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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Inside Richard J. Donovan State Prison's 30-foot concrete walls, metal doors, and electrified fence is the Echo Yard. It's drawn attention as one of the state's most innovative programs for bringing together inmates of different security levels on the premise that they will coexist peacefully in exchange for some freedoms.The Echo Yard, the state's first non-designated yard, also aims to keep released inmates out of prison.Around 50 percent of people convicted of a crime in California are sent back to prison within three years, according to a 2019 state auditor report. Members of Echo Yard get greater access to self-help, educational, vocational, and rehabilitative programs through courses like anger management, victim awareness, job hunting, and money management. Early recruitment efforts were sluggish when the program was introduced a few years ago.While the prospect of better resources and a possible early release sounds promising, inmates had difficulty embracing the concept of sharing spaces with a potential rival."When we first interviewed maybe about 900 guys, we probably got about 30 of them that said, 'yeah, I'll give it a try' ... because they know prison politics are alive and well," said Daniel Paramo, a former warden at RJD.WATCH: Menendez brothers help paint massive mural as part of innovative prison programThe rules in the Echo Yard are far removed from the prison politics and policies made up by inmates designed to help keep the peace. Instead, the Echo Yard emphasizes inclusion. There is a ban on gang affiliation and racial segregation. It also welcomes transgender inmates and those convicted of sex crimes.Inmates of various backgrounds are housed together regardless of their designation (Sensitive Needs Yard or General Population). One of the men that entered into the experimental program said the environment is a culture shock."There’s so much diversity here; it’s a shock to the system…I am adjusting, but it’s rough," inmate Mike Briggs told the California Innocence Project blog.In 2018, the California Innocence Project said 780 men transitioned into the program, which is made available to those that demonstrate good behavior or show a commitment to Donovan's prison jobs. 2261

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In their push to reopen schools, some political supporters of President Donald Trump have cited COVID-19 research from a group of San Diego scientists, claiming it’s evidence we could be close to herd immunity from the virus.But one of the authors of that research says that conclusion is way off.One of the most prominent supporters of the herd immunity conjecture is Dr. Scott Atlas, a neuroradiologist and senior fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution who became an adviser to President Trump this month.“There’s a pretty good chance that herd immunity requires way less infections because of existing immunity out there,” Atlas said in a livestream conversation with San Diego County Supervisor Jim Desmond. “It actually may have already been reached in places like New York. We don’t know, but it’s possible.”Herd immunity is the level of protection needed to effectively stop the virus from circulating, thought to be about 70 percent of the population. The “existing immunity” to which Atlas is referring has to do with T cells.“It's just a misunderstanding of the science,” said Dr. Shane Crotty, a virologist at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology who co-authored the groundbreaking research on T cells in June.Crotty and his colleagues found that 50 percent of people unexposed to the novel coronavirus had T cells that could recognize it. Scientists refer to this as cross-reactive T cells, and the study was replicated in other countries.Proponents of the herd immunity theory take the number of people infected with the coronavirus, add the number of people with T cells that can recognize the virus, and come up with a number around the herd immunity threshold of 70 percent. But the math doesn’t work that way, according to Crotty, in part because T cells only kick in once a virus has hijacked cells, meaning T cells alone can't stop a pathogen in its tracks.“We’re not saying those 50 percent of people have protection like they’ve already had the virus,” Crotty said. “We’re saying those 50 percent of people have a head start in responding to the virus, which is a good thing but doesn’t affect herd immunity.”Since the novel coronavirus is a new pathogen, scientists did not expect people would have tools in their immune system capable of recognizing it. Unexposed people do not have cross-reactive antibodies, Crotty said.But in a study published this month in Science, Dr. Crotty and his colleagues offered a potential explanation for the surprising T cell results: they found these cross-reactive T cells also recognized four other coronavirus strains that cause common colds.Their theory: the T cells were created in response to other coronaviruses but can recognize SARS-CoV-2 like a distant relative.“It's a memory of a cousin,” Dr. Crotty said.That memory may speed up the body’s immune response, which can normally take about a week for an unknown pathogen, Crotty said. But scientists aren’t sure yet what role T cells actually play in clinical outcomes.“We have no data and and neither does anybody else as to whether these T cells really help or not,” Crotty said.To answer that question, scientists would need blood samples for lots of healthy people and then they would have to closely study individuals who got infected.The La Jolla Institute for Immunology is raising money for that kind of research, Crotty said, but they’re not there yet. 3417

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- In 2014, the Whittingtons shared their story about their first-born child in a video that went viral.Ryland was born a girl. “As soon as Ryland could speak, she would scream, ‘I am a boy!’” the video explained. As Ryland got older, the feelings got stronger.After consulting professionals and experts, parents Jeff and Hillary Whittington came to the conclusion Ryland was transgender. For their child’s well-being, they decided to allow him to transition as soon as possible.Today, the YouTube video about Ryland's journey has more than 8 million views.In a 2016 interview with 10News, Jeff Whittington explained some of the criticism his family received. “They think that this is something that just happened overnight. We just made this split-second decision and our son said, ‘I feel like a boy.’ And we said great. And that wasn’t the case,” he said.Hillary Whittington wrote a book about their journey, Raising Ryland."I think people are definitely opening their minds a lot more,” Hillary Whittington said, as she reflected on their family’s journey over the past several years.Jeff explained how they try to deal with those who do not agree with their family’s decision. “We recognize that a lot of that comes from background, stories, and experiences they’ve had. We tend to take that negativity and try and understand what the source of that may be and try and find empathy for those that are critical,” he said.Ryland, now 12-years-old, said he is comfortable with his story being so public. “I know it helps a lot of people,” he said.Last year, his family hosted a “coming out party” to share with loved ones. Ryland gave a speech in front of his friends and others close to him. “It’s not a secret, but for many years I’ve kept it private because I was afraid you might treat me differently or not look at me the same if you knew,” he said. “When I was born, the doctors told me that I was a girl. But they were wrong. In my head and in my heart, I’ve always been a boy.”Ryland is about to enter seventh grade. He loves math and sports—his favorites are ice hockey and lacrosse.He shared what Pride month means to him. “Pride month is just a month of showing who you are and showing that you support who people want to be,” Ryland said.“We’re grateful for who our kids are. They’ve taught us so much about life and I wouldn’t a thing about them,” Hillary said.For those who still have negative things to say about their family, Ryland’s 8-year-old sister shared her thoughts. “I would want to say to them that I don’t care what they think and that I am happy to be who I am and who my family is,” Bryn said.“She took the words right out of my mouth!” Ryland echoed. 2706

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Local, independently owned grocery stores are keeping an eye on a potential grocery worker strike in Southern California. On Monday, UFCW Local 135 will vote to authorize strikes at Albertsons, Vons and Ralphs. Union representatives say employees have been working without a contract since March. Union president, Todd Walters, says they've met 17 times with the companies asking for better wages, health benefits and pensions. In South Park, the owner of a small grocery store says he hopes the bigger retailers don't enter a strike. David Halabo owns Food Bowl Market with his wife. During the last strike in 2003, Halabo says his business saw an increase in customers for specific items like bread, milk and eggs. Halabo says he's keeping an eye on the negotiations, but says he'll only stock up on extra items if the workers do go on strike. The small business owner says, although is business would benefit, he doesn't want to see a strike happen.Ralphs spokesperson John Votava sent 10News a statement from the company, saying:"We are negotiating in good faith with the union for a fair and balanced contract that is good for our associates, as well as our company. As you know, negotiations are about finding compromise, and this can take time. Throughout the negotiations, it's business as usual in our stores and Ralphs is extremely proud of our associates who remain focused on serving our customers, communities and each other."Vons/Albertson's spokesperson Melissa Hill sent this statement as well, saying:"We are committed to working collaboratively with the unions to ensure that we reach an agreement that is fair to our employees, good for our customers and allows Albertsons, Vons, and Pavilions to remain competitive in the Southern California market. We feel the strike authorization vote is premature and will cause our employees and customers undue concern; nevertheless, we will be back at the bargaining table on July 10 and hope to reach an agreement soon."The vote doesn't mean employees will go on strike immediately, but it does give the union the ability to call for one at any time. Grocery workers will have three opportunities to vote on Monday, at 9 a.m., 1:00 p.m. and 6 p.m. 2237

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Local health officials said Thursday a new case of vaping-related lung injury has been reported, as county leaders prepare to consider new vaping regulations.So far in San Diego, there have been 43 confirmed cases of vaping-associated lung injury with three cases under investigation. There haven't been any local deaths, but all patients have had to be hospitalized. Those affected range in age from 17 to 70 years old, according to the county.The CDC has said that vitamin E acetate and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are closely linked with e-cigarette, or vaping, associated lung injury. CDC recommends people avoid using THC-containing e-cigarettes or vaping products.RELATED: San Diego woman hospitalized with vaping illness warns others“Vaping-related lung injuries continue to be reported in the region and that’s concerning,” said Wilma Wooten, county public health officer.As of Jan. 7, the CDC has reported 2,602 hospitalizations or deaths from sudden and severe lung injuries associated with vaping.The San Diego County Board of Supervisors is set to discuss several potential local actions on regulating e-cigarette devices during a Jan. 14 meeting. Those ordinances include a ban on flavored tobacco sale and distribution, device moratorium, and restricting e-cigarette smoking to outdoor areas at restaurant. The ordinances would apply to unincorporated parts of the county.“As stewards of public health; we have a responsibility to raise awareness and act in the best interest of the public to protect them,” said Supervisor Fletcher. “Right now we simply do not know enough about the chemicals being consumed and their impacts. We are acting in a similar fashion to other jurisdictions in California, we are acting with an abundance of caution.” A second meeting on the ordinances will be held on Jan. 28. If the ordinances pass, they will go into effect July 1. 1902