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TORONTO, Dec. 29 (Xinhua) -- The emerging markets of China, India and Brazil will lead the way in global auto sales in 2010, a report said Tuesday.     The U.S. market, meanwhile, was expected to see a double-digit increase and will lead the growth of mature markets in 2010, said the global auto report by Canadian Scotiabank Economics.     The report said that a cyclical recovery in global auto sales began in the spring of 2009 and would gain momentum in 2010.     China became the world's largest auto market in 2009, surpassing purchases in the United States. Car sales in China surged by more than 40 percent to 7.3 million units this year thanks to government incentives.     The incentives included a reduction in sales tax from 10 percent to 5 percent for small fuel-efficient vehicles with engines less than 1.6 litres.     The incentives were expected to lift sales by 20 percent to nearly 9 million units in 2010, the report said.     "Global car sales will continue to be buoyed by the ongoing massive and synchronized monetary and fiscal stimulus, which has generated a global economic recovery, including improving auto lending across the globe," said Carlos Gomes, senior economist at Scotia Economics.     "In fact, we estimate that auto loans across major markets bottomed in the first quarter of 2009 and have improved consistently alongside a thawing in global credit markets and falling interest rates," he said.     According to the report, improving access to credit and a return to 3-percent growth in the world economy will enable 2010 car sales to recapture half of the ground lost over the past two years, and set the stage for record volumes in 2011.     Auto sales in the United States have reversed the downward trend, with volumes advancing above a year earlier since August alongside a nascent economic recovery.     The report also predicted that through a vehicle scrappage program to spur the market, auto sales in Canada would reach 1.53 million units in 2010, up from 1.45 million this year.     "On average, 7 percent of the Canadian fleet is replaced each year," Gomes said. "However, the scrappage rate slumped to less than 6 percent in 2009, as the global economic downturn prompted Canadians to tighten their wallets and continue to drive their aging vehicles.

JOHANNESBURG, Dec. 24, (Xinhua) -- Legal ties between China and Africa have taken a major step forward with the conclusion of the First Forum on China-Africa Legal Co-operation in Cairo, Egypt on Monday.     Under the theme "Strengthen China-Africa Legal Exchange and Promote All Round Development of China-Africa Relationship", this forum was the first time lawyers from the China and Africa had met in such circumstances.     Greg Nott, who led the South African delegation, said on his return to Johannesburg on Thursday that he was "terribly excited by this forum and look forward to the implementation of a number of proposals tabled."     These included an exchange and cooperation between Chinese and African legal circles and a legal "think tank" to promote a universal and sustainable development of the China-Africa relationship.     Nott, who is the legal representative of the China-Africa Development Fund as well other China investor clients, said there were a number of other "ambitious and exciting proposals".     These include "the establishment of training and consulting centres as well as training projects for young African lawyers. This goes all hand-in-hand with private sector lawyers driving intellectual and legal support for business activity on both continents."     The forum was convened as the first step towards pragmatic cooperation between Chinese and African legal circles.     It was attended by delegates from Botswana, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia, as well as a strong delegation from the China Law Society.     The agenda included the important role of law in China-Africa cooperation, an introduction to the legal systems of China and African countries and their impact on trade and investment relations.     A number of prominent Egyptian and Chinese lawyers presided over the panels. The lawyers have much work to do because while China has one legal system, the 53 nations which make up Africa each have their own systems. Most are based on either the British legal system, with elements of Roman/Dutch law, or the French legal system.     There is also a strong legacy of Portuguese influence in former colonies. China's civil law system is based on traditional customs and practices, with Soviet and German influence.     Held on Dec. 20 and 21, the forum was hosted at the Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration.     The South African delegation included Rajen Ranchhoojee and Sheng Wu of the Johannesburg legal firm Dewey & LeBoeuf, where Nott is the managing partner.     The legal forum followed shortly after the meeting of foreign ministers at the fourth Forum on Africa China Cooperation, which was held in for Sharm-El-Sheikh, Egypt from Nov. 8 to 9.     At that meeting South African International Relations and Cooperation Minister Maite Nkoana Mashabane said China had played an important role in Africa's renewal. "For instance it has had significant role in peacekeeping in Africa."     She said a major strength of Chinese aid was its orientation to recipient priorities such as infrastructure (telecommunications, energy, roads) and productive sector investments (agriculture).     "Furthermore, Chinese assistance is considered to be relatively predictable assistance because it is disbursed on schedule within the intended financial year."     At that point she said development cooperation between South Africa and China is was regulated by two Agreements, "namely an agreement on Human Resource Development that was signed in 2004 and a February 2007 Agreement on Technical and Economic Cooperation". 

BEIJING, Oct. 26 -- Delegations from more than 84 countries and regions will participate the ITD conference Monday, and a host of international experts from governments, the private sector and academia will make presentations and lead discussions on this important topic.     The ITD is a cooperative venture formed in 2002 and comprised of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the European Commission and the UK Department for International Development.     Its purpose is to foster dialogue on important topics in tax policy and administration and to function as a disseminator and repository of information on matters of interest in taxation around the world, through its website, www.itdweb.org.     The IMF attaches great importance to its role as a founding member of the ITD. Recent events in the world economy have made even clearer the necessity of international cooperation and sharing experience in economic matters, and this is the very purpose, which the ITD serves.     The topic of this conference is a timely and critical one. The world has been reminded recently and forcefully of the great importance of the financial sector for macroeconomic stability, growth, and development goals. The sector plays a critical intermediating function - without it credit could not exist, capital could not be channeled to useful purposes and risks could not be managed.     The conference will take place against the background of the worst financial and economic crisis to strike the world in three generations, and, while taxation was not itself the cause of the crisis, elements of the tax system are relevant to its background and resolution.     Most tax systems embody incentives for corporations, financial institutions and in some cases individuals to use debt rather than equity finance.     This is likely to have contributed to the crisis by leading to higher levels of debt than would otherwise have existed - even though there were no obvious tax changes that would explain rapid increases in debt. Tax distortions may also have encouraged the development of complex and opaque financial instruments and structures, including through extensive use of low-tax jurisdictions - which in turn contributed to the difficulty of identifying true levels of risk.     The magnitude of the fiscal challenges facing the world economy is greater than at any other time since World War II.     Estimates done by IMF staff on the fiscal adjustment necessary to bring government debt-to-GDP ratios down to 60 percent by 2030 - over 20 years hence - show a gap in the cyclically adjusted primary balances of some 8 percentage points of GDP in advanced economies to be closed between 2010 and 2020.     This cannot all be accomplished by expenditure reduction. New, or increased, sources of revenue will need to be found, on average perhaps 3 percentage points of GDP. While improvements in compliance and administration could account for some of that gap, it will be necessary to adjust tax policies to a degree not hitherto seen on a wide scale.     Although the world economy remains weak with downside risks and much hardship remain, signs of improvement are thankfully now visible.     This is an opportune juncture, therefore, to begin the work of planning countries' exits from the deteriorated fiscal positions developed in response to the crisis, and to give thought to questions raised by the performance of the financial sector in triggering the crisis.     What role can better tax policies and administration play in preventing a recurrence of this costly episode in economic history?     The financial sector has been, and must continue to be, a critical link in the development of the world's economies. The sector has played a key role in accelerating the development of the emerging markets - many of which, prior to this most recent episode, had grown able to tap the world's financial resources at an increasing rate unparalleled in history.     And for the world's most vulnerable economies, continued financial deepening will be absolutely necessary to permit them to meet their development goals. The upcoming conference will consider the role of taxation in both the industrial and developing countries with respect to these goals.     The conference will address not only the role of the financial sector as a source of revenue itself, and its broader role in the development and growth of the world economy, but also its function in assisting in administration of the tax system-through information reporting, collection of tax payments, and withholding.     This latter role will become ever more important with growing international cooperation in fighting tax evasion and avoidance.     Finally, we must not lose sight of the main function of the tax system - to raise revenue in an economically efficient, non-distortionary, and administratively feasible manner.     Even fully recognizing the existence of both market failures and policy-induced vulnerabilities, including those that contributed to this crisis, it is important to avoid accidentally introducing distortions through the tax system that may prove worse than the evils they are intended to remedy.     "Neutrality" of taxation of the financial sector in this sense is a benchmark against which deviations from this objective may be measured and judged.     One must ask whether any proposed interventions are targeted at a recognized externality or existing distortion, and, if so, whether the proposed action is the most appropriate response. And the multilateral institutions, in particular, must look to the effects which the financial sector and its taxation may have not only on the world's highly developed economies-those with the greatest depth of financial intermediation-but at the effects, direct and indirect, on the world's developing nations.     International cooperation on these matters will be critical to making improvements that will benefit all of us. This week's important event, hosted by the Chinese government and organized by the ITD, is itself a model in this regard.

SHANGHAI, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- U.S. President Barack Obama on Monday called on the Chinese and U.S. governments to strengthen cooperation in dealing with such global challenges as climate change.     "There are very few global challenges that can be solved unless China and the United States agree," he stressed while answering a question at a town hall with Chinese students in Shanghai, the first stop of his four-day China tour.     As the world's two largest greenhouse gas emitters, the United States and China should assume the responsibility to curb greenhouse gas emissions, he said.     "Unless both of our countries are willing to take critical steps in dealing with this issue, we will not be able to resolve it," Obama said.     The president called on world leaders to strike a deal at the December Copenhagen conference during which they would make differentiated commitments to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.     China should not take the same obligations as the United States since it has a much larger population living in poverty, he said.     Climate change is expected to be one of the main topics at the upcoming meeting between Obama and Chinese President Hu Jintao.     President Hu promised at a September UN climate summit in New York that China would cut carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product by "a notable margin" by 2020 from the 2005level.     Obama has said he wants to cut U.S. emissions back to 1990 levels by 2020 and 80 percent further by 2050, but the U.S. Congress was unlikely to complete climate legislation by the time of Copenhagen, due to great political challenges in the midst of a recession with high unemployment and other domestic priorities.     According to U.S. top negotiator Jonathan Pershing, it would be difficult for the U.S. to pledge an emissions target without legislation by Congress, therefore a new pact to combat global warming is a forlorn hope for Copenhagen.     The Dec. 7-18 Copenhagen meeting, which is expected to bring together leaders from 190 countries, aims to renew greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets set by the Kyoto Protocol, due to expire in 2012. 

ROME, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- China's experience in eradicating hunger can be learned by other developing countries, the president of the UN International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) said on Tuesday.     Speaking to reporters on the sidelines of the World Summit on Food Security, Kanayo Nwanze said China has done a lot both in increasing national funds for agriculture and in supporting other developing countries through strategic rural investments.     "I have seen firsthand progress," he said. "China was able in 30 years, from 1978 to 2007, to reduce rural poverty from 30 percent to 1.6 percent through massive investments in rural development and rural areas, focusing on women, right policies andl and access."     For Nwanze China can be a role-model for other developing countries.     "Through her own experience China is able to collaborate with others in bringing its knowledge and technology to other parts of the world," he said.     However, "it is then the recipient country's responsibility to ensure that these experiences are properly used," he added.     "China's partnership with developing countries, in particular Africa, is able to assist these countries but it is imperative that the developing countries have themselves the right policies to ensure that the investments reach the rural population," Nwanze said.