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As health officials around the world tack COVID-19 infection rates, two universities in the U.S. have partnered with Facebook to try to predict infections with real-time survey data.Dr. Alex Reinhart, an assistant teaching professor of statistics and data science at Carnegie Mellon University and a member of the Delphi Group, says that as health officials were struggling with testing capacity in the spring, they realized they might be able to predict infections by analyzing social media."They realized that if we could know when people are experiencing symptoms, they probably experience symptoms a few days before seeing a doctor. That's probably a few days before they get test results back and so that could potentially be an early indicator," Reinhart said.The Delphi Group reached out to Facebook, which agreed to help them survey its users."Every day Facebook takes a random sample of their active users that day in the United States and internationally and invites them through a little blurb at the top of their newsfeed that says, 'you can help coronavirus research' if you take this survey, which is voluntary," Reinhart said.Once Facebook users click on the survey button, it takes them to Carnegie Mellon's page for the survey. The University of Maryland also jumped on board with the project and conducted the survey for all international Facebook users.Facebook does not receive any survey data and only refers to the interested participants to the survey links. So far, more than 30 million people have taken the survey.Dr. Frauke Kreuter, who is working with the University of Maryland in Germany on the international side, says she's not aware of another global survey on COVID-19."There are two factors globally, I would say. One, is that many countries do not have good reporting systems and so they rely even more on alternative data sources. And the other one is, you want to compare yourself to other countries, but for that you need to have kind of the same measure in each country," Kreuter said. "And that's what we're lacking with a lot of measures right now because each country does there reporting slightly different."So far, Carnegie Mellon and the University of Maryland have been able to develop heat maps showing coronavirus symptoms across the country and world. Reinhart says they've been on par with COVID-19 infection rates being reported from health officials and says the survey has helped them identify patterns when it comes to mask-wearing and infection rates."In early September, we started asking questions about mask usage and we soon found that there is a striking difference in mask usage across the country," Reinhart said. "At the time, places that had lower mask usage seemed to be having a worse time in the pandemic."Reinhart says the survey results are helping them learn more about the effects of mask mandates. Researchers are hoping to continue the survey as the pandemic evolves — for example, they hope to begin gauging users on vaccine usage and skepticism in the coming months.The data is available for anyone to view and use."It's different from what you can get from cell phone mobility data that we see people use because we get to directly ask people what they're thinking, how they're feeling, what they're experiencing," Rinehart said. "We'd like as many people as possible to discover this data and use it for their own important research questions." 3430

As a 58-year-old woman on disability, Robin Short of Wallingford, Connecticut, relies on her tax refund to catch up on bills. She filed her return electronically in February, opting for direct deposit so she could get her 3 refund quickly.She’s still waiting, as are millions of others. The IRS is slowly resuming operations after pandemic-related lockdowns, but delayed refunds are devastating some people’s finances.Tax refunds have become a lifelineTax refunds, which last year averaged ,979, are the largest single infusion of cash for about 30% of U.S. families, says Fiona Greig, consumer research director at the JPMorgan Chase Institute, which researches economic issues. While many Americans use refunds to save or to pay down debt, significant numbers rely on the money to cover bills or to get needed medical care — and that was true even before millions lost jobs and income during the COVID-19 pandemic.Delayed refunds can lead to evictions, hunger, creditor lawsuits and health problems from postponed medical care, among other ill effects. Many households live so close to the edge that they can experience hardship when a refund is delayed by two or three weeks, let alone several months, says John Thompson, chief program officer for the Financial Health Network, which researches financial challenges facing low- and moderate-income households.“Not everybody has got the kind of flexibility or resilience to just be able to hold on,” Thompson says.Pandemic shutters most IRS operationsThe IRS started shutting down tax return processing centers in March, along with its taxpayer help line, local offices and volunteer assistance programs. Soon after, it focused on sending out more than 159 million payments as authorized by the coronavirus relief package. By mid-May, the agency faced a backlog of 10 million pieces of unopened mail, including paper tax returns.People who filed electronically generally got their refunds unless those returns were flagged, commonly because of identity theft concerns or a mismatch between the information on the return and what was provided by employers or financial institutions.In Short’s case, the TurboTax software she used counted a ,800 annual pension payment twice, as both 1099 income and as W-2 income. The IRS sent her a letter about the error and advised her not to contact the agency for 60 days while the issue was resolved. Then, the lockdowns happened.Short says her pension and monthly Social Security disability checks don’t cover her expenses. She makes arrangements to pay overdue bills, such as her power bill, when her refund arrives. Otherwise, she says, the math of living on a low fixed income gets grim.“Either you miss a payment on the electric bill, or you don’t get your medicine,” says Short, a former facilities manager and insulin-dependent diabetic who was severely injured when her car was hit by a drunk driver.Using refunds to catch upPutting off bills, then using tax refunds to catch up, is a common practice among strapped households, Thompson says. A survey of people who used free filing methods for lower- and moderate-income taxpayers last year found roughly half said they needed their refunds for bills, rent, groceries and other everyday expenses, according to Prosperity Now, a nonprofit that promotes financial security.People also increase their health care spending significantly after refund checks arrive. A 2018 study of 1.2 million checking account holders found health care spending rose 60% in the week after people received refunds, indicating many were catching up on care, Greig says.It’s not clear how long it will take the IRS to address the backlog or when taxpayers can expect their money. People can try using the “Where’s My Refund?” tool on the IRS site or call the taxpayer help line, but getting through to a human is difficult even in normal times. Congress has cut the IRS’ budget by 20% since 2010, leading to a 22% reduction in staff, according to acting National Taxpayer Advocate Bridget Roberts. Without adequate staff, the agency answered less than one-third of its calls last year. Another option is to contact the Taxpayer Advocate Service, which has representatives in each state.Rather than wait for the IRS to return their money each year, taxpayers can adjust their withholding so they get more money in their paychecks. But many don’t feel comfortable changing their withholding in case they wind up owing big sums, Thompson says.“You’d have to predict how the year is going to go,” Thompson says. “And what could we possibly predict about this year?”This article was written by NerdWallet and was originally published by The Associated Press.Liz Weston is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: lweston@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @lizweston. 4782

An Arkansas sheriff's office has arrested a woman who helped her boyfriend escape from the county jail last month by posing as a deputy from California.Maxine Feldstein, 30, was arrested Aug. 17 in connection with forgery, accomplice to third-degree escape and criminal impersonation.Feldstein's boyfriend, Nicholas Lowe, was at the Washington County Detention Center on July 27 with a hold for criminal impersonation out of Ventura, Calif., according to a probable cause affidavit.Feldstein, who had bonded out earlier that day, called Washington County jail staff and identified herself as deputy "L. Kershaw" with the Ventura County Sheriff's Office. She also provided a forged VCSO document releasing the agency's hold on Lowe.Jail staff learned of the forgery and accidental release two days later, when a VCSO deputy called to say he was on his way to pick up Lowe.The sheriff's office discovered through jail video that Lowe told Feldstein to pose as a VCSO deputy while she visited him, according to the affidavit.Lowe said Feldstein should tell Washington County that VCSO was "having issues with overcrowding and all low-priority extraditions have been suspended," according to the affidavit.Washington County later confirmed the VCSO document Feldstein used was fake, and that VCSO didn't have a deputy named "L. Kershaw," according to the affidavit.Lowe was also arrested Friday and faces a felony charge of second-degree escape.A spokeswoman for the sheriff's office said the agency is "still evaluating to determine the best corrective action needed to ensure this doesn't happen again.""There is a procedure to ensure requests are legitimate, and that hasn't changed," she said.Feldstein and Lowe were being held Tuesday (Aug. 21) at the Washington County Detention Center on bonds of ,500 and ,000, respectively.The pair has hearings set for Sept. 5 in Washington County Circuit Court. 1920

As a 17-year-old faces charges of reckless and intentional homicide, we are learning more about the three people he shot, killing two, and the steps they took to try and stop the suspect.The suspect had reportedly clashed with a crowd of people Tuesday night in Kenosha, Wisconsin. The demonstrators were out for a third night after the Sunday shooting of Jacob Blake by Kenosha officers. Blake was shot several times in the back and is recovering, his family says it will be a miracle if he is able to walk again. 522

Army Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl teared up at his sentencing on Monday as he apologized to service members who searched for him after he deserted his outpost in Afghanistan in 2009."My words can't take away what people have been through," Bergdahl, 31, told an audience at his court martial that spilled into an overflow room. "I am admitting I made a horrible mistake."Bergdahl pleaded guilty October 16 to desertion and misbehavior before the enemy. His lengthy testimony began after the presiding judge rejected his attorneys' request to dismiss the case over President Trump's criticism of him during his campaign for the White House. 647

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