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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — As the world waits for a vaccine against the coronavirus, two San Diego biotechs are teaming up to develop a nasal spray using designer antibodies cloned from COVID-19 survivors.About 70 companies worldwide are working on therapies for COVID-19 using cloned antibodies, according to an estimate by the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. A few of these treatments, known officially as monoclonal antibody therapies, have advanced to clinical trials.Most require an injection, but San Diego-based Diomics and its partner Active Motif, based in Carlsbad, are developing a once-a-day spray that could be easily self-administered.Early research suggests the coronavirus primarily enters the body through the nose. The spray, called Dioguard, is designed to coat the lining of the nasal cavity with cloned antibodies that are held in place for 24 hours or more using a proprietary polymer material developed by Diomics.Diomics CEO Anthony Zolezzi said he believes the spray “holds the key to allowing many aspects of life to resume until the day comes when there’s an effective vaccine in widespread use.”Diomics is also developing two tests for COVID-19 antibodies using its polymer beads, including a device that looks like a nicotine patch that is designed to monitor for infections for a week or more.RELATED: How a dot on your forearm could be the future sign of COVID immunityActive Motif is providing the cloned antibodies for the nasal spray. With a lab in Shanghai and other relationships in China, the Carlsbad company was able to clone antibodies from 11 Chinese survivors in February, before the World Health Organization declared a pandemic.When the company started the cloning project, they thought the virus would probably disappear in three to six months, said Active Motif CEO Ted DeFrank. “Then people started realizing, no this is going to be with us for a while.”The plasma from the 11 Chinese patients contained thousands of antibodies, and scientists with Active Motif set about selecting the one that was most effective, dubbed 414-1. The company says it can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 virus particles with 98 percent effectiveness.Monoclonal antibodies have some similarities to convalescent plasma, which is a complex cocktail of antibodies and other immune molecules drawn from the blood of recovered patients. One of the key differences is that cloned antibodies can be mass produced in a lab.Cloned antibodies have been used in treatments for more than 30 years, primarily for cancer. One such treatment famously helped former U.S. President Jimmy Carter beat melanoma.But of the more than 100 monoclonal antibody therapies licensed for use, only seven are for communicable diseases, according to IAVI.Historically, the treatments have been expensive and difficult to produce, but Diomics said it’s targeting a price of about a spray for Dioguard, roughly per bottle.“We do not want to have huge profits from a pandemic, that’s just wrong,” Zolezzi said. “We’re going to price this as effectively as we can for the masses. We want to get this out to the masses.”Animal testing is about to begin and the companies said they hope to progress to human trials soon. Their goal is to release the spray in early 2021, when a vaccine may be on the market but not yet widely available.If the spray works, it could be adapted to other viruses to help fight future pandemics, Zolezzi said."That’s our real goal," Zolezzi said. "That we never get caught flat-footed like this time." 3526

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Being shot to death by a cop. The fear is real for many families who have to call 911 on their mentally ill loved ones. As part of the Team 10 Transparency Project, 10News rode along with San Diego police to understand how officers respond to mental health emergencies. 10News is examining what police say they’re doing right to de-escalate potentially deadly encounters.This October, SDPD released officer-worn camera footage that showed the moments before officers shot and killed an El Cerrito man this summer who had charged them with a shovel. His family says he was mentally ill. The family called police when he started throwing bricks at his aunt.Police say an officer deployed a Taser but it didn't have any effect on Dennis Carolino, who began to advance. The San Diego County District Attorney’s Office is still reviewing the case, but it's stories like Carolino’s that alarm local mother Cheryl Canson. One of her adult sons has Bipolar Disorder. The other son has Schizophrenia. She says both of them experience episodes of psychosis. “They're unable to identify or distinguish whether the voice is outside [their heads] or it's their own voice or a separate voice inside,” she explains.Both of Canson’s sons are now incarcerated, but she says she always worried about their interactions with police. “I don't really look at law enforcement in a bad way but they need to be trained in dealing with mentally ill people,” she adds.RELATED: Mental health program for first responders gets OK from San Diego County supervisors“I'm very proud of the training that we receive,” says SDPD Lt. Carmelin Rivera. Lt. Rivera drove 10News around Balboa Park where he says his officers meet people from all walks of life. “It's also a place [where] oftentimes we encounter individuals that have mental illness,” he adds.San Diego County PERT (Psychiatric Emergency Response Team) Director Dr. Mark Marvin rode around with 10News, too. “We are basically providing the bulk of mental health training to law enforcement in San Diego County,” he tells 10News. The region’s eleven law enforcement agencies include San Diego Police Department, Carlsbad Police Department, Chula Vista Police Department, Coronado Police Department, El Cajon Police Department, Escondido Police Department, Harbor Police Department, La Mesa Police Department, National City Police Department, Oceanside Police Department and the San Diego County Sheriff's Department.PERT teams are made up of unarmed licensed mental health clinicians and trained sworn peace officers. Together, officers and clinicians respond to 911 calls for mental health related situations. A law enforcement officer first assesses the scene for safety, followed by a clinician, who provides specialized care.“The goal is always de-escalation,” Dr. Marvin tells 10News.This year, the San Diego County District Attorney’s Office announced an initiative to fund de-escalation training for police officers. A 25-year study from the DA’s found that 79% of officer-involved shootings had some evidence of drug use or mental health concerns.RELATED: What to do in a mental health crisis“Our training philosophy is when officers or PERT clinicians are encountering people in crisis, they're not just a collection of symptoms. They're people. They have tough stories to tell and we want to know what their stories are,” adds Dr. Marvin.Lt. Rivera tells 10News, “Really, it's about coming in with the appropriate level and tone, just like anything else.”Officers are taught how to communicate and look for cues before turning to any force. Lt. Rivera adds, “It depends on a lot of factors. Are people clenching their hands? Are they not responding to basic commands? Do they have any weapons in their hands? Have threats been made?California law mandates that officers get mental health training. Some agencies like SDPD get more field training and classroom time than other agencies.Dr. Marvin says that San Diego County is well ahead of the national training curve, but breaking stigmas will take time.The National Alliance on Mental Illness has a list of recommended things to say and do if you have to call 911 on a family member or loved one who is having a mental health crisis. Click here for more.Join our Facebook group for constructive conversation around these issues. If you are a community member with questions about how the police investigate themselves or have suggestions on how officer-involved shootings or police misconduct can be prevented, we welcome you to join this group and the conversation. Follow this link to join. 4608

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — As the elderly population is told to stay home to protect themselves from coronavirus, a group like ElderHelp is necessary. ElderHelp has been helping seniors with anything from giving rides to grocery shopping for decades. Now, they have adapted to COVID-19 restrictions, with a system where volunteers pick up groceries from the nonprofit's hub, then drive the food and supplies to the seniors’ homes to deliver without contact.ElderHelp has seen a 773% increase in requests for service since the pandemic began and now completes 522 deliveries on average every week.Carol Greene is one of the seniors who has food delivered to her San Diego home and said the communication with the staff brightens her days.“I look at ElderHelp as all the sunshine. You might be at home on your normal, boring day at times and whoop there’s the phone,” she said.They just received a 0,000 grant from the San Diego Foundation but say they are still always in need of both donations and volunteers, especially in light of the recent increase in demand.Nicole Darling has been volunteering with ElderHelp since 2003 and said the seniors appreciate the food, but always seem to enjoy the interaction as well, especially during a time of isolation.“It’s a small amount of effort to make a huge amount of good for people who are really vulnerable and alone,” said Darling. 1382

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — As Americans wait for a regulatory decision on Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine candidate, local dry ice companies are counting on the cold chain distribution to help boost sales that have significantly dried up during the pandemic.San Diego Ice Company in the Midway District said it is already fielding calls from hospitals and clinics looking to order dry ice. The family-owned business has distributed ice products for decades, but vice president Anthony Toma said the company has secured the equipment needed to begin manufacturing dry ice from liquid carbon dioxide in December.“Without this dry ice, there's no vaccine,” Toma said.Dry ice is carbon dioxide in its solid form. It’s critical to shipping and storing Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine candidate.While Moderna’s vaccine can be stored in a standard freezer, Pfizer’s candidate needs to be kept at 94 degrees Fahrenheit below zero. That’s colder than winter in Antarctica.The company says once it gets the green light from the FDA, it will pack vials in boxes with dry ice. Each shipper box can hold up to 5,000 doses and will be fitted with sensors to constantly track location and temperature.Pfizer will ship the boxes from sites in Kalamazoo, MI and Pleasant Prairie, WI via FedEx and UPS, sending them to hospitals, clinics and pharmacies across the country.From there, vaccination providers must store the doses in a way that preserves their efficacy. Long-term storage of up to six months requires an ultra low-temperature freezer, but outside of hospitals those units are rare.The cold chain required for Pfizer’s candidate is “the most challenging issue” facing distribution, Governor Gavin Newsom said Monday.Newsom said the state plans to assist Pfizer’s efforts by purchasing 16 ultra low-temperature freezers, along with 61 smaller freezers that will be positioned in high-need areas.Another storage option is to keep doses in Pfizer’s thermal shipper box. Vials can last in the box for up to 15 days be refilling the dry ice, and Toma expects some of his dry ice will be part of that process.“We're gonna play a big part,” he said. “We're ready for that and we're honored to do it.”Toma is hoping dry ice will help thaw sales that have plummeted because of the pandemic. A lot of the ice business relies on big events and conventions that have been shut down. Restaurants have reduced volume. Airlines have cut back on food service.“There are a couple of [ice] companies that I spoke with and they said, ‘If it wasn't for dry ice, we wouldn't know what to do,’” he said. “Dry ice is keeping most of us alive.”Toma knows the implications aren’t just financial. Both he and his wife caught the virus and recovered, so they know just how important these vaccines are.Starting in December, San Diego Ice Company will start producing about 1800 pounds of dry ice an hour, he said. That’s enough to fill 36 of Pfizer’s shipper boxes, which require 50 pounds of dry ice each.The FDA has scheduled a meeting of its vaccine advisory committee on December 10. The agency is expected to announce a decision on whether to approve an emergency use authorization shortly thereafter. 3161

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Community spirit will come alive across nine blocks in Hillcrest this August.The CityFest Street Fair and Music Festival packs Fifth Avenue with bands, DJs, arts and crafts, and food from 12 p.m. to 11 p.m. on Aug. 11.The half-mile-long celebration, known as "Pride-Light" to locals, brings more than 150,000 visitors to Hillcrest every summer. Visitors will be able to enjoy live music, buskers and street performers, and a special headliner on the grand stage throughout the day. A second electronic music stage brings even more tunes to the party.For arts and crafts, an artist village will bring together several vendors and their creations available for purchase.And on the food side, plenty of vendor will be stationed to deliver a variety of cuisines, including a massive cocktail bar and beer garden. 835

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