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WASHINGTON, July 7 (Xinhua) -- Space shuttle Atlantis will soar into the sky Friday on NASA's 135th and final flight. Its scheduled return to Earth later this month will mark the end of NASA's 30-year space program.Since its onset with the launch of space shuttle Columbia, the program has been seen as a cheap, safe and reliable way for space exploration.Despite its great contributions to U.S. manned space flight, it has also left some grave and tragic lessons, making its termination inevitable.HIKING COSTSLaunched in 1972 by then President Richard Nixon, the shuttle program aimed to provide a new system of affordable space travel and proved to be NASA's most enduring project in its 50 years of existence.In 1981, shuttle Columbia made its first shuttle flight for two days. It was the ultimate hybrid and the first reusable spacecraft.Launched like a rocket and gliding back to Earth like an airplane, space shuttles not only can act as a space taxi to carry astronauts, but have the muscle of a long-distance trucker to haul heavy machinery.The spaceship boasts more than 3,500 subsystems and 2.5 million parts and is nine times faster than a speeding bullet as it climbs heavenward. That versatility, however, has translated into higher costs.NASA originally estimated the program would cost about 90 billion U.S. dollars. However, its actual cost stands at about 200 billion dollars, compared with the 151 billion dollars spent on Apollo which took Americans to the moon in 1969.In an article in Technology Review, John Logsdon, former head of the Space Policy Institute at George Washington University, drew a direct connection between the ravenous shuttle budget and the lack of other large advances in manned space flight."By operating the system for 30 years, with its high costs and high risk, rather than replacing it with a less expensive, less risky second-generation system, NASA compounded the original mistake of developing the most ambitious version of the vehicle," he wrote."The shuttle's cost has been an obstacle to NASA starting other major projects," he added.HIGH RISKIn terms of safety, the shuttles have never been as reliable as their designers had envisioned.On average, one out of every 67 flights ended up with fatal accidents. Based on the rate of deaths per million miles traveled, the space shuttle is 138 times riskier than a passenger jet.Seven astronauts onboard died when Challenger exploded about a minute after launch in 1986. Nearly two decades after the tragic blast, a new catastrophe descended when the shuttle Columbia disintegrated moments before landing in 2003, killing another seven spacemen.Again, the shuttle program was shelved for more than two years as NASA stepped up efforts to make it safer. But experts say the fundamental problem related to shuttles' safety cannot be solved due to their "birth defects.""It is in the nation's interest to replace the Shuttle as soon as possible," concluded the panel that investigated the 2003 Columbia accident.

SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 9 (Xinhua) -- Nokia is planning to stop selling its low-end phones and smartphones in the United States, instead focusing on products using Microsoft's Windows Phone platform, U.S. media reported on Tuesday.The Finnish handset maker will end sales of its low-end Series 40 phones and smartphones based on the Symbian mobile operating system in the United States and Canada, as it needs to put all of its efforts into the Windows Phone products which are due out later this year, Chris Weber, head of Nokia's U.S. subsidiary, told technology news site All Things Digital."When we launch Windows Phones we will essentially be out of the Symbian business, the S40 business, etc.," Weber said.Staff members speak to trade visitors at the Nokia booth at the CommunicAsia expo in Singapore June 21, 2011.In February, Nokia and Microsoft announced plans to form a broad strategic partnership, under which Nokia agrees to adopt Windows Phone as its principal smartphone strategy.North America is a priority for Nokia, Weber noted, in part because it is a key market for Microsoft and also because Nokia sees it as a key to winning in the smartphone battle globally."We'll develop for North America and make the phones globally available and applicable," Weber said.In another development, technology blog Engadget and other U.S. media on Tuesday reported that Nokia will not bring N9, its first smartphone running the Linux-based mobile operating system MeeGo, to the U.S. market."After the very positive reception to the launch of the Nokia N9, the product is now being rolled out in countries around the world. At this time we will not be making it available in the U.S., " Nokia said in a statement.

LOS ANGELES, July 5 (Xinhua) -- NASA's Juno spacecraft is 30 days away before its first launch window opens, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) announced on Tuesday."One month from today, our first launch window opens at 11:34 a. m. EDT (8:34 a.m. PDT) and lasts 69 minutes," said Jan Chodas, Juno project manager from NASA's JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles."Our primary launch period is 22 days long, and so if weather or other issues come up on Aug. 5, we have 21 more days to get Juno flying. Once we get Juno into space, it's a five-year cruise to Jupiter.""The launch window is the length of time allotted every day for an attempt to launch the spacecraft," said Chodas. "The launch period is the period of time in days when everything is in the right place to get your mission off to the right start."For a mission like Juno, getting everything in the right place includes considering the size of the rocket and spacecraft, where our home planet -- and in particular Juno's launch pad -- is pointed at any moment, and its location in space relative to other celestial objects like Juno's final target, Jupiter.Juno is scheduled to launch aboard a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket from pad 41-C at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida.The solar-powered spacecraft will orbit Jupiter's poles 33 times to find out more about the gas giant's origins, structure, atmosphere and magnetosphere and investigate the existence of a solid planetary core.JPL manages the Juno mission for the principal investigator, Scott Bolton, of Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio.The Juno mission is part of the New Frontiers Program managed at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alaska. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, built the spacecraft.

LOS ANGELES, June 10 (Xinhua) -- The Aquarius/SAC-D observatory, NASA's first ever satellite to study the saltiness of Earth's oceans, is in excellent health after its launch early Friday, initial telemetry reports showed.The observatory rocketed into space from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California atop a United Launch Alliance Delta II rocket at 7:20:13 a.m. PDT (10:20:13 a.m. EDT).Less than 57 minutes later, the observatory separated from the rocket's second stage and began activation procedures, establishing communications with ground controllers and unfurling its solar arrays, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said.During the next 25 days, the Aquarius/SAC-D service platform will be tested and maneuvered into its final operational, near-polar orbit 408 miles (657 kilometers) above Earth. Science operations will begin after the observatory's instruments are checked out. This commissioning phase may last up to 65 days, JPL said.Aquarius will map the global open ocean once every seven days for at least three years with a resolution of 93 miles (150 kilometers). The maps will show how ocean surface salinity changes each month, season and year. Scientists expect to release preliminary salinity maps later this year."Aquarius is a critical component of our Earth sciences work, and part of the next generation of space-based instruments that will take our knowledge of our home planet to new heights," said NASA Deputy Administrator Lori Garver. "The innovative scientists and engineers who contributed to this mission are part of the talented team that will help America win the future and make a positive impact across the globe."Aquarius will measure salinity by sensing thermal microwave emissions from the water's surface with three microwave instruments called radiometers. When other environmental factors are equal, these emissions indicate the saltiness of surface water. A microwave radar scatterometer instrument will measure ocean waves that affect the precision of the salinity measurement.Because salinity levels in the open ocean vary by only about five parts per thousand, Aquarius will be able to detect changes as small as approximately two parts per 10,000, equivalent to about one-eighth of a teaspoon of salt in a gallon of water."Data from this mission will advance our understanding of the ocean and prediction of the global water cycle," said Michael Freilich, director of NASA's Earth Science Division in the Science Mission Directorate at agency headquarters in Washington. "This mission demonstrates the power of international collaboration and accurate spaceborne measurements for science and societal benefit. This would not be possible without the sustained cooperation of NASA, CONAE and our other partners."The Aquarius/SAC-D (Satellite de Aplicaciones Cientificas) observatory is a collaboration between NASA and Argentina's space agency, Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE).Aquarius was built by NASA's JPL and the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. NASA's Launch Services Program at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida manages the launch.JPL will manage Aquarius through its commissioning phase and archive mission data. Goddard will manage Aquarius mission operations and process science data. CONAE is providing the SAC-D spacecraft, optical camera, thermal camera with Canada, microwave radiometer, sensors from various Argentine institutions and the mission operations center. France and Italy also are contributing instruments.

MANILA, June 14 (Xinhua) -- At least 200 people, mostly children, have been taken to hospitals after allegedly suffering from food poisoning at a birthday party in the northern Philippine province of Bulacan, local newspaper Manila Bulletin reported Tuesday.Most of the victims suffered from stomach and chest pains, diarrhea and vomiting, local health officer Dr. Rizalli Lucas was quoted as saying.The victims claimed the cause of their food poisoning was the spaghetti served during a birthday celebration over the weekend in a village of Calumpit town.James P. de Jesus, mayor of Calumpit, said the situation is now contained and controlled but they still have to implement health measures and to determine the cause of the alleged food poisoning.Police have started investigating the incident.