberals. Facebook video showed him in a MAGA hat at Trump rally in 2016.He was also open with a former boss, who says Sayoc called himself a white supremacist. Debra Gureghian said Sayoc told her that lesbians like her and other minorities should be put on an island. And though he liked her, she would be the first person he would burn, Gureghian recalled.His former lawyer, Ronald S. Lowy, says he has for years shown "a lack of comprehension of reality."But federal authorities say the 14 pipe bombs Sayoc, of Aventura, Florida, allegedly sent through the US mail are real, and were a danger to the people he mailed them to in recent days.He told investigators after he was arrested in Plantation that the pipe bombs wouldn't have hurt anyone, and that he didn't want to hurt anyone, according to a law enforcement official.Sayoc was being held Friday night at a federal detention center in Miami. It appears that he had been living in the white Dodge van where he was found and arrested Friday morning, the law enforcement official said. 1292