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The remains of an ancient ape found in a Bavarian clay pit suggest that humans’ ancestors began standing upright millions of years earlier than previously thought, scientists said Wednesday.An international team of researchers says the fossilized partial skeleton of a male ape that lived almost 12 million years ago in the humid forests of what is now southern Germany bears a striking resemblance to modern human bones. In a paper published by the journal Nature, they concluded that the previously unknown species — named Danuvius guggenmosi — could walk on two legs but also climb like an ape.The findings “raise fundamental questions about our previous understanding of the evolution of the great apes and humans,” said Madelaine Boehme of the University of Tuebingen, Germany, who led the research.The question of when apes evolved bipedal motion has fascinated scientists since Charles Darwin first argued that they were the ancestors of humans. Previous fossil records of apes with an upright gait — found in Crete and Kenya — dated only as far back as 6 million years ago.Boehme, along with researchers from Bulgaria, Germany, Canada and the United States, examined more than 15,000 bones recovered from a trove of archaeological remains known as the Hammerschmiede, or Hammer Smithy, about 70 kilometers (44 miles) west of the Germany city of Munich.Among the remains they were able to piece together were primate fossils belonging to four individuals that lived 11.62 million years ago. The most complete, an adult male, likely stood about 1 meter (3 feet, 4 inches) tall, weighed 31 kilograms (68 pounds) and looked similar to modern-day bonobos, a species of chimpanzee.“It was astonishing for us to realize how similar certain bones are to humans, as opposed to great apes,” Boehme said.Thanks to several well-preserved vertebra, limb, finger and toe bones, the scientists were able to reconstruct how Danuvius moved, concluding that while it would have been able to hang from branches by his arms, it could also straighten its legs to walk upright.“This changes our view of early human evolution, which is that it all happened in Africa,” Boehme told The Associated Press in an interview.Like humans, Danuvius had an S-shaped spine to hold its body upright while standing. Unlike humans, though, it had a powerful, opposable big toe that would have allowed it to grab branches with its foot and safely walk through the treetops.Fred Spoor, a paleontologist at the Natural History Museum in London, called the fossil finds “fantastic” but said they would likely be the subject of much debate, not least because they could challenge many existing ideas about evolution.“I can see that there will be a lot of agonizing and re-analysis of what these fossils mean,” said Spoor, who wasn’t involved in the study. 2833

The US Food and Drug Administration confirmed that PFAS chemicals have made their way into the US food supply. On Monday, the FDA publicly acknowledged the initial findings of the agency's investigation into how the "forever chemicals" have been detected in the foods we eat.PFAS is a family of nearly 5,000 synthetic chemicals that are extremely persistent in the environment and in our bodies. PFAS is short for perfluoroalky and polyfluoroalkyl substances and includes chemicals known as PFOS, PFOA and GenX, sometimes called forever chemicals. These chemicals all share signature elemental bonds of fluorine and carbon, which are extremely strong and difficult to break down in the environment or in our bodies.These chemicals can easily migrate into the air, dust, food, soil and water and can accumulate in the body. They've been linked to adverse health impacts including liver damage, thyroid disease, decreased fertility, high cholesterol, obesity, hormone suppression and cancer.In the body, PFAS chemicals primarily 1039

There have been 530 confirmed and probable cases of lung injury related to e-cigarettes as of September 17, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Thursday. That's 150 more than had been reported on September 11. There have been cases in 38 states and one US territory.Among the cases for which the CDC has received information about patients' sex and age, 72% are in men, 67% are in people ages 18 to 34, 16% are in people younger than 18 and 17% are in people age 35 and older. More than half of the cases are in people younger than 25.Vaping-related illnesses have been linked to seven deaths, two in California and one each in Kansas, Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota and Oregon.Health officials said the investigation is complex, involving hundreds of patients -- some who are reluctant or too ill to talk with investigators -- and multiple substances."I wish we had more answers," Dr. Anne Schuchat, principal deputy director of the CDC, said during a media briefing.Health officials haven't found a definitive cause or a clear connection between cases. The CDC and various state health departments have reported widespread use of products containing THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol, the psychoactive substance within cannabis. But health officials emphasized Thursday that not all people who became ill had used THC, and many had used multiple substances.Mitch Zeller, director of the US Food and Drug Administration's Center for Tobacco Products, said the agency has activated its law enforcement arm, the Office of Criminal Investigations, to identify what is making people sick and how it's supplied. Zeller said the investigation is ongoing, but the office is not pursuing any prosecutions related to personal use of e-cigarette products.Zeller also FDA has collected more than 150 vaping product samples for analysis in its forensic chemistry center and the number continues to grow. 1916

The tapestry is long. In total, about 25 feet. It is an amalgamation of red and blue boxes stitched to fit snugly next to one another, and each day, the tapestry expands by feet at a time.Heather Schulte has been adding to the project since March. Each blue stitch represents a new confirmed coronavirus case in the United States, and each red stitch represents a loss of life."The act of stitching, for me, is very meditative,” said Schulte, as she continued to add stitches in her front yard.The project began as a way to give a visual representation of the global pandemic; something more tangible than numbers on paper, according to Schulte. But it quickly evolved into a catharsis, a release from the stress of being isolated from her normal life. Then, in April, her tapestry became even more personal."On April 11 my uncle was diagnosed,” said Schulte. “Two days later, he was taken to the hospital and did not survive the coronavirus infection that he had. It’s become a way to meditate, hold vigil, commemorate the people who have suffered and who have died and their family members, and their care givers, and the doctors, and nurses who are working overtime to manage the crisis right now.”Dr. Ellen Winner is a professor of psychology at Boston College and author of the book How Art Works. She says art can provide and outlet for healing, even for people without an artistic skill."There’s no question art leads to well-being,” said Winner. “It is a way of distracting yourself and focusing very carefully on something. It really pulls you away from what you might be upset about.” Because of art’s interpretive nature, Winner says it doesn’t need to be something traditional in terms of painting, drawing, or playing music. Doing something such as DIY projects, or even rearranging a room can help tap into one’s creativity and offer a source of therapy.“If it makes you feel better that is a practical purpose,” she said.“There are so many things that you’re feeling that you can’t express through words, and art creates this--whether it’s through metaphor or some sort of indirect expression, being able to open up,” said Laura Kim.Kim and her collaborator, Kevin Sweet, turned to creating seed packets they place along a local creek in Boulder, Colorado as a way to help engage others. It’s interactive, they say, and offers mutual benefits as people plant the seeds and care for what grows."We wanted to create, instigate, this kind of platform or way for storytelling to happen,” said Kim.Only a few blocks away, Robbie Herbst has been hosting socially-distant violin concerts for people in his neighborhood. He says each Tuesday night, between 50 and 100 people gather in the street, spreading themselves apart to enjoy the music and return to some semblance of normalcy."When you’re focusing on playing in tune and playing in sound nothing else really matters,” he said laughing. Herbst freelances as a violinist for area orchestras and teaches private lessons. Since the pandemic has stopped, that routine he says he now plays for his own benefit, as well as the benefit of others.“[Being stuck inside] makes it feel like the walls are closing in,” Herbst said. “[Playing violin] just feels very invigorating, and it makes you want to take risks and find maximum expression in what you’re doing, and that’s extremely liberating and gratifying.”Editor's note: An earlier version of this article incorrectly named Kevin Sweet as Jason Sweet. 3474

The president signed a trade agreement with China on Wednesday that is expected to boost exports from U.S. farmers and manufacturers and ease trade tensions between the two countries going into November’s presidential election. President Donald Trump is describing an initial trade agreement with China as “righting the wrongs of the past and delivering a future of economic justice and security for American workers, farmers and families." Trump promoted the signing as a way of delivering economic justice for American workers.However, the "Phase 1" agreement will do little to force China to make major economic changes, such as reducing unfair subsidies for its own companies that the Trump administration sought when it started the trade war by imposing tariffs on Chinese imports in July 2018, 812

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